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Control of a Vibrating Axisymmetric Membrane using Piezoelectric Transducers 利用压电换能器控制轴对称膜振动
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.3182/20110828-6-IT-1002.03518
Sami Tliba
Abstract In this paper, the problem of the active vibration control of a thin and flexible disc is addressed. The mechanical structure tackled here is equipped with two piezoelectric circular patches: one of them works as a sensor and the other is used as an actuator. Both are fixed on the disc, one on each side, and centered according to its axis of symmetry. The purpose of this work is to design a controller allowing the active damping of the most vibrating modes in a specified bandwidth. Robustness issues against neglected dynamics are discussed. After describing the problem, we first discuss on the model properties, derived from a finite element analysis, particularly about the structure's symmetry consequences. Then, we propose a control method leading to the reduction of several modes of vibration. Numerical simulations are proposed to analyze the modelling and the vibration control efficiency.
摘要本文研究了薄型柔性圆盘的振动主动控制问题。这里讨论的机械结构配备了两个压电圆形贴片:一个用作传感器,另一个用作执行器。两者都固定在圆盘上,每边一个,并根据其对称轴居中。本工作的目的是设计一个控制器,允许在指定带宽内对大多数振动模式进行主动阻尼。讨论了对被忽略动力学的鲁棒性问题。在描述了这个问题之后,我们首先讨论了由有限元分析得出的模型属性,特别是关于结构的对称性后果。然后,我们提出了一种控制方法,可以减少几种模式的振动。通过数值仿真分析了该系统的建模和振动控制效率。
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引用次数: 8
An expert system for freshwater fish-farming industry 淡水鱼养殖业专家系统
Pub Date : 2019-05-31 DOI: 10.3182/20020721-6-ES-1901.01610
K. Petrinec, Z. Petrinec, Z. Kovačić
Abstract This paper deals with a technical description of an expert system for the freshwater fish-farming industry. The expert system is connected with on-site measurement equipment and by means of expert control rules supervises and controls the fish production process. Additional features such as server-clients communication via the Internet and an ability to extend a rule-base with new expert knowledge makes development of expert systems for any number of fish farms possible. Access via Internet enables better supervision, planning and better utilization of production resources, which results in turn with increased quality of fish, increased fish growth and bigger profits.
摘要本文讨论了淡水鱼养殖业专家系统的技术描述。该专家系统与现场测量设备相连接,通过专家控制规则对鱼类生产过程进行监督和控制。诸如通过Internet进行服务器-客户机通信以及使用新的专家知识扩展规则库的能力等附加特性使得为任何数量的养鱼场开发专家系统成为可能。通过互联网的接入可以更好地监督、规划和更好地利用生产资源,从而提高鱼的质量,提高鱼的生长和利润。
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引用次数: 1
Platelet count control in immune thrombocytopenic purpura patient: optimum romiplostim dose profile 免疫性血小板减少性紫癜患者的血小板计数控制:最佳罗米普罗stim剂量谱
Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.00474
Chia-Hung Tsai, J. Bussel, Allison Imahiyerobo, S. Sandler, B. Ogunnaike
Abstract Patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a disease characterized by abnormally low platelet count, are susceptible to excessive bleeding as a direct consequence. While the problem of low platelet count can be addressed fundamentally either by slowing down the rate of platelet destruction or by increasing platelet production, or both, one of the more effective means of treating ITP patients is to increase platelet production with romiplostim. However, current romiplostim treatment strategies tend to produce undesirable responses where platelet counts oscillate between dangerously low values and extremely high peaks, as a direct consequence of the complex nonlinear dynamics associated with platelet count regulation. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum dose profile of romiplostim for a specific ITP patient required to maintain a platelet count of 70×109/L. Using clinical data of the specific patient's platelet count obtained in response to a series of subcutaneously applied doses of romiplostim, a standard pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PKPD) model was developed, validated, and analyzed to obtain insight into the patient's physiological characteristics. The model was subsequently used to investigate the performance of three control strategies: “fixed dose” open-loop control, “variable dose” discrete PI feedback control, and “variable dose” model-based open-loop optimal control. The control strategies were implemented for weekly and bi-weekly treatment regimens. With both treatment frequencies, the fixed dose open-loop control strategy resulted in unacceptable sustained oscillating platelet count. PI feedback control and model-based optimal open-loop control led to stable platelet count profiles after approximately 50 days but only for weekly injections. In summary, a stable platelet count is more likely to be achieved consistently in the specific patient with weekly treatments. Bi-weekly treatments are less effective because, as we show, fundamental pharmaceutical characteristics of romiplostim make oscillations in platelet count unavoidable at this treatment frequency. The results show that model-based decisions determined using patient-specific mathematical models are potentially useful for designing better treatment regimens for ITP patients.
