Immunity, Inflammation and Disease最新文献_第10页

CAR-NK, a Splendid Strategy for Cancer, Especially for Gynecologic Tumor CAR-NK：治疗癌症尤其是妇科肿瘤的一种极好的策略

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70210

Yisen Cao, Liying Wang, Liang Wang

Background

NK cells are a class of innate lymphocytes capable of nonspecifically killing tumor cells without MHC restriction or prior sensitization. Recent advancements in biotechnology, particularly the development of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and related technologies, have enabled targeted tumor cell elimination. CAR endows NK cells with enhanced functionality, with the extracellular domains typically consisting of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) for targeting specific antigens. CAR-NK cells have shown excellent results in several preclinical studies and clinical trials for hematologic malignancies. However, their clinical application in the treatment of solid tumors is still insufficient. Current treatments for gynecological cancers primarily involve surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, all of which often present substantial side effects and variable efficacy. While CAR-T cell therapy has shown effectiveness in certain gynecological tumors, its clinical application is hindered by severe side effects, such as Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD). CAR-NK cell therapy offers improved safety profiles in clinical applications.

Objective

This review aims to systematically evaluate recent methodological innovations in CAR-NK engineering and their translational potential in tumor-targeted treatment, providing valuable insights for clinical trials and studies.

Methods

Electronic databases, including PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature. Keywords are as follows: CAR-NK cell; Chimeric antigen receptor; Solid tumor; cell therapy; gynecological cancers.

Results

CAR-NK engineering has innovations such as multi-targeted CAR design, gene editing for enhanced persistence, and “off-the-shelf” CAR-NK cells compared to CAR-T cells.

Conclusion

CAR-NK cell therapy combines safety and anti-tumor efficacy, particularly for gynecological cancers.

NK细胞是一类先天淋巴细胞，能够在没有MHC限制或事先致敏的情况下非特异性杀死肿瘤细胞。生物技术的最新进展，特别是嵌合抗原受体（CAR）和相关技术的发展，使靶向肿瘤细胞消除成为可能。CAR赋予NK细胞增强的功能，细胞外结构域通常由单链可变片段（scFv）组成，用于靶向特定抗原。CAR-NK细胞在血液恶性肿瘤的临床前研究和临床试验中显示出优异的效果。然而，它们在实体瘤治疗中的临床应用仍然不足。目前妇科癌症的治疗方法主要包括手术、化疗和放疗，这些治疗方法都有很大的副作用，而且疗效不一。虽然CAR-T细胞疗法在某些妇科肿瘤中显示出有效性，但其临床应用受到严重副作用的阻碍，如细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）和移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。CAR-NK细胞疗法在临床应用中提供了更好的安全性。目的系统评价近年来CAR-NK工程的方法学创新及其在肿瘤靶向治疗中的转化潜力，为临床试验和研究提供有价值的见解。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science等电子数据库的相关文献。关键词：CAR-NK细胞；嵌合抗原受体；固体肿瘤;细胞疗法;妇科癌症。CAR- nk工程具有创新，如多靶向CAR设计，增强持久性的基因编辑，以及与CAR- t细胞相比的“现成”CAR- nk细胞。结论CAR-NK细胞治疗安全性好，抗肿瘤效果好，对妇科肿瘤疗效显著。

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引用次数: 0

Misdiagnosis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis in Patients With Cocaine/Levamisole–Associated Autoimmune Syndrome and Cocaine-Induced Midline Destructive Lesions: A Case Series 可卡因/左旋咪唑相关自身免疫综合征和可卡因致中线破坏性病变患者anca相关血管炎的误诊：一个病例系列

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70215

Kehinde Sunmboye, Ameen Jubber, Maumer Durrani, Jeremy Royle, Shireen Shaffu

Background

Cocaine/Levamisole-Associated Autoimmune Syndrome (CLAAS) encompasses a spectrum of autoimmune and vasculitic phenomena, which includes Cocaine-Induced Midline Destructive Lesions (CIMDL), which can mimic ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) due to overlapping clinical features and the potential for ANCA positivity. These similarities can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate immunosuppressive therapy.

Methods

This study highlights a case series of seven patients (from 2015 to 2024) with CLAAS with its subset of CIMDL, initially misdiagnosed as active AAV, in patients who were referred to various clinicians in the Rheumatology unit of a Tertiary Hospital in the United Kingdom.

