A well-established remedy in homeopathic practice, Spigelia anthelmia is primarily recognized for cardiovascular conditions and trigeminal neuralgia. Its role in uterine fibroid management is unknown. Uterine fibroids are common, benign uterine tumors associated with symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain and bladder disturbances. Conventional treatments are usually invasive, with limited long-term fertility preserving options.We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who presented with post-void urinary dribbling and lower abdominal heaviness. Ultrasonography revealed a cluster of calcified fibroids (9.1 × 6.8 cm). Based on this striking and uncommon urinary modality, we prescribed the remedy Spigelia anthelmia 30cH: some symptomatic relief occurred within days, and no recurrence has been reported after full resolution of symptoms at 3.5 months. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) score was +7.This case highlights a possible role for Spigelia anthelmia in fibroid-related urinary symptoms. Further studies are required to confirm the clinical significance and therapeutic potential of this observation.
{"title":"Spigelia Anthelmia for Uterine Fibroid: Case Report of a Homeopathic Cure Guided by a Urinary Modality.","authors":"Arun R Asuti, Kurian Poruthukaren","doi":"10.1055/a-2703-3066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2703-3066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A well-established remedy in homeopathic practice, <i>Spigelia anthelmia</i> is primarily recognized for cardiovascular conditions and trigeminal neuralgia. Its role in uterine fibroid management is unknown. Uterine fibroids are common, benign uterine tumors associated with symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain and bladder disturbances. Conventional treatments are usually invasive, with limited long-term fertility preserving options.We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who presented with post-void urinary dribbling and lower abdominal heaviness. Ultrasonography revealed a cluster of calcified fibroids (9.1 × 6.8 cm). Based on this striking and uncommon urinary modality, we prescribed the remedy <i>Spigelia anthelmia</i> 30cH: some symptomatic relief occurred within days, and no recurrence has been reported after full resolution of symptoms at 3.5 months. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) score was +7.This case highlights a possible role for <i>Spigelia anthelmia</i> in fibroid-related urinary symptoms. Further studies are required to confirm the clinical significance and therapeutic potential of this observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13227,"journal":{"name":"Homeopathy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145855768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allergic rhinitis (AR) impairs quality of life, with intranasal corticosteroids like fluticasone furoate as standard of care (SOC). Individualised homeopathic medicines (IHMs) are increasingly used as adjuncts, but robust evidence is limited. This study evaluates whether an IHM combined with SOC improves clinical outcomes compared with SOC alone in moderate to severe AR.In a randomized, open-label, controlled trial, 210 adults with AR (Total Nasal Symptom Score [TNSS] ≥ 6) were assigned 1:1 to SOC or SOC + IHM for a 12-week treatment phase, followed by a 6-week observational follow-up phase. Primary outcome was TNSS; secondary outcomes included Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini-RQLQ) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 4, 12 and 18 weeks using repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) and t-tests in an intention-to-treat analysis.Both groups showed significant within-group TNSS reductions at 4 and 12 weeks (all p < 0.001), with no between-group differences (p > 0.99). At 18 weeks, when no treatment was administered, SOC + IHM had lower TNSS (1.44 ± 1.00) than SOC (6.48 ± 1.71, p < 0.001), with similar trends for Mini-RQLQ (0.88 ± 0.31 vs. 2.24 ± 0.42, p < 0.001) and VAS (2.04 ± 0.84 vs. 6.35 ± 1.38, p < 0.001). RM-ANOVA showed no Group × Time interaction at 12 weeks (TNSS: p = 0.146, partial η2 = 0.009), but significant interactions at 18 weeks (TNSS: p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.738). Dropout was minimal (<5%). No serious adverse events were reported.Adding an IHM to SOC did not enhance clinical outcomes during the 12-week treatment but significantly better symptoms control and quality of life at 18 weeks, suggesting a sustained benefit for AR relapse. These findings support IHMs as potential adjunct for long-term AR management, warranting further investigation.