免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)是一种以血小板计数异常低为特征的疾病,其直接后果是易出血。虽然血小板计数低的问题可以从根本上通过减慢血小板破坏速度或增加血小板产生,或两者兼而有之来解决,但治疗ITP患者更有效的方法之一是使用罗米洛stim增加血小板产生。然而,目前的romiplostim治疗策略往往产生不良反应,当血小板计数在危险的低值和极高的峰值之间振荡时,作为与血小板计数调节相关的复杂非线性动力学的直接后果。本研究的目的是确定特定ITP患者需要维持血小板计数70×109/L的最佳剂量谱。利用对一系列皮下应用剂量的罗米普罗stim获得的特定患者血小板计数的临床数据,建立、验证和分析标准药代动力学/药效学(PKPD)模型,以深入了解患者的生理特征。该模型随后用于研究三种控制策略的性能:“固定剂量”开环控制、“变剂量”离散PI反馈控制和基于“变剂量”模型的开环最优控制。采用每周一次和两周一次治疗方案的控制策略。在两种治疗频率下,固定剂量开环控制策略导致不可接受的持续振荡血小板计数。PI反馈控制和基于模型的最优开环控制在大约50天后导致稳定的血小板计数分布,但仅限于每周注射。总之,稳定的血小板计数更有可能在每周治疗的特定患者中持续实现。两周治疗效果较差,因为,正如我们所示,在这种治疗频率下,罗米普罗stim的基本药物特性使血小板计数不可避免地出现振荡。结果表明,使用患者特异性数学模型确定的基于模型的决策可能有助于为ITP患者设计更好的治疗方案。
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引用次数: 6
A Hybrid Model of the Akamai Adaptive Streaming Control System Akamai自适应流控制系统的混合模型
Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.01021
L. D. Cicco, G. Cofano, S. Mascolo
Abstract Video streaming is becoming the application generating the largest fraction of the Internet traffic. Adaptive video streaming adds to classic video streaming the feature of dynamically adapting the video bitrate to track the time-varying network available bandwidth, avoid playback interruptions and ensure the delivery of the best video quality. In this paper we focus on the adaptive video streaming control system employed by Akamai, a major CDN operator whose video delivery system is used by several video streaming platforms, including Livestream. Differently from the typical client-side control, Akamai employs an interesting and unique hybrid client/server control architecture. Our purpose is to derive and validate a closed loop mathematical model of the control system, which turns out to be a hybrid automaton. The model is then analyzed to derive key properties which can be used to properly tune the controller parameters.
视频流正在成为互联网流量中产生最大份额的应用。自适应视频流为经典视频流增加了动态调整视频比特率以跟踪时变网络可用带宽的功能,避免播放中断并确保提供最佳视频质量。在本文中,我们重点关注Akamai采用的自适应视频流控制系统,Akamai是一家主要的CDN运营商,其视频交付系统被多个视频流平台使用,包括Livestream。与典型的客户端控件不同,Akamai采用了一种有趣且独特的混合客户端/服务器控件体系结构。我们的目的是推导和验证控制系统的闭环数学模型,结果是一个混合自动机。然后对模型进行分析,得出可用于适当调整控制器参数的关键属性。
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引用次数: 10
Control of an Industrial Scale Bioreactor using a PAT Analyser 用PAT分析仪控制工业规模的生物反应器
Pub Date : 2016-04-25 DOI: 10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.02589
S. Goldrick, E. Mercer, G. Montague, D. Lovett, B. Lennox
Abstract This work investigates the application of a “Process Analytical Technology” (PAT) analyser to control the substrate concentration over traditional sequential batch control for an industrial scale fed-batch penicillin fermentation. A simulation that utilises the historical data from four batches, where a sequential batch control strategy was implemented, was used as the benchmark reference for this comparison. The simulation accurately predicts the main outputs variables of biomass and penicillin, given the inputs from the historical data set. The simulation includes a PAT analyser, used to build a calibration model with the available off-line substrate concentration from one of the batches. The prediction from this calibration model was used as the controlled variable within a proportional integral (PI) controller to manipulate the substrate feed rate for the three remaining batches. Performance of each control strategy was analysed by comparing the final penicillin yield of each batch. An increase of 35, 20 and 9% was observed for the three batches controlled using the PI controller compared with the sequential batch control strategy.
