Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501114
Kyong Il Kang, Sanford T. Freedman, Maja J. Matari, Mark J. Cunningham, Becky Lopez
This paper presents a feasibility study of using socially-aware autonomous robots to assist hospitals in reducing the effects of nursing shortages. A hands-off assistive robot is described that provides motivation and support for cardiac patients who must perform regular but painful breathing exercises. Initial validation of the system has garnered positive responses from test subjects and shows that robots have a potential to aid nursing staff in some tasks requiring patient interaction.
{"title":"A hands-off physical therapy assistance robot for cardiac patients","authors":"Kyong Il Kang, Sanford T. Freedman, Maja J. Matari, Mark J. Cunningham, Becky Lopez","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a feasibility study of using socially-aware autonomous robots to assist hospitals in reducing the effects of nursing shortages. A hands-off assistive robot is described that provides motivation and support for cardiac patients who must perform regular but painful breathing exercises. Initial validation of the system has garnered positive responses from test subjects and shows that robots have a potential to aid nursing staff in some tasks requiring patient interaction.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134473528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501089
H. Krebs, B. Volpe, D. Lynch, N. Hogan
In 1991, a novel robot named MIT-MANUS was introduced as a test bed to study the potential of using robots to assist in and quantify the neuro-rehabilitation of motor function. It introduced a new type of therapy, offering a highly backdrivable mechanism with a soft and stable feel for the user. MIT-MANUS proved an excellent fit for the rehabilitation of shoulder and elbow of stroke patients with results in clinical trials showing a reduction of impairment in these joints. Notably, we found a greater reduction in motor impairment in the exercised muscle groups. This suggests a need for additional robots to rehabilitate other targeted joints and different muscle groups. The intent of this paper is to present data that supports the use of multiple robots to deliver focused therapy to different limb segments and joints.
{"title":"Stroke rehabilitation: an argument in favor of a robotic gym","authors":"H. Krebs, B. Volpe, D. Lynch, N. Hogan","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501089","url":null,"abstract":"In 1991, a novel robot named MIT-MANUS was introduced as a test bed to study the potential of using robots to assist in and quantify the neuro-rehabilitation of motor function. It introduced a new type of therapy, offering a highly backdrivable mechanism with a soft and stable feel for the user. MIT-MANUS proved an excellent fit for the rehabilitation of shoulder and elbow of stroke patients with results in clinical trials showing a reduction of impairment in these joints. Notably, we found a greater reduction in motor impairment in the exercised muscle groups. This suggests a need for additional robots to rehabilitate other targeted joints and different muscle groups. The intent of this paper is to present data that supports the use of multiple robots to deliver focused therapy to different limb segments and joints.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128842898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501125
Yukio Saito, Atsuo Ogawa, Hiroshi Negoto, K. Ohnishi
The most favorable electrical prosthetic hands to our patients both in size and in appearance are those that fit to their age and body shape. Particularly, with such patients who have real hand, it is important to conform the size and appearance of electrical prosthetic hands to their healthy hands. It is also important to gather the information about individual hands and to apply it for making the electrical prosthetic hands at their requests. The paper investigates a series of our technological developments of prosthetic hands.
{"title":"Development of intelligent prosthetic hand adapted to age and body shape","authors":"Yukio Saito, Atsuo Ogawa, Hiroshi Negoto, K. Ohnishi","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501125","url":null,"abstract":"The most favorable electrical prosthetic hands to our patients both in size and in appearance are those that fit to their age and body shape. Particularly, with such patients who have real hand, it is important to conform the size and appearance of electrical prosthetic hands to their healthy hands. It is also important to gather the information about individual hands and to apply it for making the electrical prosthetic hands at their requests. The paper investigates a series of our technological developments of prosthetic hands.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132168417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501143
David Feil-Seifer, M. Matarić
This paper defines the research area of socially assistive robotics, focusing on assisting people through social interaction. While much attention has been paid to robots that provide assistance to people through physical contact (which we call contact assistive robotics), and to robots that entertain through social interaction (social interactive robotics), so far there is no clear definition of socially assistive robotics. We summarize active social assistive research projects and classify them by target populations, application domains, and interaction methods. While distinguishing these from socially interactive robotics endeavors, we discuss challenges and opportunities that are specific to the growing field of socially assistive robotics.