Results

All patients presented with nasal symptoms, and they all exhibited additional systemic manifestations consistent with CLAAS. Five were ANCA-positive at initial evaluation, leading to the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy; however, symptoms persisted. The diagnoses were then revised to CIMDL in all cases within the broader context of CLAAS following the identification of cocaine use after further patient inquiry and urine toxicology for drug of abuse (DOA) screening found cocaine metabolites.

Conclusion

A comprehensive drug history and urine toxicology screening are crucial in patients with suspected AAV, as ANCA positivity can occur in CLAAS as well as its subset of CIMDL, complicating the diagnosis. Differentiating between AAV and CIMDL related to CLAAS is essential to avoid unnecessary immunosuppression.

可卡因/左旋咪唑相关自身免疫综合征（CLAAS）包括一系列自身免疫和血管现象，其中包括可卡因诱导的中线破坏性病变（CIMDL），由于重叠的临床特征和潜在的ANCA阳性，它可以模拟ANCA相关血管炎（AAV）。这些相似性可能导致误诊和不适当的免疫抑制治疗。本研究重点分析了7例患者的病例系列（从2015年到2024年），这些患者患有CLAAS及其CIMDL亚型，最初被误诊为活动性AAV，这些患者被转诊到英国一家三级医院的风湿病科的各种临床医生。结果所有患者均出现鼻腔症状，并伴有与CLAAS相符的其他全身性表现。5例在初始评估时为anca阳性，导致开始免疫抑制治疗；然而，症状持续存在。在进一步的患者问询和药物滥用尿液毒理学（DOA）筛查发现可卡因代谢物后，在clas更广泛的背景下，所有病例的诊断都被修改为CIMDL。结论全面的用药史和尿毒理学筛查对疑似AAV患者至关重要，因为ANCA阳性可发生在CLAAS及其CIMDL亚群中，使诊断复杂化。区分AAV和与CLAAS相关的CIMDL是必要的，以避免不必要的免疫抑制。

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引用次数: 0

Utility of Prognostic Nutritional Index and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Inpatients With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Large Prospective Cohort Study 突发性感音神经性听力损失患者预后营养指数和全身免疫炎症指数的应用：一项大型前瞻性队列研究

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70217

Xu Zhang, Junyi Wu, Wentao Zhang, Maohua Wang, Bing Guan, Qiao Jiang, Chunping Yang

Background

This study mainly explores the correlation between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Methods

In this study, 150 SSNHL patients (average age 48.98 ± 16.45 years; 48.92% male, 50.93% female) were categorized into effective and ineffective treatment groups. Additionally, 150 healthy volunteers (average age 49.49 ± 9.75 years; 51.08% male, 49.07% female) served as the control group. Baseline characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory results were collected, and SII and PNI were calculated for analysis. Linear correlation, logistic regression, and receiver characteristic curve analyses were conducted to explore the link between immune nutrition levels and SSNHL.

Results

In the SSNHL group, PNI was significantly lower, while SII, platelet, and neutrophil counts were notably higher compared to controls (p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified low PNI (OR = 0.878), high SII (OR = 1.005), and elevated neutrophils (OR = 1.758) as predictors of SSNHL. Data comparison showed higher nutritional levels in the effective treatment group than in the ineffective group. Logistic regression indicated that low PNI (OR = 1.075) and high SII (OR = 1.004) were strongly linked to treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

There is a relationship between the body's immune nutrition level and the occurrence and development of SSNHL. Lower PNI and higher SII are associated with the occurrence of SSNHL and poor outcomes. However, further research into the underlying mechanisms is needed.

