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Gastric ulceration is a major global health issue, and conventional anti-ulcer drugs often cause adverse effects, necessitating safer alternatives. Ornithogalum umbellatum (OrUm), traditionally referenced in homeopathy for gastrointestinal complaints, lacks thorough pre-clinical evaluation. This study investigated the anti-ulcer effects of OrUm in mother tincture (MT), 6C and 30C potencies using an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in Sprague-Dawley rats.Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups (n = 6 per group). Five groups received indomethacin (30 mg/kg, subcutaneously) to induce ulcers. Four of these were treated orally for 7 days with esomeprazole (20 mg/kg), OrUm-MT, OrUm-6C, or OrUm-30C. One group served as disease control and another as normal control. Biochemical parameters (including SGOT, SGPT, ALP, urea, creatinine, glucose, protein), antioxidant markers (MDA, SOD) and histopathological changes were assessed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed to analyze the phytochemical composition of OrUm-MT.OrUm-6C significantly improved SGOT, SGPT, ALP, urea, glucose, protein and MDA levels (p < 0.05), with histological evidence of mucosal healing. OrUm-MT significantly reduced SGPT and creatinine levels but showed mild ulceration histologically. OrUm-30C showed no significant biochemical improvement. LC-MS analysis of OrUm-MT revealed phenolic acids and flavonoids, which may underlie its antioxidant effects.This is the first pre-clinical study to demonstrate the anti-ulcer potential of OrUm. Among the tested potencies, OrUm-6C showed the most consistent biochemical and histopathological improvements. These findings support further investigation through rigorous pre-clinical and clinical studies to establish its therapeutic potential.

Homeopathy has been applied in various neurodevelopmental disorders, but documented cases of complete functional recovery in global developmental delay (GDD) with co-existing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain rare. No previously published case reports are available in the literature on individualized homeopathic management of GDD. This case emphasizes the role of individualized prescribing, incorporating antenatal maternal emotional history, in the management of such conditions.A 3-year-old boy with speech delay, poor social interaction, hyperactivity, aggression, echolalia, stereotypies and poor eye contact had baseline Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) social quotient of 56 and Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) score of 96 and was diagnosed with mild GDD and mild ASD per DSM-5 criteria. Homeopathic treatment comprised Stramonium followed by Staphysagria, the latter selected after considering significant antenatal maternal emotional trauma. Medicines were prescribed over 13 months, interspersed with placebo.At final follow-up, VSMS had increased to 86 (within normal range) and ISAA had decreased to 61 (below autism cut-off). The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) score was +8, indicating a probable causal relationship between the homeopathic intervention and the clinical outcome.This case demonstrates the potential of individualized constitutional homeopathic treatment, with emphasis on antenatal maternal emotional history, in achieving complete functional recovery in a child with GDD and ASD.

We need to classify the outcome of prognostic factor research (PFR), especially regarding polar symptoms (PS) - symptoms with opposite values such as amelioration/desire and aggravation/aversion. For instance, in a data collection project 22.9% of the patients responding well to Arsenicum album (Ars) had 'Desire salt' and 5.7% 'Aversion salt'. Can such differences be explained by statistical variation?Frequency distributions of PS were analysed and compared with previous research to reveal differences. Cumulative binomial probability (CBP) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the influence of statistical variation on the difference between the medicine population and the remainder of the population and the difference between opposite poles. CBP and 95% CI were compared regarding usefulness for daily practice. 95% CIs were used to calibrate the CBP. Corroboration by comparable symptoms was also used to validate outcomes.In several PS, there was asymmetry between opposite poles and a difference compared with previous research. The most probable cause was using questionnaires, disregarding clinical expertise. This results in asymmetrical frequency distributions when symptoms are common and the criterion 'more than average' was ignored. This, in turn, results in relatively low likelihood ratios (LRs) caused by a 'ceiling effect'.The CBP correlates with 95% CI, indicates the amount of overlap of 95% CIs, and is useful to classify the statistical certainty of PFR outcome. Based on CBP and difference of CBP for opposite symptoms, LR outcome was classified as statistically 'Certain', 'Probable', 'Possible' or 'Questionable'. Cut-offs between classes were based on expert estimates. Part of the outcome could be corroborated by the outcome of similar or opposite symptoms.Asymmetry of symptom frequency distributions in PS can be caused by practitioners not using their expert knowledge while assessing symptoms. A classification of reliability of data based on cumulative binomial chance is more informative and is better understood by experts in homeopathy. Nevertheless, classification of reliability remains partly subjective. Corroboration of outcome and clinical judgment are indispensable for estimating clinical validity of PFR outcomes. Practitioners and researchers participating in PFR need training in statistics and homeopathy respectively.

