Ayu Nurlaila Indah, S. Moriya, T. Ohta, R. A. Wulandari, P. Basunanda, H. Murayama
Recently, four quantitative trait loci linked to flesh mealiness in apples were identified, with one associated with the MdPG1 allele. Hence, this study analyzed cell wall changes in two mealy (Orin and Akane) and three non-mealy (Kiou, Kitaro, Fuji) apple cultivars during ripening. The fruits were harvested for each cultivar at optimum maturity and stored at 20°C for 20 days. The flesh firmness of ‘Kitaro’ and ‘Fuji’ fruit did not change strikingly over the 20 days, whereas that of the other three cultivars, especially ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’, gradually decreased during ripening. Between the two cultivars with a mealy texture, ‘Akane’ fruit produced extremely low levels of ethylene, whereas ‘Orin’ fruit produced high levels. The water-soluble polyuronide (WSP) contents of ‘Kiou’ and ‘Fuji’ fruit did not change clearly. In contrast, the WSP contents of the other three cultivars, especially ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’, increased during ripening. In ‘Kiou’, ‘Kitaro’, and ‘Fuji’ fruit, the molecular-mass distributions of WSPs did not change during ripening. Conversely, the molecular-mass distribution of WSPs in ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’ fruit exhibited downshifts during ripening. These results indicate that solubilization and depolymerization of pectic polyuronides occur during ripening in mealy ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’ fruit, and that ethylene may not be involved in these changes.
{"title":"Cell wall modifications lead to cultivar differences in apple (Malus domestica) fruit mealiness","authors":"Ayu Nurlaila Indah, S. Moriya, T. Ohta, R. A. Wulandari, P. Basunanda, H. Murayama","doi":"10.22146/ipas.72768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.72768","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, four quantitative trait loci linked to flesh mealiness in apples were identified, with one associated with the MdPG1 allele. Hence, this study analyzed cell wall changes in two mealy (Orin and Akane) and three non-mealy (Kiou, Kitaro, Fuji) apple cultivars during ripening. The fruits were harvested for each cultivar at optimum maturity and stored at 20°C for 20 days. The flesh firmness of ‘Kitaro’ and ‘Fuji’ fruit did not change strikingly over the 20 days, whereas that of the other three cultivars, especially ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’, gradually decreased during ripening. Between the two cultivars with a mealy texture, ‘Akane’ fruit produced extremely low levels of ethylene, whereas ‘Orin’ fruit produced high levels. The water-soluble polyuronide (WSP) contents of ‘Kiou’ and ‘Fuji’ fruit did not change clearly. In contrast, the WSP contents of the other three cultivars, especially ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’, increased during ripening. In ‘Kiou’, ‘Kitaro’, and ‘Fuji’ fruit, the molecular-mass distributions of WSPs did not change during ripening. Conversely, the molecular-mass distribution of WSPs in ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’ fruit exhibited downshifts during ripening. These results indicate that solubilization and depolymerization of pectic polyuronides occur during ripening in mealy ‘Akane’ and ‘Orin’ fruit, and that ethylene may not be involved in these changes.","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46703970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ikponmwosa Ogbemudia, Valerie I. O. Edosa, Enameguono Ekpemuaka
The potentials of lactic acid bacteria serum, termed as ‘Lactobacillus (LB) serum’, in enhancing soil nutrient availability and supplies for the growth of Amaranthus hybridus and some chemical properties of soil were investigated at the screen house of the Department of Soil Science, University of Benin. Three application rates of the serum were adopted, consisting of 3 mL (3,000 L.ha-1), 5 mL (5,000 L.ha-1), and 0 ml (0 L.ha-1), and represented as treatment. Amaranthus hybridus was transplanted into pots containing 2 kg of 2 mm sieved air-dried soil. Each treatment was replicated seven times to give a total of 21 pots that were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were applied twice a week starting from the 2nd week after transplanting. The plant growth indices measured were number of leaves, plant height and plant biomass. The results showed that serum positively influenced the number of leaves and plant biomass (4.333 kg to 4.830 kg) compared to the control (3.901 kg). However, the highest value of the plant biomass was found in the 3 mL (3,000 L.ha-1) treated pots, while the microbial colonies of bacteria in soil after serum application were sustained when compared with the control but at a reduced population for Bacillus subtilis. The application of LB. serum slightly improved the soil total organic carbon (320.0 g.kg-1 to 352.0 g.kg-1) and nitrogen (3.102 g.kg-1 to 3.325 g.kg-1) as against, 64.00 g.kg-1, and 0.639 g.kg-1 in the control respectively.
