Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501080
A. Kargov, T. Asfour, C. Pylatiuk, R. Oberle, H. Klosek, S. Schulz, K. Regenstein, G. Bretthauer, Rüdiger Dillmann
In this paper the mechanism, design, and control system of a new humanoid-type hand with human-like manipulation abilities is discussed. The hand is designed for the humanoid robot which has to work autonomously or interactively in cooperation with humans. The ideal end effector for such a humanoid would be able to use the tools and objects that a person uses when working in the same environment. Therefore, a new hand is designed for anatomical consistency with the human hand. This includes the number of fingers and the placement and motion of the thumb, the proportions of the link lengths, and the shape of the palm. The hand can perform most of human grasping types. In this paper, particular attention is dedicated to measurement analysis, technical characteristics, and functionality of the hand prototype. Furthermore, first experience gained from using hand prototypes on a humanoid robot is outlined.
{"title":"Development of an anthropomorphic hand for a mobile assistive robot","authors":"A. Kargov, T. Asfour, C. Pylatiuk, R. Oberle, H. Klosek, S. Schulz, K. Regenstein, G. Bretthauer, Rüdiger Dillmann","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501080","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the mechanism, design, and control system of a new humanoid-type hand with human-like manipulation abilities is discussed. The hand is designed for the humanoid robot which has to work autonomously or interactively in cooperation with humans. The ideal end effector for such a humanoid would be able to use the tools and objects that a person uses when working in the same environment. Therefore, a new hand is designed for anatomical consistency with the human hand. This includes the number of fingers and the placement and motion of the thumb, the proportions of the link lengths, and the shape of the palm. The hand can perform most of human grasping types. In this paper, particular attention is dedicated to measurement analysis, technical characteristics, and functionality of the hand prototype. Furthermore, first experience gained from using hand prototypes on a humanoid robot is outlined.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115416633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501057
E. Goto, K. Ohnishi, H. Miyagawa, Y. Saito
This paper reports on a field test of our simple force-sensor-based rehabilitation device that can be handled at homes or neighboring medical institutions. We propose a tri-axial load cell controller system for quantitatively evaluating the visually guided motor control characteristic of a weak palsy arm. The result is recorded in the database while evaluation is presented for each trial. The system is tested at an orthopedic clinic with outpatients: cervical spinal cord injured patient and 2 other cases. Their mid-term testing results are discussed.
{"title":"Field test of a force control rehabilitation system for quantitative evaluation of the disorder in the upper extremities","authors":"E. Goto, K. Ohnishi, H. Miyagawa, Y. Saito","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501057","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on a field test of our simple force-sensor-based rehabilitation device that can be handled at homes or neighboring medical institutions. We propose a tri-axial load cell controller system for quantitatively evaluating the visually guided motor control characteristic of a weak palsy arm. The result is recorded in the database while evaluation is presented for each trial. The system is tested at an orthopedic clinic with outpatients: cervical spinal cord injured patient and 2 other cases. Their mid-term testing results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128037534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501159
Michael Bernhardt, M. Frey, G. Colombo, R. Riener
The rehabilitation robot LOKOMAT has been developed at the Spinal Cord Injury Center of the University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich. It allows automated treadmill training for patients with mobility impairment of the lower limbs. Former position control strategies did not allow voluntary active movements of the patient. This paper presents a new cooperative control architecture for the LOKOMAT that enforces active force contribution of the patient. Based on a dynamic model of the human gait, the patient is supported by an arbitrary percentage of the force required to walk. Online gait event detectors have been developed and implemented since the controller mode changes depending on the gait phase. The new control strategy is highly patient-driven and enables the patient to accomplish free walking movements. Thus, it is expected, that the motivation of the patient can be maximized and the rehabilitation progress accelerated.
{"title":"Hybrid force-position control yields cooperative behaviour of the rehabilitation robot LOKOMAT","authors":"Michael Bernhardt, M. Frey, G. Colombo, R. Riener","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501159","url":null,"abstract":"The rehabilitation robot LOKOMAT has been developed at the Spinal Cord Injury Center of the University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich. It allows automated treadmill training for patients with mobility impairment of the lower limbs. Former position control strategies did not allow voluntary active movements of the patient. This paper presents a new cooperative control architecture for the LOKOMAT that enforces active force contribution of the patient. Based on a dynamic model of the human gait, the patient is supported by an arbitrary percentage of the force required to walk. Online gait event detectors have been developed and implemented since the controller mode changes depending on the gait phase. The new control strategy is highly patient-driven and enables the patient to accomplish free walking movements. Thus, it is expected, that the motivation of the patient can be maximized and the rehabilitation progress accelerated.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132051539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501055
H. Schmidt, F. Piorko, R. Bernhardt, J. Krüger, S. Hesse
Perturbations are an important measure to improve gait training and to investigate the learning success of stroke patients during rehabilitation. This paper describes the development and implementation of algorithms for the synthesis of perturbations during gait training on a robotic walking simulator. The perturbation algorithm performs an automatic on-line adaptation of the robot motion override. Hence, it is independent from the type of motion interpolation which the robot motion is based on. Perturbations we have implemented so far include stumbling, i.e. hitting an obstacle during swing phase, and slipping, i.e. sliding on an obstacle during stance phase. An additional catch-up control algorithm ensures that both feet will regain synchronous motion again after the event The algorithms have been implemented in the control software of the HapticWalker, a programmable footplate based human walking simulator for gait rehabilitation, which we have developed. So far a number of healthy subjects have successfully tested the algorithms on the simulator. Clinical trials will follow.