摘要:本工作研究了“过程分析技术”(PAT)分析仪在工业规模补料批青霉素发酵过程中控制底物浓度的应用。利用来自四个批次的历史数据的模拟(其中实现了顺序批次控制策略)被用作该比较的基准参考。给定历史数据集的输入,模拟准确地预测了生物质和青霉素的主要输出变量。模拟包括一个PAT分析仪,用于建立一个校准模型,该模型具有来自其中一个批次的可用离线底物浓度。该校准模型的预测被用作比例积分(PI)控制器中的控制变量,以操纵剩余三个批次的底物进料速率。通过比较每批青霉素的最终产率,分析各控制策略的效果。与顺序批控制策略相比,使用PI控制器控制的三个批次增加了35%,20%和9%。
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引用次数: 2
System Identification and Distributed Control for Multi-rate Sampled Systems 多速率采样系统辨识与分布式控制
Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.01715
Q. Shao, A. Çinar
Abstract System outputs with different sampling times may cause difficulties in subspace identification to obtain an accurate model when some system variables are sampled at faster rate. This identification problem is solved by dividing the multi-rate sampled system into different subsystems, and multi-rate distributed control is proposed to control such system by using the identified model.
当某些系统变量以较快的速率采样时,不同采样时间的系统输出会给子空间辨识带来困难,难以获得准确的模型。通过将多速率采样系统划分为不同的子系统来解决辨识问题,并利用辨识出的模型提出多速率分布式控制方法来控制多速率采样系统。
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引用次数: 14
Knowledge Base Representation for Humanoid Robot Skills 类人机器人技能知识库表示
Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.02229
Daniel Hernández García, C. Monje, C. Balaguer
Abstract The ultimate goal for humanoid robotics research is to develop humanoid robotic systems capable and flexible enough to handle the challenge of working alongside human in complex natural environments performing everyday tasks. To reach this goal it is key to develop appropriate structures in which to organize the acquire knowledge in a manner that allows the system to retrieve it in order to use it to fulfil its missions. In this work a knowledge base representation of the robot skills knowledge organized in terms of the relationships between objects, actions and event frames is proposed.
仿人机器人研究的最终目标是开发具有足够灵活性的仿人机器人系统,以应对在复杂的自然环境中与人类一起工作并执行日常任务的挑战。要实现这一目标,关键是要发展适当的结构,在这种结构中组织所获得的知识,使系统能够检索这些知识,以便利用这些知识来完成其任务。在这项工作中,提出了一个根据对象、动作和事件框架之间的关系组织机器人技能知识的知识库表示。
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引用次数: 5
An Extension to the First Order Model of Pulmonary Mechanics to Capture a Pressure dependent Elastance in the Human Lung 一阶肺力学模型的扩展以捕捉人肺压力相关弹性
Pub Date : 2014-12-31 DOI: 10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.01834
A. Knörzer, P. Docherty, Y. Chiew, J. Chase, K. Möller
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a lifesaving therapy for patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, selecting the optimal MV settings is a difficult process as setting a high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) value will improve oxygenation, but can produce ventilator induced lung injuries (VILI). To find a suitable value is patient specific and depends on different things like the underlying illness and the current state. In this study, a respiratory model that defined constant bronchial resistance and pressure-dependent variable elastance was fitted to pressure volume (PV) responses for 12 datasets of 10 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients which underwent a recruitment maneuver (RM) to open previous collapsed alveoli. We believe that the range of minimal elastance represents that range in which oxygenation can be improved by recruitment with reducing the risk of VILI. The first order model with a variable elastance (Edrs ) described by Chiew et al. (2011) was modified with a factor α to express added end-expiratory volume due to an increased PEEP. Model parameters were identified using a nonlinear least square method that optimized Edrs agreement across PEEP-levels. The model yielded an increase in overlapping quality of pressure dependent Edrs -curves. A best pressure range for PEEP could be identified in 9 of 12 datasets. The model could potentially provide a simple method of decision support at the bedside for clinicians and could prospectively an automated extend in mechanical ventilation devices.