本研究主要探讨预后营养指数（PNI）和全身免疫炎症指数（SII）与突发性感音神经性听力损失（SSNHL）的相关性。方法选取150例SSNHL患者(平均年龄48.98±16.45岁；男性48.92%，女性50.93%)分为有效组和无效组。健康志愿者150人(平均年龄49.49±9.75岁；男性51.08%，女性49.07%)作为对照组。收集基线特征、临床资料和实验室结果，并计算SII和PNI进行分析。通过线性相关分析、logistic回归分析和受试者特征曲线分析，探讨免疫营养水平与SSNHL之间的关系。结果SSNHL组PNI明显降低，SII、血小板和中性粒细胞计数明显高于对照组（p < 0.001）。Logistic回归发现低PNI （OR = 0.878）、高SII （OR = 1.005）和中性粒细胞升高（OR = 1.758）是SSNHL的预测因子。资料比较显示，有效治疗组营养水平高于无效治疗组。Logistic回归显示低PNI （OR = 1.075）和高SII （OR = 1.004）与治疗结果密切相关。结论机体免疫营养水平与SSNHL的发生发展有一定关系。较低的PNI和较高的SII与SSNHL的发生和不良预后相关。然而，需要进一步研究其潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Arsenic Trioxide Enhances the Efficacy of PD-1 Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death via the ROS/ERS Pathway 三氧化二砷通过ROS/ERS通路诱导免疫原性细胞死亡，增强PD-1抑制剂在肝癌中的疗效

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70214

Xionghui Wang, Simo Cheng, Yannan Xu, Tianxiao Zheng, Changquan Ling, Juan Du

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health challenge, with limited efficacy of current immunotherapeutic strategies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), characterized by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), offers a promising approach to enhance antitumor immunity. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), an ICD inducer, may synergize with PD-1 inhibitors to overcome therapeutic resistance, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods

The cytotoxicity of ATO was evaluated via MTT, clonogenic, and apoptosis assays. ROS levels were quantified using ROS fluorescent probes. ERS activation was confirmed by Western blot detection of Calnexin, PDI, ATF-4, p-elF2α, and Caspase-12. ICD induction was assessed by measuring DAMPs (CRT exposure, HMGB1/ATP/IFN-β release). The roles of ROS/ERS pathways were dissected using NAC (ROS inhibitor) or 4-PBA (ERS inhibitor) pre-treatment. Ex vivo dendritic cell maturation assays analyzed ATO-treated HCC cells' immunostimulatory capacity, while In Vivo models evaluated immune microenvironment modulation via flow cytometry. Prophylactic/therapeutic tumor vaccine experiments assessed antitumor immunity using ATO-treated HCC cells as vaccines. Synergy between ATO and PD-1 blockade was tested in tumor-bearing mice by combining ATO with anti-PD-1 antibodies, monitoring tumor growth kinetics and survival outcomes.

Results

ATO dose-dependently reduced HCC cell viability while elevating intracellular ROS levels and activating ERS. These processes triggered the release/surface exposure of ICD-related DAMPs, including CRT, HMGB1, ATP, and IFN-β, leading to dendritic cells maturation and tumor immune microenvironment remodeling. ATO-treated HCC cells exhibited enhanced immunogenicity, functioning as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to stimulate antitumor immunity. Notably, ATO significantly potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors In Vivo.

Conclusion

ATO induces ICD in HCC via a ROS/ERS signaling axis, thereby amplifying antitumor immune responses and synergizing with PD-1 blockade. These findings support the clinical evaluation of ATO-PD-1 inhibitor combinations to improve outcomes in HCC patients.

肝细胞癌（HCC）仍然是一个主要的全球健康挑战，目前的免疫治疗策略疗效有限。免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）以损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）的释放为特征，为增强抗肿瘤免疫提供了一种有希望的方法。三氧化二砷（ATO）是一种ICD诱导剂，可能与PD-1抑制剂协同克服治疗耐药，但其潜在机制尚不清楚。方法采用MTT法、克隆诱导法和细胞凋亡法评价ATO的细胞毒性。采用ROS荧光探针定量测定ROS水平。Western blot检测Calnexin、PDI、ATF-4、p-elF2α和Caspase-12证实ERS活化。通过测量DAMPs （CRT暴露，HMGB1/ATP/IFN-β释放）来评估ICD诱导。采用NAC （ROS抑制剂）或4-PBA （ERS抑制剂）预处理，剖析ROS/ERS通路的作用。体外树突状细胞成熟分析分析了ato处理的HCC细胞的免疫刺激能力，而体内模型通过流式细胞术评估免疫微环境调节。预防性/治疗性肿瘤疫苗实验评估了使用ato处理的HCC细胞作为疫苗的抗肿瘤免疫。在荷瘤小鼠中，通过ATO与抗PD-1抗体联合检测ATO与PD-1阻断之间的协同作用，监测肿瘤生长动力学和生存结果。结果ATO剂量依赖性地降低HCC细胞活力，同时提高细胞内ROS水平并激活ERS。这些过程触发了icd相关DAMPs的释放/表面暴露，包括CRT、HMGB1、ATP和IFN-β，导致树突状细胞成熟和肿瘤免疫微环境重塑。ato处理的HCC细胞表现出增强的免疫原性，可作为预防性和治疗性疫苗刺激抗肿瘤免疫。值得注意的是，ATO在体内显著增强了PD-1抑制剂的治疗效果。结论ATO通过ROS/ERS信号轴诱导HCC的ICD，从而增强抗肿瘤免疫反应并与PD-1阻断协同作用。这些发现支持了ATO-PD-1抑制剂联合治疗改善HCC患者预后的临床评价。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of Treatment and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Antinuclear Antibody-Positive Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion 抗核抗体阳性复发性自然流产的治疗及妊娠结局分析

