Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation最新文献

Objectives: Meteorin-like peptide (Metrnl), the newly discovered adipokines involves in glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential predictors of Metrnl by emphasizing the Irisin, glycemic indices, and lipid profile biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 32 obese types 2 diabetic patients, 31 healthy obese, and 30 healthy normal weight people between August 2020 and March 2021. Serum Metrnl and Irisin, fasting blood glucose (FBS), fasting insulin (FI), fasting insulin (FI), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), HbA_1c and eAG levels were measured in a standard manner. To assay insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative check index (QUICKI) model were used. Quantile regression analysis with the backward elimination method was used to explore predictors. The significant level was defined as p<0.05.

Results: Between variables entered into the model, only the group item showed to be the main predictor of Metrnl in type 2 diabetic patients. Besides, the serum level of Irisin was lower in diabetic patients, and a significant difference was detected between obese diabetic patients and the normal weight group (p=0.024).

Conclusions: Given the multi-causality of diabetes and also the possible therapeutic role of Metrnl in the management of type 2 diabetic patients' abnormalities, designing future studies are needed to discover other predictors of Metrnl and the related mechanisms of Metrnl in the management of diabetes.

Objectives: The increasing prevalence of coronary artery disease [CAD] poses worrying statistics. Atherosclerosis of coronary vessels is the main culprit for the spectrum of CAD especially acute coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis is regarded as a consequence of inflammatory changes in the coronaries. Our study aimed to assess the role of risk factors and inflammatory markers with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI].

Methods: 100 patients with ST-elevation Myocardial infarction [STEMI] and 100 age and sex matched controls were included in the study. A history of risk factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes and hypertension was noted. A venous blood sample was obtained for analysis of inflammatory markers. The data thus obtained was statistically analyzed.

Results: The cases had a significant number of risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, previous history of CAD, increased body mass index [BMI], and raised high sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]. Patients with anterior myocardial infarction were older and had hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Patients with inferior myocardial infarction had high BMI, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and alcoholism. Smokers, patients with diabetes mellitus, high total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, and hs-CRP were more prone to complications.

Conclusions: Patients with a greater number of risk factors and raised inflammatory markers were at high risk of STEMI and its complications. An approach to control the modifiable risk factors like obesity and lifestyle changes can reduce the disease burden.

Objectives: During normal menstrual cycles, serum levels of progesterone vary widely between cycles of same woman and between women. This study investigated the profiles of pregnanediol during the luteal phase.

Methods: Data stemmed from a previous multicenter prospective observational study and concerned 107 women (who contributed 326 menstrual cycles). The study analyzed changes in observed cervical mucus discharge, various hormones in first morning urine, and serum progesterone. Transvaginal ultrasonography and cervical mucus helped identifying the day of ovulation. Changes in pregnanediol glucuronide levels during the luteal phase were examined and classified according to the length of that phase, a location parameter, and a scale parameter. Associations between nine pregnanediol glucuronide profiles and other hormone profiles were examined.

Results: Low periovulatory pregnanediol glucuronide levels and low periovulatory luteinizing hormone levels were associated with delayed increases in pregnanediol glucuronide after ovulation. That 'delayed increase profile' was more frequently associated with cycles with prolonged high LH levels than in cycles with rapid pregnanediol glucuronide increases. A 'plateau-like profile' during the luteal phase was associated with longer cycles, cycles with higher estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol glucuronide during the preovulatory phase, and cycles with higher periovulatory pregnanediol glucuronide levels.

Conclusions: Distinct profiles of urinary progesterone levels are displayed during the luteal phase. These profiles relate to early hormone changes during the menstrual cycle. In everyday clinical practice, these findings provide further evidence for recommending progesterone test seven days after the mucus peak day. The search for other correlations and associations is underway.

Objectives: Isolated ovarian agenesis in the absence of Mullerian duct anomalies are rare events which are usually discovered after menarche and incidentally in the context of an intervention for other indications, such as laparoscopy or assisted reproduction techniques.

Case presentation: We hereby present a case of unilateral ovarian agenesis in the presence of the ipsilateral fallopian tube.

Conclusions: Older studies had reported an incidence of true congenital unilateral ovarian agenesis to be 1 in 11,241 females Sivanesaratnam V. Unexplained unilateral absence of ovary and fallopian tube. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1986;22:103-5, but this is likely an understatement given the increase of relevant literature in recent years and the frequency of laparoscopy nowadays.

Objectives: Investigation the association of pro-inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-1β and IL- 10 expression, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 (ABCA1) inflammatory proteins with atherosclerosis index (homocysteine) in normal-weight and obese male subjects.