变应性鼻炎(AR)损害生活质量,鼻内皮质类固醇如糠酸氟替卡松作为标准治疗(SOC)。个体化顺势疗法药物(IHMs)越来越多地被用作辅助疗法,但有力的证据有限。在一项随机、开放标签、对照试验中,210名患有AR(总鼻症状评分[TNSS]≥6)的成年人被按1:1的比例分配到SOC或SOC + IHM组,为期12周的治疗期,随后是6周的观察随访期。主要结局为TNSS;次要结果包括迷你鼻结膜炎生活质量问卷(Mini- rqlq)和视觉模拟量表(VAS)。使用重复测量方差分析(RM-ANOVA)和意向治疗分析中的t检验,在基线、4、12和18周评估结果。两组在第4周和第12周均显示组内TNSS显著降低(p < 0.05)。在18周时,未给予治疗时,SOC + IHM的TNSS(1.44±1.00)低于SOC(6.48±1.71,p p p = 0.146,偏η2 = 0.009),但在18周时显著相互作用(TNSS: p 2 = 0.738)。辍学率极低(
{"title":"Effect of Individualised Homeopathic Medicine as Adjunct to Fluticasone Furoate for Allergic Rhinitis: A Prospective, Randomised, Open-Label, Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ashish Kumar Dixit, Anjan Kumar Sahoo, Shaila Sidam, Nibha Giri","doi":"10.1055/a-2687-9635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2687-9635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) impairs quality of life, with intranasal corticosteroids like fluticasone furoate as standard of care (SOC). Individualised homeopathic medicines (IHMs) are increasingly used as adjuncts, but robust evidence is limited. This study evaluates whether an IHM combined with SOC improves clinical outcomes compared with SOC alone in moderate to severe AR.In a randomized, open-label, controlled trial, 210 adults with AR (Total Nasal Symptom Score [TNSS] ≥ 6) were assigned 1:1 to SOC or SOC + IHM for a 12-week treatment phase, followed by a 6-week observational follow-up phase. Primary outcome was TNSS; secondary outcomes included Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini-RQLQ) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 4, 12 and 18 weeks using repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) and <i>t</i>-tests in an intention-to-treat analysis.Both groups showed significant within-group TNSS reductions at 4 and 12 weeks (all <i>p</i> < 0.001), with no between-group differences (<i>p</i> > 0.99). At 18 weeks, when no treatment was administered, SOC + IHM had lower TNSS (1.44 ± 1.00) than SOC (6.48 ± 1.71, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with similar trends for Mini-RQLQ (0.88 ± 0.31 vs. 2.24 ± 0.42, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and VAS (2.04 ± 0.84 vs. 6.35 ± 1.38, <i>p</i> < 0.001). RM-ANOVA showed no Group × Time interaction at 12 weeks (TNSS: <i>p</i> = 0.146, partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.009), but significant interactions at 18 weeks (TNSS: <i>p</i> < 0.001, partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.738). Dropout was minimal (<5%). No serious adverse events were reported.Adding an IHM to SOC did not enhance clinical outcomes during the 12-week treatment but significantly better symptoms control and quality of life at 18 weeks, suggesting a sustained benefit for AR relapse. These findings support IHMs as potential adjunct for long-term AR management, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13227,"journal":{"name":"Homeopathy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite homeopathy being the most prevalent complementary health care system in India, little has been known about the appreciation or aptitude for research among its over 17,000 interns across the country.The current study was conducted by the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH) in association with the National Commission for Homoeopathy to evaluate the status of knowledge, awareness, attitude and practical activity in research, as well as perceived barriers to conducting research, among homeopathy interns in India.An online cross-sectional survey was performed for a period of 1 month from mid-December 2023 to mid-January 2024 among the interns of the nation's 261 homeopathy medical institutes. The questionnaire was developed based on similar earlier studies on graduates in medicine. Responses from 2,381 interns were analyzed.The sample demographic consisted mostly of the 21-25 years age group (92%), females (71%), private institutions (84%) and located in urban areas (43%). The largest numbers of respondents were from the states of Maharashtra (28%), Gujarat (17%) and Tamil Nadu (13%). There was some regional variation in Knowledge & Awareness scores, but no significant difference was seen across age groups, gender, type of institute or locality of institute. More than half (56%) of the interns strongly disagreed with a requirement for research in homeopathy. Nearly half of the interns believed that research promotes critical thinking and recognized that research can be a good career option. Only a small number of interns had regularly participated in the CCRH's Short-Term Studentship in Homeopathy program. Many interns at least sometimes attended research workshops/seminars or participated as the subjects of research. Lack of familiarity with the necessary skills was identified as the chief barrier toward research participation.The study revealed interns' good awareness, moderate knowledge of research principles and a diverse attitude to homeopathy that included a negative majority view of the need for research. Improving the quality and the importance of research-related education for interns in homeopathy, together with schooling in relevant research methods and skills, can be addressed with tailored interventions by India's education and research authorities.