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70216

Ancong Wang, Fengxia Wu, Min Liu, Zhenchun Zhang, Shuxia Li, Qihua Tan

Background

The etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has not been clearly defined. The role of autoantibodies in RSA has particularly attracted much attention.

Objective

A retrospective analysis was performed to explore the combinatory efficacy of five drugs (aspirin enteric-coated tablets, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, methylprednisolone tablets, calcitriol capsules, and vitamin D calcium) in treating RSA patients with antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive but could not be diagnosed with autoimmune diseases (AID) through assessment of treatment-related impact on subsequent pregnancy outcomes and adverse reactions.

Method of the Study

Patients who took medication regularly were defined as the observation group (125 cases), and patients who did not take medication or took medication less than 1 month as the control group (86 cases). According to the ANA titer, patients were further divided into subgroups of 1:100, 1:320, and 1:1000, respectively.

Results

Comparison of the observation and the control groups without ANA subgrouping showed that the live birth rate in the observation group was higher (odds ratio 3.312, p < 0.001), and the miscarriage rate was lower than that of the control group (odds ratio 0.302, p < 0.001). Statistically significant results were obtained in ANA titer 1:100 subgrouping (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the observation groups and the control groups for the ANA titers 1:320 and 1:1000. No statistically significant differences were observed in pregnancy rate, birthweight, neonatal 1-min Apgar score, and incidence of pregnancy complications between the observation and the control groups. Besides, the treatment showed a low incidence of adverse effects.

Conclusion

In summary, RSA patients who are ANA positive (titer 1:100) but not yet diagnosed as AID can have improved pregnancy outcomes after treatment.

背景复发性自然流产（RSA）的病因尚未明确。自身抗体在RSA中的作用尤其受到关注。目的回顾性分析阿司匹林肠溶片、硫酸羟氯喹、甲基强的松龙片、骨化三醇胶囊、抗核抗体（ANA）阳性，但通过评估治疗相关对妊娠结局和不良反应的影响，无法诊断为自身免疫性疾病（AID）的RSA患者。研究方法定期服药的患者为观察组（125例），未服药或服药不足1个月的患者为对照组（86例）。根据ANA滴度将患者进一步分为1:100、1:20 20、1:1000的亚组。结果观察组与无ANA亚组的对照组比较，观察组活产率高于对照组（优势比3.312,p < 0.001），流产率低于对照组（优势比0.302,p < 0.001）。ANA滴度1:100亚组结果具有统计学意义（p < 0.001）。观察组与对照组ANA滴度1:20 0、1:1000差异无统计学意义。观察组与对照组在妊娠率、出生体重、新生儿1分钟Apgar评分、妊娠并发症发生率方面均无统计学差异。此外，该治疗方法不良反应发生率低。结论ANA阳性（滴度1:100）但未诊断为aids的RSA患者经治疗后妊娠结局改善。

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引用次数: 0

Visualization of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus in FFPE Skin Sections Using NanoSuit-CLEM: Ultrastructural Evidence of Viral Spread via Skin Barrier Disruption 使用nanosuite - clem可视化FFPE皮肤切片中的传染性软疣病毒：病毒通过皮肤屏障破坏传播的超微结构证据

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70212

Yuri Sakano, Hideya Kawasaki

Background

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common viral skin infection caused by members of the Poxviridae family. It primarily affects children, sexually active adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Although MC spreads through direct contact and auto-inoculation, the precise mechanisms by which the virus penetrates the skin barrier remain poorly understood.