{"title":"Synthesis of perturbations for gait rehabilitation robots","authors":"H. Schmidt, F. Piorko, R. Bernhardt, J. Krüger, S. Hesse","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501055","url":null,"abstract":"Perturbations are an important measure to improve gait training and to investigate the learning success of stroke patients during rehabilitation. This paper describes the development and implementation of algorithms for the synthesis of perturbations during gait training on a robotic walking simulator. The perturbation algorithm performs an automatic on-line adaptation of the robot motion override. Hence, it is independent from the type of motion interpolation which the robot motion is based on. Perturbations we have implemented so far include stumbling, i.e. hitting an obstacle during swing phase, and slipping, i.e. sliding on an obstacle during stance phase. An additional catch-up control algorithm ensures that both feet will regain synchronous motion again after the event The algorithms have been implemented in the control software of the HapticWalker, a programmable footplate based human walking simulator for gait rehabilitation, which we have developed. So far a number of healthy subjects have successfully tested the algorithms on the simulator. Clinical trials will follow.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129565842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501047
A. Agrawal, S. K. Banala, S. Agrawal, S. Binder-Macleod
An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is commonly used to help subjects with weakness of ankle dorsiflexor muscles due to peripheral or central nervous system disorders. Both these disorders are due to the weakness of the tibialis anterior muscle which results in lack of dorsiflexion assist moment. The deformity and muscle weakness of one joint in the lower extremity influences the stability of the adjacent joints, thereby requiring compensatory adaptations. We present an innovative ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) that was designed to allow two degree-of-freedom motion while serving to maintain proper foot position for subjects. The prototype AFO would introduce greater functionality over currently marketed devices by means of its inversion-eversion degree-of-freedom in addition to flexion/extension. The flexion/extension is controlled with the help of an actuator and inversion/eversion with a spring and a damper.
{"title":"Design of a two degree-of-freedom ankle-foot orthosis for robotic rehabilitation","authors":"A. Agrawal, S. K. Banala, S. Agrawal, S. Binder-Macleod","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501047","url":null,"abstract":"An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is commonly used to help subjects with weakness of ankle dorsiflexor muscles due to peripheral or central nervous system disorders. Both these disorders are due to the weakness of the tibialis anterior muscle which results in lack of dorsiflexion assist moment. The deformity and muscle weakness of one joint in the lower extremity influences the stability of the adjacent joints, thereby requiring compensatory adaptations. We present an innovative ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) that was designed to allow two degree-of-freedom motion while serving to maintain proper foot position for subjects. The prototype AFO would introduce greater functionality over currently marketed devices by means of its inversion-eversion degree-of-freedom in addition to flexion/extension. The flexion/extension is controlled with the help of an actuator and inversion/eversion with a spring and a damper.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132431587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501045
V. Ravichandran, E. Perreault
The strategy the central nervous system utilizes to produce movements in the face of multiple degrees of freedom available has been a subject of study for the past few years. Of the possible mechanisms, the muscle synergies-stereotypical coordinated patterns of muscle activity elicited by dedicated networks have been suggested to be the building blocks. Based on this hypothesis, several algorithms have been proposed to discern these synergies from the recorded electromyographic signals (EMG). In the proposed model, the synergies are treated as filters (IRFs) that take as input any arbitrary non-negative signal. That is, the EMG is seen as a convolution mixture of synergies and corresponding inputs.
{"title":"Estimation of muscle synergies in the presence of arbitrary inputs","authors":"V. Ravichandran, E. Perreault","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501045","url":null,"abstract":"The strategy the central nervous system utilizes to produce movements in the face of multiple degrees of freedom available has been a subject of study for the past few years. Of the possible mechanisms, the muscle synergies-stereotypical coordinated patterns of muscle activity elicited by dedicated networks have been suggested to be the building blocks. Based on this hypothesis, several algorithms have been proposed to discern these synergies from the recorded electromyographic signals (EMG). In the proposed model, the synergies are treated as filters (IRFs) that take as input any arbitrary non-negative signal. That is, the EMG is seen as a convolution mixture of synergies and corresponding inputs.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132451517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501145
G. Romer, H. Stuyt, G. Kramer, M. O'Callaghan, J. Scheffe
User and usability studies, as well as technical analysis, revealed that some aspects of the gripper (end-effector) of the assistive robotic manipulator (ARM) need improvement. This paper proposes, discusses and presents the results of three redesigns of the gripper.
