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Integrated multiomics revealed adenosine signaling predict immunotherapy response and regulate tumor ecosystem of melanoma 综合多组学揭示腺苷信号转导可预测黑色素瘤的免疫疗法反应并调控肿瘤生态系统
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00651-3
Yantao Xu, Poyee Lau, Xiang Chen, Shuang Zhao, Yi He, Zixi Jiang, Xiang Chen, Guanxiong Zhang, Hong Liu
Extracellular adenosine is extensively involved in regulating the tumor microenvironment. Given the disappointing results of adenosine-targeted therapy trials, personalized treatment might be necessary, tailored to the microenvironment status of individual patients. Here, we introduce the adenosine signaling score (ADO-score) model using non-negative matrix fraction identified patient subtypes using publicly available melanoma dataset, which aimed to profile adenosine signaling-related genes and construct a model to predict prognosis. We analyzed 580 malignant melanoma samples and demonstrated its robust value for prognosis. Further investigation in immune checkpoint inhibitor dataset suggests its potential as a stratified factor of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy. We validated the power of the ADO-score at the protein level immunofluorescence in a melanoma cohort from Xiangya Hospital. More importantly, single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data highlighted the cell-specific expression patterns of adenosine signaling-related genes and the existence of adenosine signaling-mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells in melanoma. Our study reveals a robust connection between adenosine signaling and clinical benefits in melanoma patients and proposes a universally applicable adenosine signaling model, the ADO-score, in gene expression profiles and histological sections. This model enables us to more precisely and conveniently select patients who are likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
细胞外腺苷广泛参与调节肿瘤微环境。鉴于腺苷靶向治疗试验的结果令人失望,可能有必要根据个体患者的微环境状况进行个性化治疗。在此,我们利用公开的黑色素瘤数据集,采用非负矩阵分数识别患者亚型,推出了腺苷信号转导评分(ADO-score)模型,旨在剖析腺苷信号转导相关基因并构建预测预后的模型。我们分析了 580 个恶性黑色素瘤样本,证明了该模型对预后的稳健价值。对免疫检查点抑制剂数据集的进一步研究表明,它有可能成为免疫检查点抑制剂疗效的分层因素。我们在湘雅医院的黑色素瘤队列中验证了ADO-score在蛋白质水平免疫荧光上的作用。更重要的是,单细胞和空间转录组数据强调了腺苷信号相关基因的细胞特异性表达模式,以及黑色素瘤中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞之间存在腺苷信号介导的串扰。我们的研究揭示了腺苷信号转导与黑色素瘤患者临床获益之间的密切联系,并在基因表达谱和组织学切片中提出了一个普遍适用的腺苷信号转导模型--ADO-score。该模型使我们能够更准确、更方便地选择可能从免疫疗法中获益的患者。
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引用次数: 0
Reply to correspondence by Deora et al. in Human Genomics 18, article no.: 52 (2024): critical insights on “Association of the C allele of rs479200 in the EGLN1 gene with COVID‑19 severity in Indian population: a novel finding” 回复 Deora 等人在《人类基因组学》第 18 期上的通信,文章编号:52(2024):关于 "印度人群中 EGLN1 基因中 rs479200 的 C 等位基因与 COVID-19 严重程度的关联:一项新发现 "的重要见解
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00671-z
Piyoosh Kumar Singh, Renuka Harit, Sajal De, Kailash C Pandey, Kapil Vashisht
A reply to the correspondence by Deora et al.- Critical insights on “Association of the C allele of rs479200 in the EGLN1 gene with COVID‑19 severity in Indian population: a novel finding”. The reply contains point-wise rebuttal to the concerns, particularly addressing the epidemiological, statistical, and mathematical issues raised by Deora et al.
对 Deora 等人通信的回复--关于 "印度人群中 EGLN1 基因 rs479200 的 C 等位基因与 COVID-19 严重程度的关联:一项新发现 "的重要见解。该答复包含对有关问题的逐点反驳,特别是针对 Deora 等人提出的流行病学、统计学和数学问题。
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引用次数: 0
Association of novel DNAH11 variants with asthenoteratozoospermia lead to male infertility 新型 DNAH11 变异与无精子症导致男性不育的关系
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00658-w
Senzhao Guo, Dongdong Tang, Yuge Chen, Hui Yu, Meng Gu, Hao Geng, Jiajun Fang, Baoyan Wu, Lewen Ruan, Kuokuo Li, Chuan Xu, Yang Gao, Qing Tan, Zongliu Duan, Huan Wu, Rong Hua, Rui Guo, Zhaolian Wei, Ping Zhou, Yuping Xu, Yunxia Cao, Xiaojin He, Yanwei Sha, Mingrong Lv