Methods

We applied NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy (NanoSuit-CLEM) to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) skin sections to visualize MC virus particles in situ with high resolution. Melan-A immunohistochemistry using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) with osmium staining was performed to identify Henderson–Patterson bodies.

Results

Ultrastructural analysis revealed that MC virus particles were densely localized in the stratum corneum but did not invade deeper epithelial layers in intact skin. However, in areas of epidermal disruption, such as detached or damaged stratum corneum, the virus was observed penetrating into lower layers. While Melan-A immunostaining successfully detected Henderson–Patterson bodies, it failed to identify mature MC virus particles. In contrast, NanoSuit-CLEM combined with Mayer's hematoxylin and lead staining enabled detailed visualization of mature viral particles and their distribution within the stratum corneum.

Conclusions

These findings provide direct ultrastructural evidence that MC virus entry occurs through compromised skin, underscoring the crucial role of the stratum corneum in barrier function. This study highlights the importance of preventing mechanical skin injury, such as scratching or shaving, to limit MC transmission. NanoSuit-CLEM offers a powerful new tool for studying viral pathogenesis in archival tissue samples.

背景传染性软疣（MC）是由痘病毒科成员引起的一种常见的病毒性皮肤感染。它主要影响儿童、性活跃的成年人和免疫功能低下的个体。虽然MC通过直接接触和自身接种传播，但病毒穿透皮肤屏障的确切机制仍然知之甚少。方法应用nanosuite相关光电子显微镜（nanosuite - clem）对福尔马林固定石蜡包埋（FFPE）皮肤切片进行高分辨率观察。使用3,3 ' -二氨基联苯胺（DAB）和锇染色进行黑色素瘤a免疫组织化学鉴定亨德森-帕特森小体。结果超微结构分析显示，在完整皮肤中，MC病毒颗粒密集分布于角质层，未侵入更深的上皮层。然而，在表皮破裂的区域，如角质层脱落或受损，观察到病毒渗透到较低的层。虽然Melan-A免疫染色成功检测到亨德森-帕特森小体，但无法识别成熟的MC病毒颗粒。相比之下，nanosuite - clem结合Mayer的苏木精和铅染色可以详细地可视化成熟病毒颗粒及其在角质层中的分布。结论这些发现为MC病毒通过受损皮肤进入提供了直接的超微结构证据，强调了角质层在屏障功能中的重要作用。这项研究强调了防止机械性皮肤损伤（如刮伤或剃须）对限制MC传播的重要性。nanosuite - clem为研究档案组织样本中的病毒发病机制提供了一个强大的新工具。

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引用次数: 0

RETRACTION: lncRNA BZRAP1-AS1 Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Regulating miR-1286/COL5A2 Axis 结论：lncRNA BZRAP1-AS1通过调节miR-1286/COL5A2轴缓解类风湿关节炎

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70204

RETRACTION: J. Zhu, S. Tu and Q. Qu, “lncRNA BZRAP1-AS1 Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Regulating miR-1286/COL5A2 Axis,” Immunity, Inflammation and Disease 10, no. 2 (2022): 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.558.

The above article, published online on 11 November 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Marc Veldhoen; and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed upon due to inconsistencies and flaws identified in this article that affect the validity of the conclusions. The authors did not respond to address the concerns raised and did not provide their original data. The editors consider the results and conclusions reported in this article unreliable. The authors were informed of the retraction.

引用本文：朱军，杜淑娟，瞿琪，“通过调节miR-1286/COL5A2轴的lncRNA BZRAP1-AS1缓解类风湿关节炎”，《中华免疫学杂志》，第10期。2 (2022): 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.558.The上述文章于2021年11月11日在线发表在Wiley在线图书馆（wileyonlinelibrary.com）上，经期刊主编Marc Veldhoen同意撤回；约翰·威利&；儿子,有限公司由于本文中发现的不一致和缺陷影响了结论的有效性，因此已同意撤回。作者没有回应所提出的担忧，也没有提供他们的原始数据。编辑认为本文报道的结果和结论不可靠。作者被告知撤稿。

引用次数: 0

RETRACTION: NEAT1 Enhances MPP + -Induced Pyroptosis in a Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease via Targeting miR-5047/YAF2 Signaling 撤回：NEAT1通过靶向miR-5047/YAF2信号通路增强MPP +诱导的帕金森病细胞模型中的焦亡

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70208

RETRACTION: H. Shen, H. Song, S. Wang, D. Su and Q. Sun, “NEAT1 Enhances MPP + -Induced Pyroptosis in a Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease via Targeting miR-5047/YAF2 Signaling,” Immunity, Inflammation and Disease 11, no. 6 (2023): e817, https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.817.