The Homeopathy Research Institute's 6th International Research Conference, held in Thessaloniki, the birthplace of Aristotle and Hippocrates, presented rigorous research from a global scientific community. Presentations covered clinically relevant topics such as mental health, antimicrobial resistance and effectiveness gap conditions, using both long-established and innovative study designs. Fundamental research explored potential mechanisms of action and applied advanced physicochemical and biological methods to characterise homeopathic medicines. Findings from the rapidly developing field of agrohomeopathy also highlighted potential applications in ecosystems, agriculture and farm animal health. Collectively, the program at this leading international conference marked significant progress in advancing the scientific understanding of homeopathy.

"Pain, Knee, Motion, Amelioration" in the Extremities chapter of Kent's repertory with 20 enlisted medicines is one of the most frequently encountered rubrics in homeopathy but has not been evaluated systematically. Bayesian statistics resulting in the likelihood ratio (LR) could offer a better evaluation of the enlisted medicines as well as the eligibility of other medicines.An analytical, epidemiological, longitudinal outcome study was conducted in different outpatient departments of D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, on 1,204 patients over 18 months using ORIDL (Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Living), whose scale ranges from +4 to -4. Results were documented during each follow-up, continuing until the most recent visit at an average of 3 months. The LRs were reported with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Analysis included 1,204 cases with 20 enlisted medicines and 37 not enlisted homeopathic medicines. The prevalence of the rubric "Pain, Knee, Motion, Amelioration" was 18.8%. Among the enlisted ones, the medicines having LR ≥ 1.5 were Calcarea carbonicum LR(+) 1.7 (95% CI: 0.8 to 3.5) and Rhus toxicodendron LR(+) 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7 to 3.1). Some medicines with LR ≥ 1.5 that were not previously enlisted in the rubric were Arnica montana LR(+) 2.0 (95% CI: 0.9 to 4.3), Carbo vegetabilis LR(+) 1.8 (95% CI: 0.8 to 4.0), and Staphysagria macrosperma LR(+) 1.5 (95% CI: 0.5 to 5.0). Overall, the findings corroborated the medicines' listing under the rubric in Kent's repertory.There was substantial evidence to link some of the enlisted medicines with the said rubric. Additional research involving a larger population is needed to address the potential confirmation bias.

Patterns in dried droplets have previously facilitated the characterization of homeopathic preparations of different substances at low potency levels. The objective of the present study was to examine combinations of plant extracts and salts in 2x and 3x potency (nominal dilution of 10^-2 and 10^-3) and to determine which influence the plant and salt components have on the patterns of these mixtures.We used the droplet evaporation method (DEM) to test seven plant extracts, five salt solutions and their 1:1 combinations, either in 2x or 3x potency levels. Drops of each sample were evaporated and the resulting patterns were photographed with a dark-field microscope at 25-fold and 100-fold magnification. The images were analyzed mainly visually for their characteristics; a supporting quantitative analysis was performed by means of the computer program ImageJ for several textural features.Patterns of 2x potencies showed more and richer structures than those of 3x potencies. At both tested potency levels, patterns of plant-salt potency combinations exhibited structures that were different from those of single potencies.Combining homeopathic potencies led to the emergence of novel patterns differing from those formed by the single components. There were noticeable differences in the extent to which specific salts appeared to retain their characteristic patterns in relation to the plant potency with which they were combined. This pilot study has identified promising potential for the further investigation of homeopathic preparations in low dilution ranges by means of DEM, with the aim to understand better the diverse pattern-forming processes that take place in combined compared with single potency droplets. Such endeavor would help to address the current lack of fundamental research on potency combinations.

Arsenicum album 30C (AA30) was recommended by the Government of India for the prevention of coronavirus infection. In the wake of the reporting of COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse events (AEs) and consequent vaccine hesitancy, this study was undertaken to assess the impact of homeo-prophylactic AA30 on COVID-19 vaccine-related AEs.This was a combined retrospective-prospective cohort study that included participants who had been enrolled in an ongoing prospective, parallel cohort study being conducted in urban slums of New Delhi and who had received either or both doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. The reporting of COVID-19 vaccine-related AEs was compared between a cohort that had been receiving homeopathic AA30 as a prophylactic for influenza-like/COVID-like illness with one in which no homeopathic intervention was provided.A total of 1,737 participants who received either or both doses of vaccination for COVID-19 were included in the study, out of whom 436 participants were from the medicine cohort (MC) and 1,301 were from the control cohort (CC). Overall odds of developing AEs after either dose of COVID-19 vaccine in MC as compared with CC was found to be statistically significantly lower (overall crude OR = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23 to 0.37; p = 0.0001). The adjusted OR after accounting for age, sex, co-morbidities and vaccine type was 0.30 (95% CI = 0.24 to 0.39; p = 0.0001). The protective effect of the medicine against post-vaccination AEs was evident after the first dose as well as after the second dose, with overall crude OR being 0.37 (95% CI = 0.29 to 0.48; p = 0.0001) and 0.28 (95% CI = 0.19 to 0.41; p = 0.0001) respectively.Prior use of the homeopathic medicine AA30 was able to significantly reduce COVID-19 vaccine-related AEs.