{"title":"Defining socially assistive robotics","authors":"David Feil-Seifer, M. Matarić","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501143","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defines the research area of socially assistive robotics, focusing on assisting people through social interaction. While much attention has been paid to robots that provide assistance to people through physical contact (which we call contact assistive robotics), and to robots that entertain through social interaction (social interactive robotics), so far there is no clear definition of socially assistive robotics. We summarize active social assistive research projects and classify them by target populations, application domains, and interaction methods. While distinguishing these from socially interactive robotics endeavors, we discuss challenges and opportunities that are specific to the growing field of socially assistive robotics.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"09 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128269042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501039
A. Khanicheh, Andrew Muto, Christina Triantafyllou, B. Weinberg, L. Astrakas, A. Tzika, C. Mavroidis
This paper presents the design, fabrication and preliminary tests of a novel, one degree of freedom, MR compatible, computer controlled, variable resistance hand device that will be used in fMRI studies of the brain and motor performance during rehabilitation after stroke. The device consists of four major subsystems: a) the electro-rheological fluid (ERF) resistive element; b) the gearbox; c) the handles and d) the sensors: one optical encoder and one force sensor attached to the ERF resistive element's shaft to measure the patient induced motion and force, respectively. A key feature of the device is the use of electro theological fluids (ERF) to achieve resistive force generation. ERFs are fluids that experience dramatic changes in rheological properties, such as viscosity or yield stress, in the presence of an electric field. Using the electrically controlled rheological properties of ERFs, compact resistive elements with an ability to supply high resistive torques in a controllable and tunable fashion, have been developed. Our preliminary tests demonstrate that the device can apply, on a human hand holding the device handles, resistive forces that exceed 150 N. In addition the activated ERF maintain its properties in the magnetic environment without creating degradation of the MR images. The results are encouraging in combining functional magnetic resonance imaging methods, with MR compatible robotic devices for improved effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy.
{"title":"MR compatible ERF driven hand rehabilitation device","authors":"A. Khanicheh, Andrew Muto, Christina Triantafyllou, B. Weinberg, L. Astrakas, A. Tzika, C. Mavroidis","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501039","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design, fabrication and preliminary tests of a novel, one degree of freedom, MR compatible, computer controlled, variable resistance hand device that will be used in fMRI studies of the brain and motor performance during rehabilitation after stroke. The device consists of four major subsystems: a) the electro-rheological fluid (ERF) resistive element; b) the gearbox; c) the handles and d) the sensors: one optical encoder and one force sensor attached to the ERF resistive element's shaft to measure the patient induced motion and force, respectively. A key feature of the device is the use of electro theological fluids (ERF) to achieve resistive force generation. ERFs are fluids that experience dramatic changes in rheological properties, such as viscosity or yield stress, in the presence of an electric field. Using the electrically controlled rheological properties of ERFs, compact resistive elements with an ability to supply high resistive torques in a controllable and tunable fashion, have been developed. Our preliminary tests demonstrate that the device can apply, on a human hand holding the device handles, resistive forces that exceed 150 N. In addition the activated ERF maintain its properties in the magnetic environment without creating degradation of the MR images. The results are encouraging in combining functional magnetic resonance imaging methods, with MR compatible robotic devices for improved effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129063355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501048
M. A. Krutky, E. Perreault
We are investigating whether repetitive training, such as that used during rehabilitation interventions, can induce short term plasticity in the motor pathways controlling the proximal muscles of the human upper-limb. A ballistic, planar whole limb extension training routine has been employed in this study. This study uses transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to quantify user-dependent plasticity in proximal and distal muscles throughout the upper-limb. Previous studies have shown consistent training induced plasticity in distal upper-limb muscles and proximal muscles with altered somatosensory input. This study demonstrates that whole limb motions can generate short term plastic effects in proximal upper-limb muscles, though results have not been consistent.