{"title":"Influence of ‘Lactobacillus serum’ on the growth of Amaranthus hybridus and some soil chemical properties under screen house conditions","authors":"Ikponmwosa Ogbemudia, Valerie I. O. Edosa, Enameguono Ekpemuaka","doi":"10.22146/ipas.70701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.70701","url":null,"abstract":"The potentials of lactic acid bacteria serum, termed as ‘Lactobacillus (LB) serum’, in enhancing soil nutrient availability and supplies for the growth of Amaranthus hybridus and some chemical properties of soil were investigated at the screen house of the Department of Soil Science, University of Benin. Three application rates of the serum were adopted, consisting of 3 mL (3,000 L.ha-1), 5 mL (5,000 L.ha-1), and 0 ml (0 L.ha-1), and represented as treatment. Amaranthus hybridus was transplanted into pots containing 2 kg of 2 mm sieved air-dried soil. Each treatment was replicated seven times to give a total of 21 pots that were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were applied twice a week starting from the 2nd week after transplanting. The plant growth indices measured were number of leaves, plant height and plant biomass. The results showed that serum positively influenced the number of leaves and plant biomass (4.333 kg to 4.830 kg) compared to the control (3.901 kg). However, the highest value of the plant biomass was found in the 3 mL (3,000 L.ha-1) treated pots, while the microbial colonies of bacteria in soil after serum application were sustained when compared with the control but at a reduced population for Bacillus subtilis. The application of LB. serum slightly improved the soil total organic carbon (320.0 g.kg-1 to 352.0 g.kg-1) and nitrogen (3.102 g.kg-1 to 3.325 g.kg-1) as against, 64.00 g.kg-1, and 0.639 g.kg-1 in the control respectively. ","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43475648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phosphorous (P) is strongly adsorbed by soil components, such as soil organic matter and soil amorphous minerals in Andisols, which have been identified as an influential factor in adsorption and release of soil P. The aim of this study was to characterize the pattern of soil P adsorption and release in both organic and conventional vegetable farming systems in Merbabu Mountain area, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected from soil layers (0 cm to 20 cm and 20 cm to 40 cm) in organic and conventional farming systems. The result showed that the highest adsorption rate was found in organic farming systems at a depth of 20 cm to 40 cm. The lowest adsorption rate was found in conventional farming systems with low input of organic matter at a depth of 20 cm to 40 cm. A higher rate of P release was also found in organic farming systems with a low input of organic matter. It can be concluded that vegetable soils in organic farming systems are not only highly capable of adsorbing P but also capable of releasing P rapidly.