Bi-allelic variants in DNAH11 have been identified as causative factors in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, leading to abnormal respiratory cilia. Nonetheless, the specific impact of these variants on human sperm flagellar and their involvement in male infertility remain largely unknown. A collaborative effort involving two Chinese reproductive centers conducted a study with 975 unrelated infertile men. Whole-exome sequencing was employed for variant screening, and Sanger sequencing confirmed the identified variants. Morphological and ultrastructural analyses of sperm were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Western Blot Analysis and Immunofluorescence Analysis were utilized to assess protein levels and localization. ICSI was performed to evaluate its efficacy in achieving favorable pregnancy outcomes for individuals with DNAH11 variants. In this study, we identified seven novel variants in the DNAH11 gene in four asthenoteratozoospermia subjects. These variants led the absence of DNAH11 proteins and ultrastructure defects in sperm flagella, particularly affecting the outer dynein arms (ODAs) and adjacent structures. The levels of ODA protein DNAI2 and axoneme related proteins were down regulated, instead of inner dynein arms (IDA) proteins DNAH1 and DNAH6. Two out of four individuals with DNAH11 variants achieved clinical pregnancies through ICSI. The findings confirm the association between male infertility and bi-allelic deleterious variants in DNAH11, resulting in the aberrant assembly of sperm flagella and contributing to asthenoteratozoospermia. Importantly, ICSI emerges as an effective intervention for overcoming reproductive challenges caused by DNAH11 gene variants.
DNAH11 的双等位基因变异已被确定为原发性纤毛运动障碍的致病因素,会导致呼吸道纤毛异常。然而,这些变异体对人类精子鞭毛的具体影响及其与男性不育的关系在很大程度上仍然未知。中国两家生殖中心合作开展了一项研究,研究对象是975名无血缘关系的不育男性。研究采用了全外显子组测序法进行变异筛选,并通过桑格测序法确认了所发现的变异。使用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对精子进行了形态学和超微结构分析。利用 Western 印迹分析和免疫荧光分析评估蛋白质水平和定位。进行了卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(ICSI),以评估其对 DNAH11 变体个体获得良好妊娠结果的有效性。在这项研究中,我们在四名无精子症患者中发现了 DNAH11 基因的七个新变体。这些变异导致了精子鞭毛中DNAH11蛋白的缺失和超微结构缺陷,尤其影响了精子的外动力臂(ODA)和邻近结构。外动力臂蛋白DNAI2和轴丝相关蛋白的水平被下调,而内动力臂(IDA)蛋白DNAH1和DNAH6的水平被下调。四名DNAH11变异者中有两人通过卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(ICSI)成功怀孕。研究结果证实,男性不育与DNAH11的双等位基因有害变异有关,这些变异会导致精子鞭毛的异常组装,造成无精子症。重要的是,卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(ICSI)是克服DNAH11基因变异导致的生殖难题的有效干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of family structure on the still-missing heritability and genomic prediction accuracy of type 2 diabetes 家庭结构对 2 型糖尿病遗传率和基因组预测准确性的影响
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00669-7
Mahmoud Amiri Roudbar, Seyed Milad Vahedi, Jin Jin, Mina Jahangiri, Hossein Lanjanian, Danial Habibi, Sajedeh Masjoudi, Parisa Riahi, Sahand Tehrani Fateh, Farideh Neshati, Asiyeh Sadat Zahedi, Maryam Moazzam-Jazi, Leila Najd-Hassan-Bonab, Seyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi, Sara Asgarian, Maryam Zarkesh, Mohammad Reza Moghaddas, Albert Tenesa, Anoshirvan Kazemnejad, Hassan Vahidnezhad, Hakon Hakonarson, Fereidoun Azizi, Mehdi Hedayati, Maryam Sadat Daneshpour, Mahdi Akbarzadeh
This study aims to assess the effect of familial structures on the still-missing heritability estimate and prediction accuracy of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) using pedigree estimated risk values (ERV) and genomic ERV. We used 11,818 individuals (T2D cases: 2,210) with genotype (649,932 SNPs) and pedigree information from the ongoing periodic cohort study of the Iranian population project. We considered three different familial structure scenarios, including (i) all families, (ii) all families with ≥ 1 generation, and (iii) families with ≥ 1 generation in which both case and control individuals are presented. Comprehensive simulation strategies were implemented to quantify the difference between estimates of $$:{text{h}}^{2}$$ and $$:{text{h}}_{text{S}text{N}text{P}}^{2}$$ . A proportion of still-missing heritability in T2D could be explained by overestimation of pedigree-based heritability due to the presence of families with individuals having only one of the two disease statuses. Our research findings underscore the significance of including families with only case/control individuals in cohort studies. The presence of such family structures (as observed in scenarios i and ii) contributes to a more accurate estimation of disease heritability, addressing the underestimation that was previously overlooked in prior research. However, when predicting disease risk, the absence of these families (as seen in scenario iii) can yield the highest prediction accuracy and the strongest correlation with Polygenic Risk Scores. Our findings represent the first evidence of the important contribution of familial structure for heritability estimations and genomic prediction studies in T2D.
