Histoire des sciences medicales最新文献

The Museum of the Saint-Louis hospital in Paris presents life casts produced by Jules Baretta in the 19th century: the casts seem incredible as they captured the complex forms of illness. How could Baretta cast in plaster an irregular epithelium or lupus without damaging the pathology or causing deep pains? From this observation, an investigation on those casts took place and especially one on an epithelium of the nose (no 1364) in order to understand the trade secrets. This investigation shows that Baretta used protective films on these pathologies and that he then interpreted them by modelling. The scientific and artistic interest of this discovery is to revise the mechanical objectivity of the casting through the modelling.

Where do tears come from? Do women weep more than men, and why? Ijsbrand van Diemerbroeck (1609-1674), a physician at Utrecht in the 17th century, tries to find an answer to these questions in a dissertation of about fifteen pages in his book Anatome corporis humani. Acccording to tradition, he thinks that tears are produced by the brain, he gives a mechanical explanation of their origin, but he persists in thinking that their main function is the purgation of the brain. On the other hand, this exocrin secretion causes moralizing or aesthetic interpretations in the literature and arts contemporaneous with van Diemerbroeck's work.

A brief history of medicine in Amazonas: the end of shamanism and the progressive Christianisation of therapeutical rites among the Tarianos, in the suburbs of Manaus.

In July 1974, a 72 old woman had been a patient for forty years in Sainte-Anne Hospital, Ward C. As she had again a violent brawl with her neighbour patient, she revealed being a tremendous artist. She had been confined on account of dementia paralytica in the Mecca of malariotherapy, and passionately devoted herself to embroidery. Her fancy work was rather a matter for Jean Dubuffet's art through its perfect expression and deserved being known.

When Napoleon the 3d's government turned to its liberal phase, dissatisfactions felt free to become visible, among which the problems engendered by the law of 1838 about the situation of mental patients; during the 60s, a novelist, Hector Malot; a doctor, Léopold Turck; a jurist, Théophile Huc, tried to amend it.

An appendectomy which was practiced in the camp of Dachau to save the life of one of the torturers looks like a dangerous wager and the writer shows how a good surgeon could win the bet through his skillfulness and save life of his comrades and his own.

In 1992, the hospital of Nanterre assumed Max Fourestier's surname, as this great doctor was in office there between 1948 and 1973. Max Fourestier's biography and career emphasize that he embarked on three specific professional fields : specialty medicine, social medicine and school medicine. At the time, Max Fourestier was developing his universal endoscope in his department in Nanterre, achieving an extensive experience of massive BCG vaccination in a tuberculosis clinic in Montreuil, called "social hygiene" and, finally, carrying out a lot of school innovations to achieve an equal division of time between school work and sport practices. He also implemented snow classes in public schools in 1953 or napping classes,forest classes and snow classes in infant schools in 1959. In short, this presentation reveals that the inherent process of Max Fourestier's school innovation reputation lies in the scientific will of its creator, which allows him to convey his teaching ideas at the international level. Finally, in addition to the inventory of the physician's various innovations, the major challenge of this presentation is to reveal the intertwining and strong connections of Max Fourestier's medical and school commitments. In 1992, the hospital of Nanterre assumed Max Fourestier's surname, as this great doctor was in office there between 1948 and 1973. Max Fourestier's biography and career emphasize that he embarked on three specific professional fields: specialty medicine, social medicine and school medicine. At the time, Max Fourestier was developing his universal endoscope in his department in Nanterre, achieving an extensive experience of massive BCG vaccination in a tuberculosis clinic in Montreuil, called "social hygiene" and,finally, carrying out a lot of school innovations to achieve an equal division of time between school work and sport practices. He also implemented snow classes in public schools in 1953 or napping classes, forest classes and snow classes in infant schools in 1959. In short, this presentation reveals that the inherent process of Max Fourestier's school innovation reputation lies in the scientific will of its creator, which allows him to convey his teaching ideas at the international level. Finally, in addition to the inventory of the physician's various innovations, the major challenge of this presentation is to reveal the intertwining and strong connections of Max Fourestier's medical and school commitments.

The development of the inventory and synthetic study of collyrium stamps, commonly known as "oculist's stamps", includes the physico-chemical analysis of rare stamped collyrium's remains. The fragments of collyrium which were discovered in a tomb of Morlungo (Veneto) are all the more remarkable as the remedy's name stamped on two of them remains enigmatic at the moment and because of the association in a funerary context with an-other thirty-five finds. More specifically, they were discovered near surgical bronze instruments, a large amount of amber, a portable sundial and a seal box. Recent archaeological, textual and technological data thus make the study of the remains of collyriums of Morlungo particularly interesting for the history of medicine.

The authors report the contributions of the last six sanitary conferences from 1886 to 1926. All of them, from 1851 to 1926, were the first roots of WHO.