{"title":"Adsorption and release of soil P in andisols under organic and conventional vegetable farming system","authors":"Aridinasty Maritasari, B. Purwanto, S. Utami","doi":"10.22146/ipas.68740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.68740","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorous (P) is strongly adsorbed by soil components, such as soil organic matter and soil amorphous minerals in Andisols, which have been identified as an influential factor in adsorption and release of soil P. The aim of this study was to characterize the pattern of soil P adsorption and release in both organic and conventional vegetable farming systems in Merbabu Mountain area, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected from soil layers (0 cm to 20 cm and 20 cm to 40 cm) in organic and conventional farming systems. The result showed that the highest adsorption rate was found in organic farming systems at a depth of 20 cm to 40 cm. The lowest adsorption rate was found in conventional farming systems with low input of organic matter at a depth of 20 cm to 40 cm. A higher rate of P release was also found in organic farming systems with a low input of organic matter. It can be concluded that vegetable soils in organic farming systems are not only highly capable of adsorbing P but also capable of releasing P rapidly.","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41802611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanotechnology fertilizers are fertilizers associated with objects measuring 1 nm to 100 nm capable of controlling or manipulating at an atomic scale. Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients needed by plants in large amounts. Maize is a strategic commodity requiring optimal nutrients. Inceptisol is soil that has relatively low fertility and chemical properties. The addition of P nutrients to the soil plays an important role in improving soil quality. This study aimed to compare the types of P fertilizers of nano guano, nano phosphate rock, and SP-36 with various doses of P2O5 and determine the most effective type. This research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor is the type of fertilizer, consisting of nano guano, nano phosphate rock, and SP-36. The second factor is the dose of P2O5 with four treatment levels, namely 0 kg.ha-1, 50 kg.ha-1, 100 kg.ha-1, and 150 kg.ha-1. The results showed that nano phosphate rock was the most effective fertilizer for maize in Inceptisol. The optimum dose of P fertilizer was 100 kg.ha-1, which was able to produce the highest plant height (215.67 cm) and phosphorus uptake (0.4765 g/plant).
{"title":"Effects of nano guano, nano phosphate rock, and SP-36 fertilizers on maize growth and phosphorus uptake in inceptisol","authors":"Nia Herlina, S. Utami, Cahyo Wulandari","doi":"10.22146/ipas.71374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.71374","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology fertilizers are fertilizers associated with objects measuring 1 nm to 100 nm capable of controlling or manipulating at an atomic scale. Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients needed by plants in large amounts. Maize is a strategic commodity requiring optimal nutrients. Inceptisol is soil that has relatively low fertility and chemical properties. The addition of P nutrients to the soil plays an important role in improving soil quality. This study aimed to compare the types of P fertilizers of nano guano, nano phosphate rock, and SP-36 with various doses of P2O5 and determine the most effective type. This research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor is the type of fertilizer, consisting of nano guano, nano phosphate rock, and SP-36. The second factor is the dose of P2O5 with four treatment levels, namely 0 kg.ha-1, 50 kg.ha-1, 100 kg.ha-1, and 150 kg.ha-1. The results showed that nano phosphate rock was the most effective fertilizer for maize in Inceptisol. The optimum dose of P fertilizer was 100 kg.ha-1, which was able to produce the highest plant height (215.67 cm) and phosphorus uptake (0.4765 g/plant).","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48769454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of good annual crops grown in Indonesia. The disadvantages and advantages of Ca in plants can affect morphology and anatomy in plants. This research aimed to identify the effect of Ca on the anatomical performance of the roots of cocoa plants and determine the optimal dose of Ca for the anatomical characteristics of the roots of cocoa plant. The research was conducted at the cocoa plantation owned by PT. Pagilaran at North Segayung Production Unit, Tulis Subdistrict, Batang Regency, Central Java, in October 2019 – February 2021. The observation of root anatomy was carried out by making preparations, and the plant roots were taken destructively and sliced transversely. The field experiment was arranged using a single factor randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of without fertilizer application and calcium fertilization at a dose of 100 g/tree/year, 200 g/tree/year, 300 g/tree/year, and 400 g/tree/year. The cocoa clone used was clone RCC 71. The results showed that an increase in the dose of CaCl2 fertilizer up to 400 g/tree/year was generally followed by an increase in the size of the xylem and phloem diameters, the thickness of the cork layer, the thickness of secondary cortex, and the diameter of the stele. The quadratic effect of the dose of CaCl2 fertilizer was observed only on the thickness of the root cambium tissues. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research to determine the optimal dose of Ca fertilizer for the anatomical characteristics of cocoa roots.