本研究旨在利用血统估计风险值 (ERV) 和基因组 ERV 评估家族结构对尚缺的遗传率估计和 2 型糖尿病(T2D)预测准确性的影响。我们使用了伊朗人口项目定期队列研究中的 11,818 个个体(T2D 病例:2,210 个)的基因型(649,932 个 SNPs)和血统信息。我们考虑了三种不同的家族结构情况,包括:(i) 所有家族;(ii) ≥ 1 代的所有家族;(iii) ≥ 1 代的家族,其中病例和对照个体均有出现。采用综合模拟策略来量化 $$:{text{h}}^{2}$ 和 $$:{text{h}}_{text{S}text{N}text{P}}^{2}$ 估计值之间的差异。T2D中仍有一部分缺失的遗传率可以解释为,由于存在个体仅患有两种疾病中的一种的家族,基于血统的遗传率被高估了。我们的研究结果强调了在队列研究中纳入仅有病例/对照个体的家庭的重要性。这种家庭结构的存在(如在情况 i 和 ii 中观察到的那样)有助于更准确地估计疾病遗传率,解决以往研究中忽视的低估问题。然而,在预测疾病风险时,如果不存在这些家族结构(如情况 iii 所示),则预测准确性最高,与多基因风险评分的相关性也最强。我们的研究结果首次证明了家族结构对 T2D 遗传率估计和基因组预测研究的重要贡献。
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引用次数: 0
AI-derived comparative assessment of the performance of pathogenicity prediction tools on missense variants of breast cancer genes 对乳腺癌基因错义变异致病性预测工具性能的人工智能比较评估
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00667-9
Rahaf M. Ahmad, Bassam R. Ali, Fatma Al-Jasmi, Noura Al Dhaheri, Saeed Al Turki, Praseetha Kizhakkedath, Mohd Saberi Mohamad
Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) can exert substantial and extremely variable impacts on various cellular functions, making accurate predictions of their consequences challenging, albeit crucial especially in clinical settings such as in oncology. Laboratory-based experimental methods for assessing these effects are time-consuming and often impractical, highlighting the importance of in-silico tools for variant impact prediction. However, the performance metrics of currently available tools on breast cancer missense variants from benchmarking databases have not been thoroughly investigated, creating a knowledge gap in the accurate prediction of pathogenicity. In this study, the benchmarking datasets ClinVar and HGMD were used to evaluate 21 Artificial Intelligence (AI)-derived in-silico tools. Missense variants in breast cancer genes were extracted from ClinVar and HGMD professional v2023.1. The HGMD dataset focused on pathogenic variants only, to ensure balance, benign variants for the same genes were included from the ClinVar database. Interestingly, our analysis of both datasets revealed variants across genes with varying penetrance levels like low and moderate in addition to high, reinforcing the value of disease-specific tools. The top-performing tools on ClinVar dataset identified were MutPred (Accuracy = 0.73), Meta-RNN (Accuracy = 0.72), ClinPred (Accuracy = 0.71), Meta-SVM, REVEL, and Fathmm-XF (Accuracy = 0.70). While on HGMD dataset they were ClinPred (Accuracy = 0.72), MetaRNN (Accuracy = 0.71), CADD (Accuracy = 0.69), Fathmm-MKL (Accuracy = 0.68), and Fathmm-XF (Accuracy = 0.67). These findings offer clinicians and researchers valuable insights for selecting, improving, and developing effective in-silico tools for breast cancer pathogenicity prediction. Bridging this knowledge gap contributes to advancing precision medicine and enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for breast cancer patients with potential implications for other conditions.
单核苷酸变异(SNVs)可对各种细胞功能产生巨大且极其多变的影响,因此准确预测其后果具有挑战性,尽管这在肿瘤学等临床环境中至关重要。评估这些影响的实验室实验方法既耗时又不切实际,这凸显了用于变异影响预测的室内工具的重要性。然而,目前可用的工具对基准数据库中乳腺癌错义变异的性能指标尚未进行深入研究,这就造成了准确预测致病性方面的知识空白。本研究利用基准数据集 ClinVar 和 HGMD 评估了 21 种人工智能(AI)衍生的硅内工具。乳腺癌基因中的错义变异是从 ClinVar 和 HGMD professional v2023.1 中提取的。HGMD 数据集只关注致病变异,为确保平衡,ClinVar 数据库中也包含了相同基因的良性变异。有趣的是,我们对这两个数据集的分析都发现了不同基因的变异,除高穿透性外,还有低穿透性和中穿透性等不同程度的穿透性,这加强了特定疾病工具的价值。在 ClinVar 数据集上表现最好的工具是 MutPred(准确率为 0.73)、Meta-RNN(准确率为 0.72)、ClinPred(准确率为 0.71)、Meta-SVM、REVEL 和 Fathmm-XF(准确率为 0.70)。而在 HGMD 数据集上,它们分别是 ClinPred(准确率 = 0.72)、MetaRNN(准确率 = 0.71)、CADD(准确率 = 0.69)、Fathmm-MKL(准确率 = 0.68)和 Fathmm-XF(准确率 = 0.67)。这些发现为临床医生和研究人员选择、改进和开发有效的乳腺癌致病性预测硅内工具提供了宝贵的见解。弥合这一知识鸿沟有助于推进精准医疗,加强乳腺癌患者的诊断和治疗方法,对其他疾病也有潜在的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-regional genomic and transcriptomic characterization of a melanoma-associated oral cavity cancer provide evidence for CASP8 alteration-mediated field cancerization. 黑色素瘤相关口腔癌的多区域基因组和转录组特征分析为 CASP8 改变介导的野外癌化提供了证据。
IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00668-8
Shouvik Chakravarty, Arnab Ghosh, Chitrarpita Das, Subrata Das, Subrata Patra, Arindam Maitra, Sandip Ghose, Nidhan K Biswas