{"title":"Alternative grippers for the assistive robotic manipulator (ARM)","authors":"G. Romer, H. Stuyt, G. Kramer, M. O'Callaghan, J. Scheffe","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501145","url":null,"abstract":"User and usability studies, as well as technical analysis, revealed that some aspects of the gripper (end-effector) of the assistive robotic manipulator (ARM) need improvement. This paper proposes, discusses and presents the results of three redesigns of the gripper.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130310039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501136
C. Scharver, J. Patton, R. Kenyon, E. Kersten
This paper describes targeted reaching experiments conducted using a new augmented reality system. Combining a large-workspace immersive virtual environment with physical force feedback, the system distorted subjects' movements using a viscous curl force field. Following previous experiments using a different robot, half the subjects were constrained to horizontal, planar movements. The remaining subjects performed unconstrained movements throughout the 3D workspace. Examining after-effects as an indication of learning, we found that constrained subjects learned the force field. However, it was difficult to detect whether the unconstrained subjects learned forces of identical magnitude. Our results found that force fields strengths eliciting constrained 2D adaptation have difficulty exhibiting after-effects for unconstrained 3D movements. The increased motor variability for 3D reaching movements requires consideration for future experimental design.
{"title":"Comparing adaptation of constrained and unconstrained movements in three dimensions","authors":"C. Scharver, J. Patton, R. Kenyon, E. Kersten","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501136","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes targeted reaching experiments conducted using a new augmented reality system. Combining a large-workspace immersive virtual environment with physical force feedback, the system distorted subjects' movements using a viscous curl force field. Following previous experiments using a different robot, half the subjects were constrained to horizontal, planar movements. The remaining subjects performed unconstrained movements throughout the 3D workspace. Examining after-effects as an indication of learning, we found that constrained subjects learned the force field. However, it was difficult to detect whether the unconstrained subjects learned forces of identical magnitude. Our results found that force fields strengths eliciting constrained 2D adaptation have difficulty exhibiting after-effects for unconstrained 3D movements. The increased motor variability for 3D reaching movements requires consideration for future experimental design.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129758139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501107
Hyung‐Soon Park, Q. Peng, Li-Qun Zhang
A portable tele-assessment system was developed for remote evaluation of the spastic elbow joint of stroke survivors. The causality-based control architectures were introduced for designing the controllers for the tele-assessment system. Based on causality analysis of the tele-assessment tasks, control architectures were designed to guarantee system stability and to provide the clinician with transparent feeling in the presence of small time delay. The proposed method was verified experimentally on the elbow of healthy subjects. The device was made portable and low cost, which makes it potentially more accessible to patients in remote areas.
{"title":"Causality-based portable control system design for tele-assessment of elbow joint spasticity","authors":"Hyung‐Soon Park, Q. Peng, Li-Qun Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501107","url":null,"abstract":"A portable tele-assessment system was developed for remote evaluation of the spastic elbow joint of stroke survivors. The causality-based control architectures were introduced for designing the controllers for the tele-assessment system. Based on causality analysis of the tele-assessment tasks, control architectures were designed to guarantee system stability and to provide the clinician with transparent feeling in the presence of small time delay. The proposed method was verified experimentally on the elbow of healthy subjects. The device was made portable and low cost, which makes it potentially more accessible to patients in remote areas.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129692426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501102
J. Herder
People with neuromuscular diseases can benefit from devices that assist their motoric capabilities. Different categories can be distinguished for different patient groups, ranging from robotic manipulators to non-powered orthoses. Robotic manipulators can be used by people with virtually no muscle force, whereas non-powered orthoses require at least acceleration and deceleration effort. This paper proposes a hybrid solution, constituting a non-powered orthosis that can be electronically adjusted to varying load. An overview of prototype development would be presented, including the design of linkage, balancer, interface and appearance. A preliminary evaluation with users is also provided.
{"title":"Development of a statically balanced arm support: ARMON","authors":"J. Herder","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501102","url":null,"abstract":"People with neuromuscular diseases can benefit from devices that assist their motoric capabilities. Different categories can be distinguished for different patient groups, ranging from robotic manipulators to non-powered orthoses. Robotic manipulators can be used by people with virtually no muscle force, whereas non-powered orthoses require at least acceleration and deceleration effort. This paper proposes a hybrid solution, constituting a non-powered orthosis that can be electronically adjusted to varying load. An overview of prototype development would be presented, including the design of linkage, balancer, interface and appearance. A preliminary evaluation with users is also provided.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126543388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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