The above article, published online on 23 June 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Marc Veldhoen; and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed upon due to the ASC western blot bands in Figure 1 C being found duplicated in a previously published article, representing a different scientific context. The authors were contacted for comment and supporting data but did not respond. The editors consider the results and conclusions of this article unreliable. The authors were informed of the retraction.

引用本文：沈红红，宋红红，王顺生，苏东，孙强，“NEAT1在MPP +诱导的帕金森氏病细胞模型中靶向miR-5047/YAF2信号通路的作用”，《中华免疫学杂志》，第11期，no. 11。6 (2023): e817, https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.817.The上述文章于2023年6月23日在线发表在Wiley在线图书馆（wileyonlinelibrary.com）上，经期刊主编Marc Veldhoen同意撤回；约翰·威利&；儿子,有限公司由于图1c中的ASC western blot条带在先前发表的一篇文章中被发现重复，代表了不同的科学背景，因此已同意撤回。我们联系了作者寻求评论和支持数据，但他们没有回应。编辑认为这篇文章的结果和结论不可靠。作者被告知撤稿。

引用次数: 0

Role of P2X7R in Retinal Diseases: A Review P2X7R在视网膜疾病中的作用

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70203

Chunli Li, Binsheng Wang

Background

P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated ion channel that, upon activation by ATP, triggers the release of inflammatory mediators and induces apoptosis in cells. This channel plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of various diseases. Recently, there has been a growing body of research focused on the function of P2X7R receptors in ophthalmic conditions, particularly concerning retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa.

Objective

This article is to provide a comprehensive review of the advancements in the study of P2X7R and its association with retinal diseases, elucidating its role in these conditions and identifying potential avenues for future research.

Methods

Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Wan fang Data were searched for relevant literature. The following keywords were used: “P2X7R”, Age-related macular degeneration”, “Diabetic retinopathy”, “Retinitis pigmentosa”. Both preclinical and clinical studies were included to provide a holistic understanding of P2X7R's role in retinal pathology.

Results

P2X7R activation exacerbates retinal diseases by promoting inflammation and apoptosis. However, its role in disease progression and homeostasis complicates therapeutic targeting, highlighting the need for selective inhibitors and further research into its context-dependent functions.

Conclusion

P2X7R plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases. At the same time, preclinical studies suggest that P2X7R inhibition holds promise as a therapeutic strategy. Future research should focus on developing selective P2X7R inhibitors, elucidating the receptor's role in different disease stages, and identifying biomarkers to guide personalized treatment. Addressing these challenges will be essential for translating P2X7R-targeted therapies into clinical practice and improving outcomes for patients with retinal diseases.

P2X嘌呤受体7受体（P2X7R）是一种ATP门控离子通道，被ATP激活后，触发炎症介质的释放，诱导细胞凋亡。这条通道在各种疾病的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。近年来，越来越多的研究关注P2X7R受体在眼科疾病中的功能，特别是与视网膜疾病如年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病性视网膜病变和视网膜色素变性有关。目的综述P2X7R基因及其与视网膜疾病关系的研究进展，阐明其在视网膜疾病中的作用，并指出未来研究的潜在途径。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、万方数据等电子数据库的相关文献。关键词：“P2X7R”、“老年性黄斑变性”、“糖尿病视网膜病变”、“色素性视网膜炎”。包括临床前和临床研究，以全面了解P2X7R在视网膜病理中的作用。结果P2X7R激活通过促进炎症和细胞凋亡而加重视网膜疾病。然而，它在疾病进展和体内平衡中的作用使治疗靶向变得复杂，因此需要选择性抑制剂和进一步研究其环境依赖性功能。结论P2X7R在视网膜疾病的发病机制中起关键作用。与此同时，临床前研究表明，P2X7R抑制有望成为一种治疗策略。未来的研究应侧重于开发选择性P2X7R抑制剂，阐明该受体在不同疾病阶段的作用，并确定生物标志物以指导个性化治疗。解决这些挑战对于将p2x7r靶向治疗转化为临床实践和改善视网膜疾病患者的预后至关重要。