Background: Precancerous and malignant tumours arise within the oral cavity from a predisposed "field" of epithelial cells upon exposure to carcinogenic stimulus. This phenomenon is known as "Field Cancerization". The molecular genomic and transcriptomic alterations that lead to field cancerization and tumour progression is unknown in Indian Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.

Methods: We have performed whole exome sequencing, copy-number variation array and whole transcriptome sequencing from five tumours and dysplastic lesions (sampled from distinct anatomical subsites - one each from buccal anterior and posterior alveolus, dorsum of tongue-mucosal melanoma, lip and left buccal mucosa) and blood from a rare OSCC patient with field cancerization.

Results: A missense CASP8 gene mutation (p.S375F) was observed to be the initiating event in oral tumour field development. APOBEC mutation signatures, arm-level copy number alterations, depletion of CD8 + T cells and activated NK cells and enrichment of pro-inflammatory mast cells were features of early-originating tumours. Pharmacological inhibition of CASP8 protein in a CASP8-wild type OSCC cell line showed enhanced levels of cellular migration and viability.

Conclusion: CASP8 alterations are the earliest driving events in oral field carcinogenesis, whereas additional somatic mutational, copy number and transcriptomic alterations ultimately lead to OSCC tumour formation and progression.

背景:口腔内的癌前病变和恶性肿瘤是在暴露于致癌刺激时,由上皮细胞的 "场 "产生的。这种现象被称为 "场癌变"。在印度口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)患者中,导致场癌化和肿瘤进展的分子基因组和转录组改变尚不清楚:我们对五例肿瘤和发育不良病变(取样于不同的解剖亚部位--口腔前后肺泡、舌背粘膜黑色素瘤、唇部和左侧口腔粘膜各一例)以及一名罕见的OSCC患者的血液进行了全外显子组测序、拷贝数变异阵列和全转录组测序:结果:观察到错义 CASP8 基因突变(p.S375F)是口腔瘤场发展的起始事件。APOBEC突变特征、臂水平拷贝数改变、CD8 + T细胞和活化的NK细胞耗竭以及促炎肥大细胞富集是早期起源肿瘤的特征。在CASP8野生型OSCC细胞系中对CASP8蛋白进行药理抑制,结果显示细胞迁移和存活率均有所提高:结论:CASP8改变是口腔领域癌变的最早驱动事件,而其他体细胞突变、拷贝数和转录组改变最终会导致OSCC肿瘤的形成和进展。
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引用次数: 0
Chromosome 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome with microcephaly and Dandy-Walker malformation spectrum: expanding the known phenotype. 染色体 16p11.2 微缺失综合征伴小头畸形和 Dandy-Walker 畸形谱系:扩展已知表型。
IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00662-0
Liena Elbaghir Omer Elsayed, Norah Ayed AlHarbi, Ashwaq Mohammed Alqarni, Huda Hussein Elwasila Eltayeb, Noura Mostafa Mohamed Mostafa, Maha Mohammed Abdulrahim, Hadeel Ibrahim Bin Zaid, Latifah Mansour Alanzi, Sarah Abdullah Ababtain, Khawlah Aldulaijan, Sheka Yagub Aloyouni, Moneeb Abdullah Kassem Othman, Mohammad Abdullah Alkheilewi, Adel Mohammed Binduraihem, Hadeel Abdollah Alrukban, Hiba Yousif Ahmed, Faten Abdullah AlRadini, Hadil Mohammad Alahdal, Aziza Mufareh Mushiba, Omaima Abdulazeem Alzaher

Background: Chromosome 16p11.2 deletions and duplications were found to be the second most common copy number variation (CNV) reported in cases with clinical presentation suggestive of chromosomal syndromes. Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome shows remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity with a wide variability of presentation extending from normal development and cognition to severe phenotypes. The clinical spectrum ranges from neurocognitive and global developmental delay (GDD), intellectual disability, and language defects (dysarthria /apraxia) to neuropsychiatric and autism spectrum disorders. Other presentations include dysmorphic features, congenital malformations, insulin resistance, and a tendency for obesity. Our study aims to narrow the gap of knowledge in Saudi Arabia and the Middle Eastern and Northern African (MENA) region about genetic disorders, particularly CNV-associated disorders. Despite their rarity, genetic studies in the MENA region revealed high potential with remarkable genetic and phenotypic novelty.