{"title":"Use dependent plasticity in the corticospinal pathways controlling human arm movement","authors":"M. A. Krutky, E. Perreault","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501048","url":null,"abstract":"We are investigating whether repetitive training, such as that used during rehabilitation interventions, can induce short term plasticity in the motor pathways controlling the proximal muscles of the human upper-limb. A ballistic, planar whole limb extension training routine has been employed in this study. This study uses transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to quantify user-dependent plasticity in proximal and distal muscles throughout the upper-limb. Previous studies have shown consistent training induced plasticity in distal upper-limb muscles and proximal muscles with altered somatosensory input. This study demonstrates that whole limb motions can generate short term plastic effects in proximal upper-limb muscles, though results have not been consistent.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124439118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501103
M. Troncossi, V. Parenti-Castelli, A. Davalli
Due to their restricted mobility, current commercial prosthetic devices for upper limb amputees could be inadequate to satisfactorily rehabilitate patients with the severest injuries, like shoulder-disarticulated patients. The aim of this study is to develop a mechanism which can replicate the function of the missing shoulder joint, increasing the mobility' of the current prosthesis and its overall performance. The mechanical design of the device is highly dependent on the clinical factors of the rehabilitation process: thus an approach which combines both clinical and technical aspects has been used and proposed. This paper summarizes the most significant design steps and describes the most promising solution studied.
{"title":"Mechanical design of a prosthetic shoulder mechanism for upper limb amputees","authors":"M. Troncossi, V. Parenti-Castelli, A. Davalli","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501103","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their restricted mobility, current commercial prosthetic devices for upper limb amputees could be inadequate to satisfactorily rehabilitate patients with the severest injuries, like shoulder-disarticulated patients. The aim of this study is to develop a mechanism which can replicate the function of the missing shoulder joint, increasing the mobility' of the current prosthesis and its overall performance. The mechanical design of the device is highly dependent on the clinical factors of the rehabilitation process: thus an approach which combines both clinical and technical aspects has been used and proposed. This paper summarizes the most significant design steps and describes the most promising solution studied.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122027864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501121
J. Tang, C. Carignan, S. Gattewar
Haptic and visual displays are combined to realize cooperative, force-feedback tasks over the Internet. The operators "exert" forces on a virtual object which in turn generates a set of reaction forces to be displayed on the haptic devices. A novel cooperative control architecture based on wave variables is implemented to realize stable operation in the presence of time delays. The control scheme is validated experimentally for a manipulation task over the Internet using a pair of InMotion2 robots. Preliminary results are also presented for 3D tasks rendered on a head-mounted display equipped with a head tracker for changing viewing angles.
{"title":"Virtual environment for robotic tele-rehabilitation","authors":"J. Tang, C. Carignan, S. Gattewar","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501121","url":null,"abstract":"Haptic and visual displays are combined to realize cooperative, force-feedback tasks over the Internet. The operators \"exert\" forces on a virtual object which in turn generates a set of reaction forces to be displayed on the haptic devices. A novel cooperative control architecture based on wave variables is implemented to realize stable operation in the presence of time delays. The control scheme is validated experimentally for a manipulation task over the Internet using a pair of InMotion2 robots. Preliminary results are also presented for 3D tasks rendered on a head-mounted display equipped with a head tracker for changing viewing angles.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116874108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501040
S. Charles, H. I. Krebs, B. Volpe, D. Lynch, N. Hogan
In 1991, a novel robot named MIT-MANUS was introduced as a test bed to study the potential of using robots to assist in and quantify the neuro-rehabilitation of motor function. It introduced a new brand of therapy, offering a highly backdrivable mechanism with a soft and stable feel for the user. MIT-MANUS proved an excellent fit for shoulder and elbow rehabilitation in stroke patients, showing in clinical trials a reduction of impairment in these joints. The greater reduction in impairment was observed in the group of muscles exercised. This suggests a need for additional robots to rehabilitate other target areas of the body. The focus here is a robot for wrist rehabilitation designed to provide three rotational degrees of freedom. A previous paper at ICORR2003 and its companion book described the basic system design and characterization. In this paper we present clinical results from five (5) stroke patients. A comprehensive review of the wrist robot design, characterization, and initial clinical results are being submitted elsewhere (EEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering).
