Histoire des sciences medicales最新文献

Pierre and François have been the key figures of the Mauriac five children. Pierre introduced his hospital service in Bordeaux to bio-clinic and was a well-known professor before he became the dean of the Faculty from 1936 to 1945. As hero during the Great War he remained loyal to the "victor of the battle of Verdun" while his brother Frangois became a fervent 'Gaullist', "each of them climbing the same mountain along another side" according to François Mauriac in 1966. Pierre was a writer too and a medical adviser for the novelist.

The main objective of this research was,for the first time, to partially edit an anatomical text in middle french, the ms FR 19.991, a 15th century manuscript held by the Bibliotheque Nationale de France. After restitution of the text (transcription, expansion of abbreviations and identification of rubricated sections) a glossary of all terms was compiled. The analysis of this anatomical treatise following the arabic galenic tradition revealed that it results from the assembly of at least three previous texts, the largest part of it (18 / 22 sections) following very closely the anatomia ricardi salertinani, translated from arabic to latin in the 12th century in the Salernitan school of medicine. The use of this treatise remains to be elucidated.

Rebuilt at the end of the 17th century on the ruins of the Ospital du Bourg, the civilian and military hospital St Louis in Boulogne-sur-Mer was in charge all over the 18th century. About 4000 persons - from whom 25% military men- died there. Beyond the data found among the death certficates, the analysis of the registers gives information about the Protestant soldiers, the burial time, the original making of a skeleton according to the rules of classical anatomy ... The wars in Europe or outside concerned Great Britain, France and their allies. The consequences are found in the agenda of the surgeons' meetings in town.

The single literary study of Aur6lia of Gerard de Nerval-eliminates the author's mental illness expression. We set a clinical analysis that brings to the fore some unrecognized aspects of the work.

World War I was the archetype of an industrial conflict and its consequences have been million dead, some heavily disabling physical traumatisms beside serious neurological/psychological suffering. Some of the sequels had been noticed during previous wars such as Crimea War, Civil War, Franco-Prussian War, and were labeled as shellshock. In literature (Céline, Virginia Woolf, William, March, Gughenno and so on) some situations or characters evoked disorders, which have been described later as post-traumatic syndrome.

In 1670, when president Perigny died, Bossuet was nominated by king Louis XIVthfor being the tutor of his first son, Louis de France (1661-1711) as the Great Dauphin, and he will hold this office, during ten years until 1680, within the crown prince's educational team managed by the formidable duke of Montausier. In that environment he was induced to write several books ; one of them entitled About knowledge of God and oneself, in his chapter II "About the body", depict - according to knowledges, ideas and prejudices of that time - the general anatomy and what will be later named physiology, the body functions, rather the animal than the human ones. He went over the main organs with their summarily descriptions and what he understood about their effects, and the main organic functions. This is the opportunity for understanding how the)6th century medical concepts were assimilated and translated by an unversed person though he was a great prelate, a great preacher and a great author.

Léopold Chauveau born in Lyon was a renowned writer during the years 1920-1930, then nearly forgotten. He was the son of Augustin Chauveau (1827-1917) the famous veterinary who had a leading role in the scientific life in the 19th century. Léopold Chauveau was particulary appreciated for his tales for kids. Some of his compilations were illustrated by his friend the painter Pierre Bonnard. His novels were published by the NRF so he was very closed to Gide, to Martin du Gard, to Eugene Dabit partners of this publishing house. At the first he was a medecine doctor, house doctor in Paris hospitals, ORL-surgeon, surgeon "beyond the fight" on the battle front during the WWI. But at that time greatly moved by the slaughter he had seen and by the deaths of his nearest and dearest : his wife and two of his four sons, he completely renounced his medical practice. He actually became writer, talented illustrator, monsters sculptor... He died exhausted during the debacle in 1940. His tales for children are a talk to little Renaud (his dead son) beyond the hereafter, they are an outled for one'sorrow. All these texts are now studied by specialists, republished, discovered by the Japanese. All his books and novels are very sensitive,full of a philo- sophic spirit and a delicious imagination. His pictures are outstanding.

Around 1573 or 1574, Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) suffered afallfrom his horse, followed by fainting for two or three hours. He describes the accident in the 6th chapter of the second volume of his Essays, from two points of view: evocation of the accident itself and description of what he felt during this experience that enabled him, somehow, to "be close to death". This text, where Montaigne explains one of his intimate experiences, appears as an important light on the origins and the nature of his Essays.

The author reviews the situation of medicine in the time of Chateaubriand, then his attitude toward this art and its practitioners, then his own pathology, psychological as well as somatic.