Results: We identified a heterozygous de novo recurrent proximal chromosome 16p11.2 microdeletion by microarray (arr[GRCh38]16p11.2(29555974_30166595)x1) [(arr[GRCh37]16p11.2(29567295_30177916)x1)] and confirmed by whole exome sequencing (arr[GRCh37]16p11.2(29635211_30199850)x1). We report a Saudi girl with severe motor and cognitive disability, myoclonic epilepsy, deafness, and visual impairment carrying the above-described deletion. Our study broadens the known phenotypic spectrum associated with recurrent proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome to include developmental dysplasia of the hip, optic atrophy, and a flat retina. Notably, the patient exhibited a rare combination of microcephaly, features consistent with the Dandy-Walker spectrum, and a thin corpus callosum (TCC), which are extremely infrequent presentations in patients with the 16p11.2 microdeletion. Additionally, the patient displayed areas of skin and hair hypopigmentation, attributed to a homozygous hypomorphic allele in the TYR gene.

Conclusion: This report expands on the clinical phenotype associated with proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome, highlighting the potential of genetic research in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region. It underscores the importance of similar future studies.

背景:研究发现,在临床表现提示染色体综合征的病例中,染色体 16p11.2 缺失和重复是第二常见的拷贝数变异(CNV)。染色体 16p11.2 缺失综合征表现出显著的表型异质性,从正常发育和认知能力到严重表型,表现形式差异很大。临床表现范围从神经认知和全面发育迟缓(GDD)、智力障碍、语言缺陷(构音障碍/语障)到神经精神障碍和自闭症谱系障碍。其他表现还包括畸形特征、先天畸形、胰岛素抵抗和肥胖倾向。我们的研究旨在缩小沙特阿拉伯及中东和北非地区对遗传性疾病,尤其是 CNV 相关疾病的认识差距。尽管罕见,但中东和北非地区的遗传研究揭示了遗传和表型新颖的巨大潜力:结果:我们通过微阵列(arr[GRCh38]16p11.2(29555974_30166595)x1)[(arr[GRCh37]16p11.2(29567295_30177916)x1)]发现了一个杂合的新发复发性近端染色体 16p11.2 微缺失,并通过全外显子组测序(arr[GRCh37]16p11.2(29635211_30199850)x1)得到证实。我们报告了一名患有严重运动和认知障碍、肌阵挛癫痫、耳聋和视力障碍的沙特女孩,她携带上述缺失。我们的研究拓宽了与复发性近端 16p11.2 微缺失综合征相关的已知表型谱,包括髋关节发育不良、视神经萎缩和视网膜扁平。值得注意的是,该患者表现出罕见的小头畸形、与丹迪-沃克谱系一致的特征和薄胼胝体(TCC),这在 16p11.2 微缺失患者中极为罕见。此外,该患者的皮肤和毛发有色素沉着区,这归因于 TYR 基因中的同卵低效等位基因:本报告扩展了与近端 16p11.2 微缺失综合征相关的临床表型,凸显了沙特阿拉伯和中东及北非地区基因研究的潜力。它强调了未来类似研究的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The T-cell repertoire of Spanish patients with COVID-19 as a strategy to link T-cell characteristics to the severity of the disease. 将西班牙 COVID-19 患者的 T 细胞复合物作为将 T 细胞特征与疾病严重程度联系起来的一种策略。
IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00654-0
Fernando Marín-Benesiu, Lucia Chica-Redecillas, Verónica Arenas-Rodríguez, Esperanza de Santiago, Silvia Martínez-Diz, Ginesa López-Torres, Ana Isabel Cortés-Valverde, Catalina Romero-Cachinero, Carmen Entrala-Bernal, Francisco Javier Fernandez-Rosado, Luis Javier Martínez-González, Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero

Background: The architecture and dynamics of T cell populations are critical in orchestrating the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. In our study, we used T Cell Receptor sequencing (TCRseq) to investigate TCR repertoires in 173 post-infection COVID-19 patients.

Methods: The cohort included 98 mild and 75 severe cases with a median age of 53. We amplified and sequenced the TCR β chain Complementary Determining Region 3 (CDR3b) and performed bioinformatic analyses to assess repertoire diversity, clonality, and V/J allelic usage between age, sex and severity groups. CDR3b amino acid sequence inference was performed by clustering structural motifs and filtering validated reactive CDR3b to COVID-19.

Results: Our results revealed a pronounced decrease in diversity and an increase in clonal expansion in the TCR repertoires of severe COVID-19 patients younger than 55 years old. These results reflect the observed trends in patients older than 55 years old (both mild and severe). In addition, we identified a significant reduction in the usage of key V alleles (TRBV14, TRBV19, TRBV15 and TRBV6-4) associated with disease severity. Notably, severe patients under 55 years old had allelic patterns that resemble those over 55 years old, accompanied by a skewed frequency of COVID-19-related motifs.

Conclusions: Present results suggest that severe patients younger than 55 may have a compromised TCR repertoire contributing to a worse disease outcome.