{"title":"The Status of Knowledge, Awareness, Attitude and Practical Activity in Research among Homeopathy Interns in India.","authors":"Pooja Gautam, Amulya Ratna Sahoo, Meetu Goel","doi":"10.1055/a-2675-1565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2675-1565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite homeopathy being the most prevalent complementary health care system in India, little has been known about the appreciation or aptitude for research among its over 17,000 interns across the country.The current study was conducted by the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH) in association with the National Commission for Homoeopathy to evaluate the status of knowledge, awareness, attitude and practical activity in research, as well as perceived barriers to conducting research, among homeopathy interns in India.An online cross-sectional survey was performed for a period of 1 month from mid-December 2023 to mid-January 2024 among the interns of the nation's 261 homeopathy medical institutes. The questionnaire was developed based on similar earlier studies on graduates in medicine. Responses from 2,381 interns were analyzed.The sample demographic consisted mostly of the 21-25 years age group (92%), females (71%), private institutions (84%) and located in urban areas (43%). The largest numbers of respondents were from the states of Maharashtra (28%), Gujarat (17%) and Tamil Nadu (13%). There was some regional variation in Knowledge & Awareness scores, but no significant difference was seen across age groups, gender, type of institute or locality of institute. More than half (56%) of the interns strongly disagreed with a requirement for research in homeopathy. Nearly half of the interns believed that research promotes critical thinking and recognized that research can be a good career option. Only a small number of interns had regularly participated in the CCRH's Short-Term Studentship in Homeopathy program. Many interns at least sometimes attended research workshops/seminars or participated as the subjects of research. Lack of familiarity with the necessary skills was identified as the chief barrier toward research participation.The study revealed interns' good awareness, moderate knowledge of research principles and a diverse attitude to homeopathy that included a negative majority view of the need for research. Improving the quality and the importance of research-related education for interns in homeopathy, together with schooling in relevant research methods and skills, can be addressed with tailored interventions by India's education and research authorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13227,"journal":{"name":"Homeopathy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145677521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1055/a-2547-9741
Shubhamoy Ghosh, Mahejabeen Siddique, Koushik Chatterjee, Rajat K Pal, Sk Monsur Alam, Indrani Halder, Suman Chandra, Ayan Midya, Subhranil Saha
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) poses a significant challenge in cancer care and affects the quality of life of many patients. Despite the prevalence and impact of the condition, identifying effective therapies remains a challenge. Non-pharmacological remedies, such as complementary therapies including homeopathy, are under-researched. A clinical trial with n-of-1 design has therefore been planned to evaluate the potential of individualized homeopathic medicinal products (IHMPs) in the management of CRF.A series of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, n-of-1 trials will be conducted. Each participant will undergo three rounds of two intervention phases in a randomly determined order. The study will be performed at the Oncology Outpatient Department of D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital. Participants with CRF who meet pre-defined eligibility requirements will be enrolled. The FACIT-F sub-scale is the primary outcome measure; Short Form-36 and the Wu Cancer Fatigue Scale are the secondary outcomes. All outcomes will be measured at baseline, on day 7 and then every 10 days for 2 months. The sample size will be the number of patients who can be recruited during the 18-month period of the trial. The Numerical Rating Scale (0-10) measuring fatigue severity will be used in screening and preliminary evaluation of the degree of fatigue. Comprehensive blood tests to evaluate various physiological factors related to CRF will also be performed. An assessment of the effect of the IHMPs will be obtained per individual and by aggregating the data of all participants via meta-analysis.The results of our study will clarify the possible therapeutic effects of IHMPs for patients with CRF, as well as improve our understanding of the n-of-1 study design as it is applied to homeopathy research.Clinical Trials Registry-India: CTRI/2024/03/064438.