{"title":"Anatomical characteristics of cocoa plant roots as affected by the levels of calcium fertilization","authors":"Sutan Tarmizi Lubis, E. Putra, B. Kurniasih","doi":"10.22146/ipas.69842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.69842","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of good annual crops grown in Indonesia. The disadvantages and advantages of Ca in plants can affect morphology and anatomy in plants. This research aimed to identify the effect of Ca on the anatomical performance of the roots of cocoa plants and determine the optimal dose of Ca for the anatomical characteristics of the roots of cocoa plant. The research was conducted at the cocoa plantation owned by PT. Pagilaran at North Segayung Production Unit, Tulis Subdistrict, Batang Regency, Central Java, in October 2019 – February 2021. The observation of root anatomy was carried out by making preparations, and the plant roots were taken destructively and sliced transversely. The field experiment was arranged using a single factor randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of without fertilizer application and calcium fertilization at a dose of 100 g/tree/year, 200 g/tree/year, 300 g/tree/year, and 400 g/tree/year. The cocoa clone used was clone RCC 71. The results showed that an increase in the dose of CaCl2 fertilizer up to 400 g/tree/year was generally followed by an increase in the size of the xylem and phloem diameters, the thickness of the cork layer, the thickness of secondary cortex, and the diameter of the stele. The quadratic effect of the dose of CaCl2 fertilizer was observed only on the thickness of the root cambium tissues. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research to determine the optimal dose of Ca fertilizer for the anatomical characteristics of cocoa roots.","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ratih Hartono Putri, A. Purwantoro, V. Handayani, D. Respatie
Generally, cucumber plants have more male flowers than female flowers. The fewer number of female flowers is one of the problems of cucumber production. Flowering regulation can be performed by applying growth regulators and water management. The study aims to determine the effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design at the Agricultural, Food, and Fishery Extension Center, Seyegan, Yogyakarta. The first factor was the paclobutrazol concentrations consisting of four levels (a control, 0.187 mL.L-1, 0.375 mL.L-1, and 0.562 mL.L-1). Meanwhile, the second factor was the watering frequency consisting of three levels (once a day, once every two days, and once every three days). The observed data were performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at α= 5 %. The paclobutrazol concentrations resulted in a significant effect on all of the observed variables. Meanwhile, watering frequencies showed no significant effect on the male flowers, female flowers and ratio of male to female flowers in cucumber. There was an interaction effect of paclobutrazol concentration and watering frequency on the plant height and flowering age of cucumber plants. The treatment of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 0.375 mL.L-1, decreased of male flowers and increased of female flowers, reducing the ratio of male and female flowers of cucumber plants at various watering frequencies.-1
{"title":"Effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.)","authors":"Ratih Hartono Putri, A. Purwantoro, V. Handayani, D. Respatie","doi":"10.22146/ipas.66002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.66002","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, cucumber plants have more male flowers than female flowers. The fewer number of female flowers is one of the problems of cucumber production. Flowering regulation can be performed by applying growth regulators and water management. The study aims to determine the effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design at the Agricultural, Food, and Fishery Extension Center, Seyegan, Yogyakarta. The first factor was the paclobutrazol concentrations consisting of four levels (a control, 0.187 mL.L-1, 0.375 mL.L-1, and 0.562 mL.L-1). Meanwhile, the second factor was the watering frequency consisting of three levels (once a day, once every two days, and once every three days). The observed data were performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at α= 5 %. The paclobutrazol concentrations resulted in a significant effect on all of the observed variables. Meanwhile, watering frequencies showed no significant effect on the male flowers, female flowers and ratio of male to female flowers in cucumber. There was an interaction effect of paclobutrazol concentration and watering frequency on the plant height and flowering age of cucumber plants. The treatment of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 0.375 mL.L-1, decreased of male flowers and increased of female flowers, reducing the ratio of male and female flowers of cucumber plants at various watering frequencies.-1","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48925129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurkholish Nugroho, B. Kurniasih, S. Utami, W. A. Yusuf
Iron toxicity in rice plants occurs due to the excessive concentrations of ferrous ions (Fe2+) in the soil solution. The application of organic matter and water management is one way to alleviate iron toxicity in rice plants. This study aimed to determine the potential of organic matter and water management in controlling the solubility of Fe2+ in the soil and its effect on the symptoms of toxicity, growth and yield of rice plants. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute from August to December 2020, arranged in a completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor consisted of low Fe2+ concentration (<300 ppm, actual acid sulfate soil (AASS)) and high Fe2+ concentration (>300 ppm, potential acid sulfate soil (PASS)), the second factor consisted of waterlogging without leaching and leaching of once every two weeks, and the third factor consisted of without organic matter amendment and with organic matter amendment of 2.5 ton.ha-1. In comparison to the treatment of without organic matter amendment and leaching, the organic matter and leaching treatment in the AASS reduced the leaf bronzing index by 26.17 % and increased the crop yield by 21.20 %. In the PASS, the organic matter and leaching treatment reduced the leaf bronzing index by 11.74 % and increased the crop yield by 15.72 %. The leaching of once every two weeks and organic matter amendment of 2.5 ton.ha-1 are recommended to alleviate iron toxicity and increase rice productivity in acid sulfate soil.