背景:T细胞群的结构和动态对于协调对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应至关重要。在我们的研究中,我们使用 T 细胞受体测序(TCRseq)研究了 173 例感染后 COVID-19 患者的 TCR 重排:队列包括 98 例轻度病例和 75 例重度病例,中位年龄为 53 岁。我们对 TCR β 链互补决定区 3(CDR3b)进行了扩增和测序,并进行了生物信息学分析,以评估不同年龄、性别和严重程度组间的基因组多样性、克隆性和 V/J 等位基因使用情况。CDR3b氨基酸序列推断是通过对结构基元进行聚类,并将有效的反应性CDR3b筛选到COVID-19中进行的:结果:我们的研究结果表明,在 55 岁以下的 COVID-19 重症患者的 TCR 反应序列中,多样性明显减少,克隆扩增增加。这些结果反映了在 55 岁以上患者(包括轻度和重度患者)中观察到的趋势。此外,我们还发现与疾病严重程度相关的关键 V 等位基因(TRBV14、TRBV19、TRBV15 和 TRBV6-4)的使用率显著降低。值得注意的是,55 岁以下的重症患者的等位基因模式与 55 岁以上的患者相似,伴有 COVID-19 相关基序频率的偏斜:目前的研究结果表明,55 岁以下的重症患者的 TCR 反应谱可能受到影响,从而导致病情恶化。
{"title":"The T-cell repertoire of Spanish patients with COVID-19 as a strategy to link T-cell characteristics to the severity of the disease.","authors":"Fernando Marín-Benesiu, Lucia Chica-Redecillas, Verónica Arenas-Rodríguez, Esperanza de Santiago, Silvia Martínez-Diz, Ginesa López-Torres, Ana Isabel Cortés-Valverde, Catalina Romero-Cachinero, Carmen Entrala-Bernal, Francisco Javier Fernandez-Rosado, Luis Javier Martínez-González, Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero","doi":"10.1186/s40246-024-00654-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40246-024-00654-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The architecture and dynamics of T cell populations are critical in orchestrating the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. In our study, we used T Cell Receptor sequencing (TCRseq) to investigate TCR repertoires in 173 post-infection COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort included 98 mild and 75 severe cases with a median age of 53. We amplified and sequenced the TCR β chain Complementary Determining Region 3 (CDR3b) and performed bioinformatic analyses to assess repertoire diversity, clonality, and V/J allelic usage between age, sex and severity groups. CDR3b amino acid sequence inference was performed by clustering structural motifs and filtering validated reactive CDR3b to COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed a pronounced decrease in diversity and an increase in clonal expansion in the TCR repertoires of severe COVID-19 patients younger than 55 years old. These results reflect the observed trends in patients older than 55 years old (both mild and severe). In addition, we identified a significant reduction in the usage of key V alleles (TRBV14, TRBV19, TRBV15 and TRBV6-4) associated with disease severity. Notably, severe patients under 55 years old had allelic patterns that resemble those over 55 years old, accompanied by a skewed frequency of COVID-19-related motifs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Present results suggest that severe patients younger than 55 may have a compromised TCR repertoire contributing to a worse disease outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":13183,"journal":{"name":"Human Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterizing PFAS hazards and risks: a human population-based in vitro cardiotoxicity assessment strategy. 表征全氟辛烷磺酸的危害和风险:基于人群的体外心脏毒性评估战略。
IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00665-x
Lucie C Ford, Hsing-Chieh Lin, Yi-Hui Zhou, Fred A Wright, Vijay K Gombar, Alexander Sedykh, Ruchir R Shah, Weihsueh A Chiu, Ivan Rusyn

