Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.17485/ijst/v17i19.861
V. Logeswari, S. Yamini, P. Pavithra, A. S. Papitha, D. Lakshmi
Objectives: To biosynthesize, evaluate, and investigate the green synthesis of silver-cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles using red alga Amphiroa sp. and its interactions with human pathogens in a colloidal condition. Methods: The marine red algal extract of Amphiroa sp. was used to synthesize the bimetallic nanoparticles of Ag and Co. For this 50mL of 10-3 aqueous Ag-Co prepared solutions were combined with 50mL of pure algal extract. It was characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. It was tested for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The antibacterial activity of bimetallic nanoparticles was tested on five human pathogens Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MTT assay method was used for cytotoxic activity for MCF-7 Breast cancer cell lines. Findings: The green synthesized Amphiroa sp. bimetallic nanoparticles showed a UV-Vis spectrum absorption peak at 517nm. Analysis of the FTIR spectra verified the functional groups involved in the production of the Ag-Co nanoparticles. The diffraction pattern of silver-cobalt nanoparticles and the X-ray diffraction pattern of silver nanoparticles showed diffraction angles at 2θ values of 32.5°(15), 46.5°(11) which correspond to (111), (200), and (220). The particle size distribution, which ranges from 56 to 250nm, and the shape was revealed by SEM investigation to be cubic to rhomboidal, thus, they were confirmed to be nanoparticles as well as fine particles/particulate matter. Radical scavenging activity by DPPH, ABTS, and ferrous-reducing power assays were used to investigate the antioxidant potential. The antibacterial activity of bimetallic nanoparticles was tested on five human pathogens and with the zone of inhibition of 23, 18, and 20 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The cytotoxic effect was observed on MCF-7 cancer cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 value of our Ag-Co bimetallic sample was found to be 70.90µg/ml at 200µg/mL concentrations. Novelty: Biosynthesizing and investigating Ag-Co bimetallic nanoparticles using red alga and its characterization, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Keywords: Amphiroa sp.; Ag-Co Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs); antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity
{"title":"Study of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Ag-Co Bimetallic Nanoparticles Biosynthesized from Red Alga (Amphiroa sp.)","authors":"V. Logeswari, S. Yamini, P. Pavithra, A. S. Papitha, D. Lakshmi","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i19.861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i19.861","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To biosynthesize, evaluate, and investigate the green synthesis of silver-cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles using red alga Amphiroa sp. and its interactions with human pathogens in a colloidal condition. Methods: The marine red algal extract of Amphiroa sp. was used to synthesize the bimetallic nanoparticles of Ag and Co. For this 50mL of 10-3 aqueous Ag-Co prepared solutions were combined with 50mL of pure algal extract. It was characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. It was tested for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The antibacterial activity of bimetallic nanoparticles was tested on five human pathogens Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MTT assay method was used for cytotoxic activity for MCF-7 Breast cancer cell lines. Findings: The green synthesized Amphiroa sp. bimetallic nanoparticles showed a UV-Vis spectrum absorption peak at 517nm. Analysis of the FTIR spectra verified the functional groups involved in the production of the Ag-Co nanoparticles. The diffraction pattern of silver-cobalt nanoparticles and the X-ray diffraction pattern of silver nanoparticles showed diffraction angles at 2θ values of 32.5°(15), 46.5°(11) which correspond to (111), (200), and (220). The particle size distribution, which ranges from 56 to 250nm, and the shape was revealed by SEM investigation to be cubic to rhomboidal, thus, they were confirmed to be nanoparticles as well as fine particles/particulate matter. Radical scavenging activity by DPPH, ABTS, and ferrous-reducing power assays were used to investigate the antioxidant potential. The antibacterial activity of bimetallic nanoparticles was tested on five human pathogens and with the zone of inhibition of 23, 18, and 20 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The cytotoxic effect was observed on MCF-7 cancer cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 value of our Ag-Co bimetallic sample was found to be 70.90µg/ml at 200µg/mL concentrations. Novelty: Biosynthesizing and investigating Ag-Co bimetallic nanoparticles using red alga and its characterization, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Keywords: Amphiroa sp.; Ag-Co Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs); antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":"32 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.17485/ijst/v17i19.2951
Salma S. Shahapur, Praveen Chitti, Shahak Patil, Chinmay Abhay Nerurkar, Vijay Shivaram Shivannagol, Vinayak C Rayanaikar, Vishwajit Sawant, Vadiraj Betageri
Objectives: Develop a predictive model to categorize student’s stress levels and support early interventions based on self-reported data, academic performance, and study load. This will help to receive early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: In this work the data set used was downloaded from a website called KAGGLE. The dataset has more than 6000 samples, the parameters considered in this dataset are Anxiety level, self-esteem, mental_health_history, depression, headache, blood pressure, sleep_quality, breathing_problem, noise_level, living conditions, Safety, basic needs, academic performance, study_load, teacher_student_relationship, future_career_concerns, social support, peer_pressure, extracurricular_activities and bullying which directly or indirectly has an effect on the mental health of the students, so basically here 20 different types of factors are taken into consideration. This specific Research Work employs Machine Learning (ML) approaches to analyze stress levels in students from stress-level text data. Logistic Regression (LR) with 89.46%, KNeighbors with 92.8%, Decision Tree with 94.5%, Random Forest with 95%, and Gradient Boosting with 90.15%, algorithms are used to determine stress levels. Findings: