Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation最新文献

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurobehavioral condition characterized by disruption of behavioral and emotional patterns in individuals with this condition. Given that various environmental and genetic factors play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of ASD, it can be said that ASD is a multifaceted disease. This study used scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar. In this review, we aimed to select manuscripts based on our field and relevant to the topic of our article. Emerging studies have shown that many neural, anatomical, and chemical factors play a role in the development of ASD. In this regard, an increasing body of studies has pointed out the relationship between chemical factors, including hormones, which play an important role in ASD. These hormones include melatonin, serotonin, thyroid, oxytocin, vasopressin, insulin-like growth hormone (IGF-1), etc. For instance, IGF-1 levels are low in ASD individuals, or melatonin levels are reduced in ASD individuals. Therefore, with take into account these findings, in this review, we decided to check over the association of these hormones to ASD and have a concise overview of their potential as therapeutic solutions to reduce the effects of ASD.

One of the biggest challenges of today's society is cancer, which imposes a significant financial, emotional and spiritual burden on human life. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers that affects people in society, especially women, and due to advanced treatment strategies and primary prevention, it is still the second cause of cancer-related deaths in society. Various genetic and environmental factors are involved in the development of BC. MicroRNAs (miRNA)s are non-coding RNAs, that the degradation or inhibition of them plays an important role in the prevention or development of cancer by modulating many cellular pathways including apoptosis, drug resistance, and tumorigenesis. Drug resistance is one of the important defense mechanisms of cancer cells against anticancer drugs and is considered one of the main causes of cancer treatment failure. Different miRNAs, including mir-7, mir-21, mir-31, and mir-124 control different cell activities, including drug resistance, through different pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF-β, STAT3, and NF-kB. Therefore, cell signaling pathways are one of the important factors that miRNAs control cellular activities. Hence, in this study, we decided to highlight an overview of the relationship between miRNAs and signaling pathways in the development of drug resistance in BC.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to use anthropometric measurements (age, BMI, and subcutaneous fat) in conjunction with biochemical parameters (sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose, serum insulin, and total cholesterol) to predict the probability of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the first trimester.

Methods: The study enrolled 48 pregnant women with GDM and 64 high-risk pregnant women without GDM. During the first-trimester examination, maternal blood samples were collected to measure SHBG, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and total cholesterol levels. Regression model analysis was used to examine the variables that showed statistically significant differences between the groups and were independent predictors of GDM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to determine the risk of developing GDM based on cut-off values.

Results: The levels of SHBG, HOMA-IR, serum insulin, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol were identified as significant independent markers for predicting GDM. Meanwhile, age, body mass index, and subcutaneous fat values were found to be non-independent predictors of GDM. The areas under the ROC curve were calculated to determine the predictive accuracy of total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, SHBG, and subcutaneous fat for developing into GDM, and were 0.869, 0.977, 0.868, and 0.822 respectively. The sensitivities for a false positive rate of 5 % for predicting GDM were 68.7 , 91.67, 91.7, and 97.9 % for total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, SHBG, and subcutaneous fat, respectively.

Conclusions: The independent predictors for the subsequent development of GDM in high-risk pregnancies are HOMA-IR, SHBG, Total cholesterol, and subcutaneous fat (SC) levels. These parameters can be used to create a regression model to predict the occurrence of GDM.

Objectives: Neurodegenerative diseases are defined by specific protein accumulation and anatomic vulnerability leading to neuronal loss. Some studies have shown that lutein may have an effect on neurodegenerative diseases. As most of the neurodegenerative diseases don't have certain cure and therapies focus on symptom control, Lutein may be a complementary treatment. Due to controversies in studies investigating lutein effect on neurodegenerative diseases, we decided to perform a systematic review on these studies.

Methods: A systematic search was carried out in the available databases. We used all MeSH terms and relevant keywords. Studies that reported relationship between lutein and any neurodegenerative disease were included.

Results: We found 278 studies. After removing duplicates, screening by titles and abstracts and excluding irrelevant papers, 17 articles were included in this study. Fourteen studies investigated Alzheimer's disease, 2 studies Parkinson's disease and 1 study Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 1/17 study found that high serum levels of lutein at baseline were associated with a lower risk of AD mortality and lutein effect on lipid profile have been investigated in 2/17 studies. Also, 1/17 study has been shown that high intake of lutein may reduce the risk of ALS progression.

Conclusions: 4/17 studies confirm that lutein can improve cognitive function. 8/17 studies demonstrate a reduction in the progression of AD, and 2/17 studies indicate an improvement in lipid profiles. However, some studies did not find any significant associations. Additionally, there is a limited number of studies investigating the effects of lutein on other neurodegenerative diseases.

Objectives: Infertility affects approximately 15 % of couples globally, with 50 % cases of male factor infertility. Precise assessment of spermatogenesis is essential for evaluating male infertility. Recent studies suggest serum inhibin B as a promising biomarker for testicular function. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum inhibin B in predicting male infertility, particularly focusing on its relationship with sperm count.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 adult men (mean age 31.4 ± 6.89 years) presenting with infertility at gynecology and urology outpatient departments. Semen analysis was performed following WHO (2010) guidelines, and serum inhibin B levels were quantified. The correlation between serum inhibin B levels and sperm parameters was assessed using Pearson's correlation test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum inhibin B and the inhibin B/FSH ratio for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and oligozoospermia.

Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between serum inhibin B and sperm count (r=0.94, p<0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that the inhibin B/FSH ratio had the highest diagnostic accuracy for NOA and oligozoospermia (AUC=0.986), with sensitivity of 100 % and specificity of 91.67 %. Serum inhibin B alone also showed high diagnostic value (AUC=0.965 for NOA and 0.969 for oligozoospermia).