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants of concern because of their wide use, persistence, and potential to be hazardous to both humans and the environment. Several PFAS have been designated as substances of concern; however, most PFAS in commerce lack toxicology and exposure data to evaluate their potential hazards and risks. Cardiotoxicity has been identified as a likely human health concern, and cell-based assays are the most sensible approach for screening and prioritization of PFAS. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are a widely used method to test for cardiotoxicity, and recent studies showed that many PFAS affect these cells. Because iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are available from different donors, they also can be used to quantify human variability in responses to PFAS. The primary objective of this study was to characterize potential human cardiotoxic hazard, risk, and inter-individual variability in responses to PFAS. A total of 56 PFAS from different subclasses were tested in concentration-response using human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from 16 donors without known heart disease. Kinetic calcium flux and high-content imaging were used to evaluate biologically-relevant phenotypes such as beat frequency, repolarization, and cytotoxicity. Of the tested PFAS, 46 showed concentration-response effects in at least one phenotype and donor; however, a wide range of sensitivities were observed across donors. Inter-individual variability in the effects could be quantified for 19 PFAS, and risk characterization could be performed for 20 PFAS based on available exposure information. For most tested PFAS, toxicodynamic variability was within a factor of 10 and the margins of exposure were above 100. This study identified PFAS that may pose cardiotoxicity risk and have high inter-individual variability. It also demonstrated the feasibility of using a population-based human in vitro method to quantify population variability and identify cardiotoxicity risks of emerging contaminants.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)因其广泛使用、持久性以及对人类和环境的潜在危害而成为新出现的污染物。有几种全氟辛烷磺酸已被指定为关注物质;然而,商业中的大多数全氟辛烷磺酸都缺乏毒理学和暴露数据来评估其潜在危害和风险。心脏毒性已被确定为可能对人类健康造成危害的一种物质,而基于细胞的检测方法是筛选全氟辛烷磺酸并确定其优先次序的最合理方法。人类诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)衍生的心肌细胞是一种广泛用于检测心脏毒性的方法,最近的研究表明,许多 PFAS 会影响这些细胞。由于 iPSC 衍生的心肌细胞来自不同的供体,因此也可用于量化人类对 PFAS 反应的差异性。本研究的主要目的是描述人类对 PFAS 的潜在心脏毒性危害、风险和个体间反应的差异性。研究人员使用来自 16 名无已知心脏病的供体的人类 iPSC 衍生心肌细胞,对不同亚类的共 56 种 PFAS 进行了浓度反应测试。采用动力学钙通量和高含量成像技术来评估生物相关表型,如搏动频率、再极化和细胞毒性。在接受测试的全氟辛烷磺酸中,有 46 种至少在一种表型和供体中显示出浓度反应效应;不过,在不同供体中观察到的敏感性差异很大。可以对 19 种 PFAS 的个体间效应差异进行量化,并根据现有的暴露信息对 20 种 PFAS 进行风险定性。对于大多数受测的全氟辛烷磺酸来说,毒效学变异性在 10 倍以内,而暴露的边际值在 100 以上。这项研究确定了可能具有心脏毒性风险且个体间差异较大的 PFAS。它还证明了使用基于人群的人体体外方法来量化人群变异性和确定新出现污染物的心脏毒性风险的可行性。
{"title":"Characterizing PFAS hazards and risks: a human population-based in vitro cardiotoxicity assessment strategy.","authors":"Lucie C Ford, Hsing-Chieh Lin, Yi-Hui Zhou, Fred A Wright, Vijay K Gombar, Alexander Sedykh, Ruchir R Shah, Weihsueh A Chiu, Ivan Rusyn","doi":"10.1186/s40246-024-00665-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40246-024-00665-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants of concern because of their wide use, persistence, and potential to be hazardous to both humans and the environment. Several PFAS have been designated as substances of concern; however, most PFAS in commerce lack toxicology and exposure data to evaluate their potential hazards and risks. Cardiotoxicity has been identified as a likely human health concern, and cell-based assays are the most sensible approach for screening and prioritization of PFAS. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are a widely used method to test for cardiotoxicity, and recent studies showed that many PFAS affect these cells. Because iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are available from different donors, they also can be used to quantify human variability in responses to PFAS. The primary objective of this study was to characterize potential human cardiotoxic hazard, risk, and inter-individual variability in responses to PFAS. A total of 56 PFAS from different subclasses were tested in concentration-response using human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from 16 donors without known heart disease. Kinetic calcium flux and high-content imaging were used to evaluate biologically-relevant phenotypes such as beat frequency, repolarization, and cytotoxicity. Of the tested PFAS, 46 showed concentration-response effects in at least one phenotype and donor; however, a wide range of sensitivities were observed across donors. Inter-individual variability in the effects could be quantified for 19 PFAS, and risk characterization could be performed for 20 PFAS based on available exposure information. For most tested PFAS, toxicodynamic variability was within a factor of 10 and the margins of exposure were above 100. This study identified PFAS that may pose cardiotoxicity risk and have high inter-individual variability. It also demonstrated the feasibility of using a population-based human in vitro method to quantify population variability and identify cardiotoxicity risks of emerging contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":13183,"journal":{"name":"Human Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polygenic risk score portability for common diseases across genetically diverse populations. 不同基因人群常见疾病的多基因风险评分可移植性。
IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00664-y
Sonia Moreno-Grau, Manvi Vernekar, Arturo Lopez-Pineda, Daniel Mas-Montserrat, Míriam Barrabés, Consuelo D Quinto-Cortés, Babak Moatamed, Ming Ta Michael Lee, Zhenning Yu, Kensuke Numakura, Yuta Matsuda, Jeffrey D Wall, Alexander G Ioannidis, Nicholas Katsanis, Tomohiro Takano, Carlos D Bustamante

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from European individuals have reduced portability across global populations, limiting their clinical implementation at worldwide scale. Here, we investigate the performance of a wide range of PRS models across four ancestry groups (Africans, Europeans, East Asians, and South Asians) for 14 conditions of high-medical interest.

Methods: To select the best-performing model per trait, we first compared PRS performances for publicly available scores, and constructed new models using different methods (LDpred2, PRS-CSx and SNPnet). We used 285 K European individuals from the UK Biobank (UKBB) for training and 18 K, including diverse ancestries, for testing. We then evaluated PRS portability for the best models in Europeans and compared their accuracies with respect to the best PRS per ancestry. Finally, we validated the selected PRS models using an independent set of 8,417 individuals from Biobank of the Americas-Genomelink (BbofA-GL); and performed a PRS-Phewas.

Results: We confirmed a decay in PRS performances relative to Europeans when the evaluation was conducted using the best-PRS model for Europeans (51.3% for South Asians, 46.6% for East Asians and 39.4% for Africans). We observed an improvement in the PRS performances when specifically selecting ancestry specific PRS models (phenotype variance increase: 1.62 for Africans, 1.40 for South Asians and 0.96 for East Asians). Additionally, when we selected the optimal model conditional on ancestry for CAD, HDL-C and LDL-C, hypertension, hypothyroidism and T2D, PRS performance for studied populations was more comparable to what was observed in Europeans. Finally, we were able to independently validate tested models for Europeans, and conducted a PRS-Phewas, identifying cross-trait interplay between cardiometabolic conditions, and between immune-mediated components.