{"title":"Role of P2X7R in Retinal Diseases: A Review","authors":"Chunli Li, Binsheng Wang","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated ion channel that, upon activation by ATP, triggers the release of inflammatory mediators and induces apoptosis in cells. This channel plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of various diseases. Recently, there has been a growing body of research focused on the function of P2X7R receptors in ophthalmic conditions, particularly concerning retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article is to provide a comprehensive review of the advancements in the study of P2X7R and its association with retinal diseases, elucidating its role in these conditions and identifying potential avenues for future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Wan fang Data were searched for relevant literature. The following keywords were used: “P2X7R”, Age-related macular degeneration”, “Diabetic retinopathy”, “Retinitis pigmentosa”. Both preclinical and clinical studies were included to provide a holistic understanding of P2X7R's role in retinal pathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>P2X7R activation exacerbates retinal diseases by promoting inflammation and apoptosis. However, its role in disease progression and homeostasis complicates therapeutic targeting, highlighting the need for selective inhibitors and further research into its context-dependent functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>P2X7R plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases. At the same time, preclinical studies suggest that P2X7R inhibition holds promise as a therapeutic strategy. Future research should focus on developing selective P2X7R inhibitors, elucidating the receptor's role in different disease stages, and identifying biomarkers to guide personalized treatment. Addressing these challenges will be essential for translating P2X7R-targeted therapies into clinical practice and improving outcomes for patients with retinal diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors as Immunostimulatory Molecules 模式识别受体作为免疫刺激分子的作用探讨

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70150

Meenal Sharma, Priyanka Wagh, Tanvi Shinde, Diptee Trimbake, Anuradha S. Tripathy

Background

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the receptors of the innate immune system that play a vital role in initiating innate immune response. PRRs recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate immune cells through a signaling cascade. Due to this remarkable ability to recognize pathogenic microbes and elucidation of an immune response in a well-organized manner, PRR agonizts are likely to have great potential as vaccine adjuvants. Recent advancements in vaccine development raised concerns regarding the reduced immunogenicity of various vaccines, questioning the vaccine efficacy. In such cases, the use of an adjuvant becomes crucial. Understanding the structure and downstream signaling of PRRs will provide the possibility of developing a novel therapeutic approach.

Method

The rapidly evolving field of immunology and vaccinology, coupled with the increasing focus on PRRs in disease therapy, demands a comprehensive overview. In this review, we provide all-inclusive and contemporary gist on PRRs and the applications of their agonizts. We explored the potential of PRR agonizts as vaccine adjuvant. The current review integrates the basic understanding of PRRs and recent findings highlighting emerging trends of the same.

Result

Our review highlights that combining multiple PRR agonizts could offer synergistic benefits. This approach might prove advantageous and could potentially enhance vaccine efficacy and reduce the need for excessive immunogens.

Conclusion

A comprehensive understanding of PRR subset, agonizts of PRR and their application in vaccine adjuvant. This knowledge will be significant in formulating vaccine approaches.

模式识别受体（PRRs）是先天免疫系统的受体，在启动先天免疫应答中起着至关重要的作用。PRRs识别病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）并通过信号级联激活免疫细胞。由于这种识别病原微生物的卓越能力和以良好组织的方式阐明免疫反应，PRR激动剂可能具有作为疫苗佐剂的巨大潜力。疫苗发展的最新进展引起了人们对各种疫苗免疫原性降低的担忧，质疑疫苗的效力。在这种情况下，佐剂的使用就变得至关重要。了解PRRs的结构和下游信号将为开发新的治疗方法提供可能性。方法随着免疫学和疫苗学领域的快速发展，以及对PRRs在疾病治疗中的日益关注，需要对其进行全面的综述。在这篇综述中，我们提供了全面的和现代的依据，PRRs和他们的激动剂的应用。我们探索了PRR激动剂作为疫苗佐剂的潜力。本综述综合了对PRRs的基本认识和最近的研究结果，强调了新出现的趋势。结果本综述强调多种PRR激动剂联合使用可产生协同效应。这种方法可能被证明是有利的，并可能提高疫苗效力并减少对过量免疫原的需求。结论对PRR亚型、PRR致痛因子及其在疫苗佐剂中的应用有全面的认识。这方面的知识将对制定疫苗方法具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0