水稻铁中毒是由于土壤溶液中铁离子(Fe2+)浓度过高引起的。施用有机质和水分管理是缓解水稻铁毒性的途径之一。本研究旨在确定有机质和水分管理在控制土壤中Fe2+溶解度方面的潜力及其对水稻毒性症状、生长和产量的影响。研究于2020年8月至12月在印度尼西亚沼泽农业研究所温室进行，采用三因素完全随机设计。第一个影响因素为低Fe2+浓度(300 ppm，潜在的酸性硫酸盐土壤(PASS))，第二个影响因素为无淋溶和每两周淋溶1次，第三个影响因素为无有机质修正和2.5 t .ha . 1的有机质修正。与不进行有机质改良和淋滤处理相比，AASS中有机质和淋滤处理使叶片镀铜指数降低了26.17%，作物产量提高了21.20%。在PASS中，有机质和淋滤处理使叶片镀铜指数降低了11.74%，作物产量提高了15.72%。每两周淋滤一次，有机质修正量2.5吨。推荐在酸性硫酸盐土壤中施用Ha-1，以减轻铁毒性，提高水稻产量。
{"title":"The potential of organic matter and water management on the alleviation of iron toxicity in rice plants","authors":"Nurkholish Nugroho, B. Kurniasih, S. Utami, W. A. Yusuf","doi":"10.22146/ipas.64252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.64252","url":null,"abstract":"Iron toxicity in rice plants occurs due to the excessive concentrations of ferrous ions (Fe2+) in the soil solution. The application of organic matter and water management is one way to alleviate iron toxicity in rice plants. This study aimed to determine the potential of organic matter and water management in controlling the solubility of Fe2+ in the soil and its effect on the symptoms of toxicity, growth and yield of rice plants. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute from August to December 2020, arranged in a completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor consisted of low Fe2+ concentration (<300 ppm, actual acid sulfate soil (AASS)) and high Fe2+ concentration (>300 ppm, potential acid sulfate soil (PASS)), the second factor consisted of waterlogging without leaching and leaching of once every two weeks, and the third factor consisted of without organic matter amendment and with organic matter amendment of 2.5 ton.ha-1. In comparison to the treatment of without organic matter amendment and leaching, the organic matter and leaching treatment in the AASS reduced the leaf bronzing index by 26.17 % and increased the crop yield by 21.20 %. In the PASS, the organic matter and leaching treatment reduced the leaf bronzing index by 11.74 % and increased the crop yield by 15.72 %. The leaching of once every two weeks and organic matter amendment of 2.5 ton.ha-1 are recommended to alleviate iron toxicity and increase rice productivity in acid sulfate soil.","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47800821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shade trees are used in agroforestry pattern for production and service aspects. Cocoa-tree agroforestry pattern is expected to improve atmospheric and rhizosphere zone in cacao plantations. However, the information related to this is still quite limited. This study was conducted using a nested design, with types of shade trees as nest. Shade trees used were Falcataria moluccana, Cocos nucifera, and Cassia spectabilis, and without shade was used as control. Variables observed were light, air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil texture, bulk density, permeability, and moisture content. Soil chemical properties were also observed, including organic C, pH, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B and content of available P, K, Ca, Mg, and B. The results showed that cacao agroforestry pattern using F. moluccana and C. spectabilis was able to improve the microclimate characteristics and soil fertility. However, F. moluccana showed lower soil fertility than C. spectabilis. F. moluccana and C. spectabilis shade trees were able to optimize light plants from 33 % to 34 %, and from 38 % to 39 %, respectively. F. moluccana could provide optimal air and soil temperature of 30 ⁰C to 32 ⁰C and 27 ⁰C, respectively. Meanwhile, C. spectabilis could provide optimal air and soil temperature of 29 ⁰C to 31⁰C and 26 ⁰C to 27 ⁰C, consecutively. Cocoa-tree agroforestry pattern using C. Spectabilis shade trees could optimize soil moisture content, pH, total N, and P, and availabilities of K, Ca, Mg, and B in soil.