机械通气(MV)是急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的救命疗法。然而,选择最佳的呼气末正压(PEEP)设置是一个困难的过程,因为设置较高的呼气末正压(PEEP)值会改善氧合,但会产生呼吸机诱导的肺损伤(VILI)。要找到一个合适的值是因人而异的,取决于不同的事情,比如潜在的疾病和当前的状态。在这项研究中,一个定义了恒定支气管阻力和压力相关可变弹性的呼吸模型拟合了10例急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的12个数据集的压力容积(PV)反应,这些患者接受了再循环操作(RM)来打开先前塌陷的肺泡。我们认为,最小弹性的范围代表了氧合可以通过招募来改善的范围,降低了VILI的风险。Chiew等人(2011)描述的一阶可变弹性模型(Edrs)用因子α进行了修改,以表达由于PEEP增加而增加的呼气末容积。采用非线性最小二乘法识别模型参数,优化了peep水平上的Edrs一致性。该模型提高了压力相关edr -曲线的重叠质量。在12个数据集中,有9个可以确定PEEP的最佳压力范围。该模型可能为临床医生提供一种简单的床边决策支持方法,并有望在机械通气装置中实现自动化扩展。
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引用次数: 6
Adaptive Observers for Nonlinearly Parameterized Systems Subjected to Parametric Constraints 受参数约束的非线性参数化系统的自适应观测器
Pub Date : 2014-12-17 DOI: 10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.00807
I. Tyukin, P. A. Rogachev, H. Nijmeijer
We consider the problem of adaptive observer design in the settings when the system is allowed to be nonlinear in the parameters, and furthermore they are to satisfy additional feasibility constraints. A solution to the problem is proposed that is based on the idea of employing observers comprising of an exponentially converging part coupled with exploratory dynamics (cf. Tyukin et al. (2013)). The procedure is illustrated with an example.
在系统参数允许为非线性的情况下,考虑了自适应观测器的设计问题,并考虑了附加的可行性约束。该问题的解决方案是基于采用由指数收敛部分与探索动态相结合的观察者的想法(参见Tyukin et al.(2013))。用一个例子说明了这个过程。
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引用次数: 3
Cooperative Allocation and Guidance for Air Defence Application 防空应用协同分配与制导
Pub Date : 2014-11-01 DOI: 10.3182/20110828-6-IT-1002.02520
S. L. Ménec, K. Markham, A. Tsourdos, Hyo-Sang Shin, H. Piet-Lahanier
Abstract This project proposes a centralised algorithm to design cooperative allocation strategies and guidance laws for air defence applications. Scenarios in naval and ground context have been defined for performance analysis by comparison to a benchmark target allocation policy. The cooperative target allocation algorithm is based on the following features: No Escape Zones (differential game NEZ) computation to characterise the defending missile capturability characteristics; In Flight (re) Allocation (IFA algorithm, late committal guidance) capability to deal with target priority management and pop up threats; capability to generate and counter alternative target assumptions based on concurrent beliefs of future target behaviours, i.e. Salvo Enhanced No Escape Zone (SENEZ) algorithm. The target trajectory generation has been performed using goal oriented trajectory extrapolation techniques. The target allocation procedure is based on minimax strategy computation in matrix games.
摘要本课题提出了一种集中算法来设计防空应用中的协同分配策略和制导律。通过与基准目标分配策略的比较,定义了海军和地面环境中的场景,以便进行性能分析。该协同目标分配算法基于以下特点:无逃逸区(微分博弈NEZ)计算来表征防御导弹的可捕获性特征;飞行(再)分配(IFA算法,后期交付指导)处理目标优先级管理和弹出威胁的能力;基于对未来目标行为的并发信念生成和对抗备选目标假设的能力,即齐射增强无逃逸区(SENEZ)算法。利用目标导向的轨迹外推技术实现了目标轨迹的生成。目标分配过程是基于矩阵对策中的极大极小策略计算。
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引用次数: 17
期刊
IFAC Proceedings Volumes
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