Conclusion: Our work comprehensively evaluated PRS accuracy across a wide range of phenotypes, reducing the uncertainty with respect to which PRS model to choose and in which ancestry group. This evaluation has let us identify specific conditions where implementing risk-prioritization strategies could have practical utility across diverse ancestral groups, contributing to democratizing the implementation of PRS.

背景:源自欧洲人的多基因风险评分(PRS)在全球人群中的可移植性较差,限制了其在全球范围内的临床应用。在此,我们研究了四个祖先群体(非洲人、欧洲人、东亚人和南亚人)的各种多基因风险评分模型在 14 种具有高度医学意义的疾病中的表现:为了选出每个性状中表现最好的模型,我们首先比较了公开分数的 PRS 表现,并使用不同的方法(LDpred2、PRS-CSx 和 SNPnet)构建了新模型。我们使用英国生物库 (UKBB) 中的 285 K 个欧洲人进行训练,并使用 18 K 个欧洲人(包括不同的祖先)进行测试。然后,我们评估了欧洲人最佳模型的 PRS 可移植性,并将其准确性与每个祖先的最佳 PRS 进行了比较。最后,我们使用来自美洲基因组链接生物库(BbofA-GL)的 8417 个独立个体验证了所选的 PRS 模型,并进行了 PRS-Phewas 分析:当使用欧洲人的最佳 PRS 模型进行评估时,我们证实相对于欧洲人的 PRS 性能有所下降(南亚人 51.3%,东亚人 46.6%,非洲人 39.4%)。我们观察到,在特别选择特定祖先的 PRS 模型时,PRS 的性能有所提高(表型方差增加:非洲人增加 1.62,南亚人增加 1.40,东亚人增加 0.96)。此外,当我们为 CAD、HDL-C 和 LDL-C、高血压、甲状腺机能减退和 T2D 选择了以血统为条件的最佳模型时,研究人群的 PRS 表现与在欧洲人中观察到的表现更为相似。最后,我们对欧洲人的测试模型进行了独立验证,并进行了 PRS-Phewas,确定了心血管代谢条件之间以及免疫介导成分之间的跨性状相互作用:我们的工作全面评估了各种表型的 PRS 准确性,减少了选择哪种 PRS 模型和哪个祖先群体的不确定性。这项评估让我们确定了在哪些特定条件下实施风险优先策略对不同的祖先群体具有实际效用,从而为 PRS 的民主化实施做出了贡献。
{"title":"Polygenic risk score portability for common diseases across genetically diverse populations.","authors":"Sonia Moreno-Grau, Manvi Vernekar, Arturo Lopez-Pineda, Daniel Mas-Montserrat, Míriam Barrabés, Consuelo D Quinto-Cortés, Babak Moatamed, Ming Ta Michael Lee, Zhenning Yu, Kensuke Numakura, Yuta Matsuda, Jeffrey D Wall, Alexander G Ioannidis, Nicholas Katsanis, Tomohiro Takano, Carlos D Bustamante","doi":"10.1186/s40246-024-00664-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40246-024-00664-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from European individuals have reduced portability across global populations, limiting their clinical implementation at worldwide scale. Here, we investigate the performance of a wide range of PRS models across four ancestry groups (Africans, Europeans, East Asians, and South Asians) for 14 conditions of high-medical interest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To select the best-performing model per trait, we first compared PRS performances for publicly available scores, and constructed new models using different methods (LDpred2, PRS-CSx and SNPnet). We used 285 K European individuals from the UK Biobank (UKBB) for training and 18 K, including diverse ancestries, for testing. We then evaluated PRS portability for the best models in Europeans and compared their accuracies with respect to the best PRS per ancestry. Finally, we validated the selected PRS models using an independent set of 8,417 individuals from Biobank of the Americas-Genomelink (BbofA-GL); and performed a PRS-Phewas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We confirmed a decay in PRS performances relative to Europeans when the evaluation was conducted using the best-PRS model for Europeans (51.3% for South Asians, 46.6% for East Asians and 39.4% for Africans). We observed an improvement in the PRS performances when specifically selecting ancestry specific PRS models (phenotype variance increase: 1.62 for Africans, 1.40 for South Asians and 0.96 for East Asians). Additionally, when we selected the optimal model conditional on ancestry for CAD, HDL-C and LDL-C, hypertension, hypothyroidism and T2D, PRS performance for studied populations was more comparable to what was observed in Europeans. Finally, we were able to independently validate tested models for Europeans, and conducted a PRS-Phewas, identifying cross-trait interplay between cardiometabolic conditions, and between immune-mediated components.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our work comprehensively evaluated PRS accuracy across a wide range of phenotypes, reducing the uncertainty with respect to which PRS model to choose and in which ancestry group. This evaluation has let us identify specific conditions where implementing risk-prioritization strategies could have practical utility across diverse ancestral groups, contributing to democratizing the implementation of PRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13183,"journal":{"name":"Human Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Human Genomics
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