1991年，一种名为MIT-MANUS的新型机器人被引入作为测试平台，研究使用机器人辅助和量化运动功能的神经康复的潜力。它引入了一种新的治疗品牌，为用户提供了一种柔软稳定的高度反向驱动机制。MIT-MANUS被证明非常适合中风患者的肩部和肘部康复，在临床试验中显示出这些关节损伤的减少。在肌肉锻炼组中观察到损伤的减少更大。这表明需要更多的机器人来修复身体的其他目标区域。这里的重点是一个用于手腕康复的机器人，设计提供三个旋转自由度。ICORR2003上的一篇论文及其配套书籍描述了基本的系统设计和特性。在本文中，我们报告了5例脑卒中患者的临床结果。腕式机器人的设计、表征和初步临床结果的综合综述正在其他地方提交(EEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering)。
{"title":"Wrist rehabilitation following stroke: initial clinical results","authors":"S. Charles, H. I. Krebs, B. Volpe, D. Lynch, N. Hogan","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501040","url":null,"abstract":"In 1991, a novel robot named MIT-MANUS was introduced as a test bed to study the potential of using robots to assist in and quantify the neuro-rehabilitation of motor function. It introduced a new brand of therapy, offering a highly backdrivable mechanism with a soft and stable feel for the user. MIT-MANUS proved an excellent fit for shoulder and elbow rehabilitation in stroke patients, showing in clinical trials a reduction of impairment in these joints. The greater reduction in impairment was observed in the group of muscles exercised. This suggests a need for additional robots to rehabilitate other target areas of the body. The focus here is a robot for wrist rehabilitation designed to provide three rotational degrees of freedom. A previous paper at ICORR2003 and its companion book described the basic system design and characterization. In this paper we present clinical results from five (5) stroke patients. A comprehensive review of the wrist robot design, characterization, and initial clinical results are being submitted elsewhere (EEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering).","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"15 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120986498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-29DOI: 10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501046
J. Liu, J. Emken, Steven C. Cramer, D. Reinkensmeyer
Mechanical guidance is a common technique to teach patients desired movement patterns during motor rehabilitation, but little is known about the motor learning processes involved with this technique. In this study we examined how well unimpaired subjects could learn to trace a novel path after they practiced it with mechanical guidance from a robot. The form of haptic guidance used was a virtual channel that constrained the hand to follow the desired path (a snake-like curve). Subjects substantially improved their ability to trace the path following practice with haptic guidance, relative to their performance following an initial visual demonstration. They slowly improved their performance with more haptic training. However, when asked to reproduce the path repeatedly, their performance degraded over the course of a few trials. The tracing errors were not random, but instead were consistent with a systematic evolution toward another path, as if being drawn to an "attractor path". These results suggest that haptic demonstration can improve short-term performance of a novel desired trajectory. However, in the short term, the motor system is inclined to repeat its mistakes following just a few movements without guidance.
{"title":"Learning to perform a novel movement pattern using haptic guidance: slow learning, rapid forgetting, and attractor paths","authors":"J. Liu, J. Emken, Steven C. Cramer, D. Reinkensmeyer","doi":"10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2005.1501046","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical guidance is a common technique to teach patients desired movement patterns during motor rehabilitation, but little is known about the motor learning processes involved with this technique. In this study we examined how well unimpaired subjects could learn to trace a novel path after they practiced it with mechanical guidance from a robot. The form of haptic guidance used was a virtual channel that constrained the hand to follow the desired path (a snake-like curve). Subjects substantially improved their ability to trace the path following practice with haptic guidance, relative to their performance following an initial visual demonstration. They slowly improved their performance with more haptic training. However, when asked to reproduce the path repeatedly, their performance degraded over the course of a few trials. The tracing errors were not random, but instead were consistent with a systematic evolution toward another path, as if being drawn to an \"attractor path\". These results suggest that haptic demonstration can improve short-term performance of a novel desired trajectory. However, in the short term, the motor system is inclined to repeat its mistakes following just a few movements without guidance.","PeriodicalId":131431,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005.","volume":"348 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115298819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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