Methods: 59 males including 30 obese (Body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m²) and 29 normal-weight (BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m²) were joined to this study. Plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-10 (pg/mL), CRP (pg/mL), COX-2 (ng/mL), APOA1 (mg/dL), ABCA1 (ng/mL), HDL, Cholesterol, and Triglyceride (TG) (mg/dL), and homocysteine (µmol/L) was measured. Association of these biomarkers with homocysteine was determined.

Results: Obese subjects had higher serum levels of IL10, IL1β, CRP, COX-2, TG, and cholesterol concentrations (all p<0.05 except IL-10 and cholesterol) and low levels of HDL, APOA1, and ABCA1 (non-significant differences) in comparison to normal-weight group. Homocysteine levels were high in obese men with no significant differences between the two groups. In obese subjects, homocysteine had a significant inverse correlation with APOA1, ABCA1, and HDL, and a strong and moderate positive correlation was found with CRP and TG levels, respectively.

Conclusions: High level of homocysteine and its correlation with inflammation proteins and markers in obese subjects appear to be contributed with atherosclerosis development.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) remains active in adults, oxidizing fatty acids or glucose and releasing energy in the form of heat. Brown adipocytes and enhanced thermogenesis are targets for treating obesity and its comorbidities. BAT shows high synthesis activity and secretes several signaling molecules. The brown adipokines, or batokines, take action in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner. Batokines have a role in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, white adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle and exert beneficial effects on BAT. The systemic function of batokines gives BAT an endocrine organ profile. Besides, the batokines Fibroblast Growth Factor-21, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 8, Neuregulin 4, Myostatin, and Interleukin-6 emerge as targets to treat obesity and its comorbidities, deserving attention. This review outlines the role of six emerging batokines on BAT and their cross-talk with other organs, focusing on their physiological significance and diet-induced changes.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder classified as a persistent depressive mood and loss of interest lasting for more than two weeks and accompanied by a list of symptoms outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria. MDD affects approximately 264 million people worldwide and is the most prevailing form of neuropsychiatric disorder. Owing to the probable hypothesized pathophysiology of MDD being an outcome of abnormalities in the amino acid neurotransmitter system, including glutamate (the primary excitatory neurotransmitter) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), SAGE-217 (Zuranolone) is being evaluated as a possible therapeutic treatment for MDD. Zuranolone is a synthetic, neuroactive steroid (NAS) and positive allosteric modulator (PMA) of GABAA receptors, regulating both synaptic and extra-synaptic release of GABA. It is administered as a once-daily oral dose for 2 weeks due to its low-moderate clearance. A change in total HAM-D score from baseline was the primary end-point of all the trials. A phase II trial conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zuranolone (30 mg, once-daily dose), described a significant reduction in total HAM-D score at day 14 and reported the drug to be well tolerated with headache, dizziness, nausea, and somnolence as the most common adverse events (AE). Additional phase III trials were also conducted to evaluate similar outcomes, the interim topline results of which have been released. Consequently, this article attempts to briefly analyze the pharmacology of Zuranolone, review the available clinical data and outcomes regarding its use, and evaluate its place as a prospective novel therapy in the effective management of MDD.

Objectives: There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by hyperglycemia increases the incidence of diabetes and age-related insulin resistance. Thus, maintaining mitochondrial integrity may provide alternative therapeutic approach in diabetes treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bambusa vulgaris leaf extract on mitochondrial biogenesis in the pancreas of diabetic rats.

Methods: 11 weeks old male rats (n=30) were purchased, and sorted into the following groups: control, diabetic control, diabetes + metformin (100 mg/kg), diabetes + Aq. B. vulgaris (100 mg/kg), diabetes + Aq. B. vulgaris (200 mg/kg), and diabetes + Aq. B. vulgaris (300 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single dose of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondria biogenesis (pgc-1α, Nrf2, GSK3β, AMPK and SIRT2) and genes of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Molecular docking studies including lock and key docking and prime MM-GBSA were incorporated to identify the lead chemical compounds in Bambusa vulgari.

Results: The results showed that B. vulgaris leaf extract promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via altering the mRNA expression of mitochondrial master regulator pgc-1α, other upstream genes, and the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE antioxidant pathway. Through molecular docking results, cryptochlorogenic acid, hesperidin, orientin, vitexin, scopolin, and neochlorogenic were found as the crucial chemicals in B. vulgaris with the most modulating effect on PGC-1α, AMPK, and GSK3.

Conclusions: This study thus suggests that B. vulgaris leaf extract restores the integrity of mitochondria in diabetic rats.