{"title":"The improvement of microclimate and soil characteristics in cocoa-tree agroforestry patterns","authors":"Ramces Sitohang, E. Putra, Cahyo Wulandari","doi":"10.22146/ipas.67292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.67292","url":null,"abstract":"Shade trees are used in agroforestry pattern for production and service aspects. Cocoa-tree agroforestry pattern is expected to improve atmospheric and rhizosphere zone in cacao plantations. However, the information related to this is still quite limited. This study was conducted using a nested design, with types of shade trees as nest. Shade trees used were Falcataria moluccana, Cocos nucifera, and Cassia spectabilis, and without shade was used as control. Variables observed were light, air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil texture, bulk density, permeability, and moisture content. Soil chemical properties were also observed, including organic C, pH, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B and content of available P, K, Ca, Mg, and B. The results showed that cacao agroforestry pattern using F. moluccana and C. spectabilis was able to improve the microclimate characteristics and soil fertility. However, F. moluccana showed lower soil fertility than C. spectabilis. F. moluccana and C. spectabilis shade trees were able to optimize light plants from 33 % to 34 %, and from 38 % to 39 %, respectively. F. moluccana could provide optimal air and soil temperature of 30 ⁰C to 32 ⁰C and 27 ⁰C, respectively. Meanwhile, C. spectabilis could provide optimal air and soil temperature of 29 ⁰C to 31⁰C and 26 ⁰C to 27 ⁰C, consecutively. Cocoa-tree agroforestry pattern using C. Spectabilis shade trees could optimize soil moisture content, pH, total N, and P, and availabilities of K, Ca, Mg, and B in soil.","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44329180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Sevirasari, E. Sulistyaningsih, B. Kurniasih, S. Suryanti, A. Wibowo, T. Joko
Tiyung cultivar, the consumer preferences of hot pepper in Magelang Regency, is still low in productivity (7 ton.ha-1). This research aimed to determine the growth and yield of hot pepper planted in relay intercropping as affected by biological agent application as a technology to increase productivity. This research was arranged in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with an intercropping pattern of hot pepper (two and three rows model). The second factor was the application of biological agents, consisting of Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus velezensis B-27 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (with and without biological agents). The control was the monoculture of hot pepper without biological agent application. The data observed were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by the Duncan's Multiple Range Test at α= 5 %. The results showed that the relay intercropping of hot pepper produced less numbers of branches and leaves. It indicated more efficiency in the use of assimilates for the development of generative organs, thereby resulting in the high values fruits weight per plant, which were as high as those in monoculture. The productivity observed in relay intercropping was 12.93 ton.ha-1, which was 15.8 % higher than in monoculture. The application of biological agents significantly increased the stomatal density, the size of stomatal opening, the number of leaves, weight of fruits per plant and productivity of hot pepper. The productivity of plant applied with biological agents was 16.84 ton.ha-1, which was 86.50 % higher than that without biological agents application.