Conclusions: Serum inhibin B is a reliable biomarker for assessing male infertility, particularly in evaluating spermatogenic function. The inhibin B/FSH ratio provides superior diagnostic accuracy for NOA and oligozoospermia, offering valuable clinical utility in male infertility diagnosis.

Objectives: The secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH), is characterized by a marked circadian rhythm. Plasma or serum TSH values are significantly lower in the afternoon and in the evening as compared to the early morning. As in clinical practice, blood sampling time shows an important variation, a reliable assessment of thyroid status is often not an easy task for the clinician. The biological variation of TSH plays a major role in the intra-individual variability of TSH results in serum or plasma. The observed intra-day variation largely exceeds the reported inter-vendor variation and the coefficient of variation of clinical TSH assays. Therefore, a mathematical solution was sought for correcting interpretation of TSH results for sampling time.

Methods: We have developed a cosinor model which allows to compensate TSH decision values for the fluctuating serum or plasma TSH concentrations throughout the day.

Results: The following mathematical function could be derived: corrected TSH cutoff_value (mIU/L)=0.40 + 0.24*cos(((π/12) *T) + 6) in which T represents the time (hours). This mathematical function can be easily implemented into a laboratory's informatics system and furthermore allows a better tailored diagnosis of (subclinical) hyperthyroidism, regardless the blood sampling time.

Conclusions: Implementing the corrected cut-off values result in a marked reduction of apparent (false positive) hyperthyroidism diagnosis, in particular in the afternoon.

Introduction: One of the fatal and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Increasing age is one of the risk factors of ALS. Considering that the elderly population in the world is increasing, it is very important to identify useful and effective diagnostic and treatment methods. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the relationship between chitotriosidase (CHIT1) level and ALS disorder.

Content: Keywords "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis", "Gehrig* Disease", "Charcot Disease", "Guam Disease", ALS, CHIT1 and chitotriosidase were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct databases without time limit on September 2023. Hundred twenty studies were obtained by searching, and finally, 14 studies were included in this study using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all 14 selected studies, the level of biomarker CHIT1 in the CSF of ALS patients was significantly higher than that of healthy control and disease control groups. But, in 8 studies that included 3 groups, no significant difference was observed between the CHIT1 levels in the two control groups. Six studies have reported the amount of CHIT1 level quantitatively. Among these 6 studies, in 5 studies CHIT1 level in disease control was higher than healthy control (not significant) and in only one study CHIT1 level was higher in healthy control compared to disease control (not significant).

Summary and outlook: In all 14 studies, a multifold increase in CHIT1 levels has been observed in patients compared to healthy and disease control groups. Therefore, based on the findings of the studies, this study confirms the relationship between CHIT1 increase and ALS disorder.

Objectives: The acute phase of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), as determined by TIMI angiographic criteria, is influenced by various factors that impact the patient's clinical outcome. However, the modifiable risk factors of impaired TIMI flow (TIMI<3) and its effective treatment are not fully understood. Hyperglycemia may induce a pro thrombotic state and thus affect TIMI flow before or after PCI. This study investigates the correlation between hemoglobin A1c levels, TIMI flow grade, and thrombus grade in infarct-related arteries, assessing its predictive value in non-diabetic patients with STEMI.

Methods: The 265 patients selected based on the hemoglobin A1c level lower than 6.5 % and were divided into three groups based on HbA1c level. Comparison between three groups in terms of risk factors, troponin level, blood glucose level, lipid profile, kidney function, number of involved vessels, type of MI, left ventricular ejection fraction, TIMI flow before and after primary angioplasty, thrombus burden, complications and hospital mortality was made.

Results: With the increase in HbA1c level, the prevalence of TIMI 3 flow after primary PCI decreased. The prevalence of TIMI flow 2-3 before angioplasty also decreased with the increase in HbA1c level. Increased hemoglobin A1c was also significantly related to large thrombus burden (p=0.021). Morover, hemoglobin A1c remained an independent predictor of post-PCI TIMI flow and thrombus burden.

Conclusions: Elevated hemoglobin A1c is a predictor of TIMI flow less than 3 after primary PCI and high thrombus burden, in STEMI patients without a history of diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: The widespread presence of bisphenol-A (BPA) in consumer goods like water bottles and eyeglass frames raises serious concerns about the chemical's ability to accumulate in human tissues. Molecular filtration and activated carbon adsorption are two of the many BPA treatment technologies that have emerged in response to these issues; both are essential in the removal or degradation of BPA from water sources and industrial effluents.

Content: To secure the long-term health and environmental advantages of BPA treatment approaches, sustainable development is essential. Both the efficient elimination or destruction of BPA and the reduction of the treatment operations' impact on the environment are important components of a sustainable approach. Different search engines like Pub-Med, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Scopus are used for these systematic reviews and analyzed accordingly. This can be accomplished by making treatment facilities more energy efficient and using environmentally friendly materials. Greener ways to deal with BPA pollution are on the horizon, thanks to innovative techniques like bioremediation and improved oxidation processes. Reducing dependence on conventional, resource-intensive procedures can be achieved by investigating the use of bio-based materials and natural adsorbents in treatment processes.

Summary and outlook: This review article tackling the health and environmental concerns raised by BPA calls for an integrated strategy that incorporates sustainable development principles and technology progress. We can reduce the negative impacts of BPA contamination, improve environmental stewardship in the long run, and ensure human health by combining cutting-edge treatment technologies with sustainable behaviours.