{"title":"Efficacy of Individualized Homeopathic Medicinal Products in LM Potencies in Cancer-Related Fatigue: Protocol for a Series of N-of-1 Trials, with Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data.","authors":"Shubhamoy Ghosh, Mahejabeen Siddique, Koushik Chatterjee, Rajat K Pal, Sk Monsur Alam, Indrani Halder, Suman Chandra, Ayan Midya, Subhranil Saha","doi":"10.1055/a-2547-9741","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2547-9741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) poses a significant challenge in cancer care and affects the quality of life of many patients. Despite the prevalence and impact of the condition, identifying effective therapies remains a challenge. Non-pharmacological remedies, such as complementary therapies including homeopathy, are under-researched. A clinical trial with n-of-1 design has therefore been planned to evaluate the potential of individualized homeopathic medicinal products (IHMPs) in the management of CRF.A series of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, n-of-1 trials will be conducted. Each participant will undergo three rounds of two intervention phases in a randomly determined order. The study will be performed at the Oncology Outpatient Department of D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital. Participants with CRF who meet pre-defined eligibility requirements will be enrolled. The FACIT-F sub-scale is the primary outcome measure; Short Form-36 and the Wu Cancer Fatigue Scale are the secondary outcomes. All outcomes will be measured at baseline, on day 7 and then every 10 days for 2 months. The sample size will be the number of patients who can be recruited during the 18-month period of the trial. The Numerical Rating Scale (0-10) measuring fatigue severity will be used in screening and preliminary evaluation of the degree of fatigue. Comprehensive blood tests to evaluate various physiological factors related to CRF will also be performed. An assessment of the effect of the IHMPs will be obtained per individual and by aggregating the data of all participants via meta-analysis.The results of our study will clarify the possible therapeutic effects of IHMPs for patients with CRF, as well as improve our understanding of the n-of-1 study design as it is applied to homeopathy research.Clinical Trials Registry-India: CTRI/2024/03/064438.</p>","PeriodicalId":13227,"journal":{"name":"Homeopathy","volume":" ","pages":"231-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1055/a-2698-1976
Lee Kayne
{"title":"Improving the Relevance of Research in Homeopathy.","authors":"Lee Kayne","doi":"10.1055/a-2698-1976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2698-1976","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13227,"journal":{"name":"Homeopathy","volume":"114 4","pages":"217-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792147
Ana Amélia Campos Claro Olandim, Fernanda Maria Simões da Costa Fujino, Renata Lemonica, Nilson Roberti Benites, Vagner Doja Barnabé
Dengue, a hyperendemic arbovirus thriving in tropical and sub-tropical climates globally, has seen a significant surge in Brazil over the past 5 years. Presently, the country faces an epidemic, posing a huge challenge to Public Health authorities due to the potentially lethal nature of severe infections. Based on Hahnemannian concepts and on the historically reported efficacy of homeopathy in fighting epidemics, this study aimed to provide supporting evidence for a homeopathic genus epidemicus approach to prevent severe forms of dengue. Symptoms related to the severe phase of the disease were prioritised in the repertorisation: China officinalis (Chin) received the highest total symptoms score (43 points from 21 symptoms) followed by Arsenicum album (31/13) and Phosphorus (29/14). In the asymptomatic population exposed to the etiological agent, the use of Chin might contribute as an additional strategy in the prophylaxis of dengue.