{"title":"Effects of relay intercropping model and application of biological agents on the growth and yield of hot pepper","authors":"N. Sevirasari, E. Sulistyaningsih, B. Kurniasih, S. Suryanti, A. Wibowo, T. Joko","doi":"10.22146/ipas.69078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.69078","url":null,"abstract":"Tiyung cultivar, the consumer preferences of hot pepper in Magelang Regency, is still low in productivity (7 ton.ha-1). This research aimed to determine the growth and yield of hot pepper planted in relay intercropping as affected by biological agent application as a technology to increase productivity. This research was arranged in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with an intercropping pattern of hot pepper (two and three rows model). The second factor was the application of biological agents, consisting of Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus velezensis B-27 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (with and without biological agents). The control was the monoculture of hot pepper without biological agent application. The data observed were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by the Duncan's Multiple Range Test at α= 5 %. The results showed that the relay intercropping of hot pepper produced less numbers of branches and leaves. It indicated more efficiency in the use of assimilates for the development of generative organs, thereby resulting in the high values fruits weight per plant, which were as high as those in monoculture. The productivity observed in relay intercropping was 12.93 ton.ha-1, which was 15.8 % higher than in monoculture. The application of biological agents significantly increased the stomatal density, the size of stomatal opening, the number of leaves, weight of fruits per plant and productivity of hot pepper. The productivity of plant applied with biological agents was 16.84 ton.ha-1, which was 86.50 % higher than that without biological agents application.","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45225428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improper soil management inland with steep slopes is one of the causes of decreased agricultural productivity in hilly areas. The use of terraces on steep slopes is considered effective in preventing erosion. However, this does not increase agricultural productivity significantly. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the performance of maize on land with and without terraces as affected by the addition of goat manure and NPK. A field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design, consisting of 12 experimental plots that were made on a hill with a slope of 79 % with three replications. Plant tissue samples were analyzed for assessing N, P, and K content. However, soil samples were measured for N, P, K, SOC, pH H2O, EC, CEC, and soil texture. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with a Post-Hoc test (DMRT at α= 5%). The application of manure and NPK fertilizers significantly improved EC, SOC, N, and P in soil, also N and P content in plant tissues. Goat manure played a role in improving soil properties, while NPK fertilizers played a role in supplying nutrient availability directly to plants. The best performance of maize was on land without terraces and cover crops (sweet potato). Competition for nutrients between maize and sweet potato occurred on land with terraces so that the performance of maize tended to be lower. Soil management on land with terraces needs to consider nutrient management and selection of cover crops so that both can increase maize productivity.
{"title":"Effects of manure and chemical fertilizers on maize performance in the steep hillside with and without terraces in North Halmahera, Indonesia","authors":"R. Rofita, S. Utami, A. Maas, M. Nurudin","doi":"10.22146/ipas.68139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.68139","url":null,"abstract":"Improper soil management inland with steep slopes is one of the causes of decreased agricultural productivity in hilly areas. The use of terraces on steep slopes is considered effective in preventing erosion. However, this does not increase agricultural productivity significantly. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the performance of maize on land with and without terraces as affected by the addition of goat manure and NPK. A field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design, consisting of 12 experimental plots that were made on a hill with a slope of 79 % with three replications. Plant tissue samples were analyzed for assessing N, P, and K content. However, soil samples were measured for N, P, K, SOC, pH H2O, EC, CEC, and soil texture. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with a Post-Hoc test (DMRT at α= 5%). The application of manure and NPK fertilizers significantly improved EC, SOC, N, and P in soil, also N and P content in plant tissues. Goat manure played a role in improving soil properties, while NPK fertilizers played a role in supplying nutrient availability directly to plants. The best performance of maize was on land without terraces and cover crops (sweet potato). Competition for nutrients between maize and sweet potato occurred on land with terraces so that the performance of maize tended to be lower. Soil management on land with terraces needs to consider nutrient management and selection of cover crops so that both can increase maize productivity.","PeriodicalId":13282,"journal":{"name":"Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47756516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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