{"title":"China officinalis as Possible Homeopathic Prophylaxis for the Brazilian Dengue Epidemic.","authors":"Ana Amélia Campos Claro Olandim, Fernanda Maria Simões da Costa Fujino, Renata Lemonica, Nilson Roberti Benites, Vagner Doja Barnabé","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1792147","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1792147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue, a hyperendemic arbovirus thriving in tropical and sub-tropical climates globally, has seen a significant surge in Brazil over the past 5 years. Presently, the country faces an epidemic, posing a huge challenge to Public Health authorities due to the potentially lethal nature of severe infections. Based on Hahnemannian concepts and on the historically reported efficacy of homeopathy in fighting epidemics, this study aimed to provide supporting evidence for a homeopathic genus epidemicus approach to prevent severe forms of dengue. Symptoms related to the severe phase of the disease were prioritised in the repertorisation: <i>China officinalis</i> (<i>Chin</i>) received the highest total symptoms score (43 points from 21 symptoms) followed by <i>Arsenicum album</i> (31/13) and <i>Phosphorus</i> (29/14). In the asymptomatic population exposed to the etiological agent, the use of <i>Chin</i> might contribute as an additional strategy in the prophylaxis of dengue.</p>","PeriodicalId":13227,"journal":{"name":"Homeopathy","volume":" ","pages":"273-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Homeopathic repertories are essential tools in remedy diagnosis, helping practitioners match patient symptoms with those produced by remedies. However, repertories often need to be revised due to omissions, misinterpretations, and incomplete representation of remedy symptoms. Despite their importance, the sensitivity of repertories - their ability to correctly identify remedies based on corresponding rubrics - has never been systematically estimated. Addressing this gap is crucial to ensuring repertories' accuracy, reliability and validity in homeopathic practice.We adopted the sensitivity formula used in medical diagnostics, where true positives indicate correct remedy identification and false negatives represent failures. This method was applied to Kent's repertory for Allium cepa using symptoms from Hering's Guiding Symptoms of our Materia Medica. We extracted the rubrics and identified the non-representing rubrics and omissions. We created a Python script that generated combinations of rubrics based on Allen's 'three-legged stool rule'. We calculated the sensitivity as the ratio of true positives to total combinations.Of the 525 symptoms of Allium cepa, we extracted 364 rubrics from Kent's repertory, with 161 symptoms omitted. Among the extracted rubrics, 111 failed to represent Allium cepa. The Python script generated 23,979,550 combinations, of which 21,050,260 (87.78%) were false negatives, and 2,929,290 (12.2%) were true positives.The sensitivity of Kent's repertory for Allium cepa was estimated as 12.2%. The method can thus effectively estimate the sensitivity for given remedies in a homeopathic repertory. Applying this method to other remedies would enhance a repertory's diagnostic accuracy and could lead to the development of artificial intelligence-driven tools for repertorial analysis.
{"title":"A Novel Method for Estimating the Sensitivity of Homeopathic Repertories.","authors":"Kurian Poruthukaren, Jeenu Joseph, Theresa Mathews","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1801298","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1801298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Homeopathic repertories are essential tools in remedy diagnosis, helping practitioners match patient symptoms with those produced by remedies. However, repertories often need to be revised due to omissions, misinterpretations, and incomplete representation of remedy symptoms. Despite their importance, the sensitivity of repertories - their ability to correctly identify remedies based on corresponding rubrics - has never been systematically estimated. Addressing this gap is crucial to ensuring repertories' accuracy, reliability and validity in homeopathic practice.We adopted the sensitivity formula used in medical diagnostics, where true positives indicate correct remedy identification and false negatives represent failures. This method was applied to Kent's repertory for <i>Allium cepa</i> using symptoms from Hering's <i>Guiding Symptoms of our Materia Medica</i>. We extracted the rubrics and identified the non-representing rubrics and omissions. We created a Python script that generated combinations of rubrics based on Allen's 'three-legged stool rule'. We calculated the sensitivity as the ratio of true positives to total combinations.Of the 525 symptoms of <i>Allium cepa</i>, we extracted 364 rubrics from Kent's repertory, with 161 symptoms omitted. Among the extracted rubrics, 111 failed to represent <i>Allium cepa</i>. The Python script generated 23,979,550 combinations, of which 21,050,260 (87.78%) were false negatives, and 2,929,290 (12.2%) were true positives.The sensitivity of Kent's repertory for <i>Allium cepa</i> was estimated as 12.2%. The method can thus effectively estimate the sensitivity for given remedies in a homeopathic repertory. Applying this method to other remedies would enhance a repertory's diagnostic accuracy and could lead to the development of artificial intelligence-driven tools for repertorial analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13227,"journal":{"name":"Homeopathy","volume":" ","pages":"249-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}