Several significant findings have emerged in this research on predicting mental stress levels in students using machine learning. Studies on feature importance emphasize the importance of sleep quality, depression, mental_health_history, academic performance, and participation in extracurricular activities and several other parameters as critical criteria for accurate prediction. Multimodal techniques that integrate data from mental health history, family history, and academic records provide a more complete picture of a student’s life. Temporal dynamics are important, as stress levels fluctuate throughout time as a result of academic and personal events. Some research goes beyond prediction, investigating intervention options based on tailored stress management suggestions. Novelty: In order to anticipate student’s mental stress, this study presents a novel machine-learning architecture. This methodology attempts to give early identification of students’ mental health at risk by leveraging diverse data sources and using different machine learning algorithms with a very high accuracy level. Keywords: Stress Level, Students, Machine Learning, Decision Tree, Physio Bank
{"title":"Decoding Minds: Estimation of Stress Level in Students using Machine Learning","authors":"Salma S. Shahapur, Praveen Chitti, Shahak Patil, Chinmay Abhay Nerurkar, Vijay Shivaram Shivannagol, Vinayak C Rayanaikar, Vishwajit Sawant, Vadiraj Betageri","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i19.2951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i19.2951","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Develop a predictive model to categorize student’s stress levels and support early interventions based on self-reported data, academic performance, and study load. This will help to receive early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: In this work the data set used was downloaded from a website called KAGGLE. The dataset has more than 6000 samples, the parameters considered in this dataset are Anxiety level, self-esteem, mental_health_history, depression, headache, blood pressure, sleep_quality, breathing_problem, noise_level, living conditions, Safety, basic needs, academic performance, study_load, teacher_student_relationship, future_career_concerns, social support, peer_pressure, extracurricular_activities and bullying which directly or indirectly has an effect on the mental health of the students, so basically here 20 different types of factors are taken into consideration. This specific Research Work employs Machine Learning (ML) approaches to analyze stress levels in students from stress-level text data. Logistic Regression (LR) with 89.46%, KNeighbors with 92.8%, Decision Tree with 94.5%, Random Forest with 95%, and Gradient Boosting with 90.15%, algorithms are used to determine stress levels. Findings: Several significant findings have emerged in this research on predicting mental stress levels in students using machine learning. Studies on feature importance emphasize the importance of sleep quality, depression, mental_health_history, academic performance, and participation in extracurricular activities and several other parameters as critical criteria for accurate prediction. Multimodal techniques that integrate data from mental health history, family history, and academic records provide a more complete picture of a student’s life. Temporal dynamics are important, as stress levels fluctuate throughout time as a result of academic and personal events. Some research goes beyond prediction, investigating intervention options based on tailored stress management suggestions. Novelty: In order to anticipate student’s mental stress, this study presents a novel machine-learning architecture. This methodology attempts to give early identification of students’ mental health at risk by leveraging diverse data sources and using different machine learning algorithms with a very high accuracy level. Keywords: Stress Level, Students, Machine Learning, Decision Tree, Physio Bank","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.17485/ijst/v17i19.1033
K. G. Nagarathnamma, Leena N Shenoy, S. Krishna
Objectives: To explore the bounds for the modified detour index of certain Hamiltonian connected and laceable graphs. Methods: The Wiener index , detour index and the modified detour index are used. Findings: Here we introduce the modified detour index and its least upper bounds for Hamiltonian connected and laceable graphs, by formulating the constraints. Novelty: Based on the modified detour index, the bounds for some special graphs such as: Hamiltonian connected graphs of two families of convex polytopes ( and ) and Hamiltonian laceable graphs of spider graph ( ) and image graph of prism graph ( ) are encountered here. Keywords: Hamiltonian graph, Hamiltonian connected, Hamiltonian laceable, Wiener index, detour index
{"title":"Modified Detour Index of Hamiltonian Connected (Laceable) Graphs","authors":"K. G. Nagarathnamma, Leena N Shenoy, S. Krishna","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i19.1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i19.1033","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To explore the bounds for the modified detour index of certain Hamiltonian connected and laceable graphs. Methods: The Wiener index , detour index and the modified detour index are used. Findings: Here we introduce the modified detour index and its least upper bounds for Hamiltonian connected and laceable graphs, by formulating the constraints. Novelty: Based on the modified detour index, the bounds for some special graphs such as: Hamiltonian connected graphs of two families of convex polytopes ( and ) and Hamiltonian laceable graphs of spider graph ( ) and image graph of prism graph ( ) are encountered here. Keywords: Hamiltonian graph, Hamiltonian connected, Hamiltonian laceable, Wiener index, detour index","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":"33 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.17485/ijst/v17i19.572
Birama Ram, Hari Prasad, Varsha Rajoriya, K. Genwa
Objective: A thorough analysis of the electrical output of PG cells has not piqued the research community's curiosity. The current study reports better findings of PG cell in order to accomplish this objective of providing the globe with pollution-free nature for sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to improve the conversion of solar energy into electricity and its storage utilizing PG cells for higher electrical output. Methods: The PG cell set-up consists of two electrodes, a digital pH metre, a resistance key, a carbon pot, and a micro-ammeter. Investigations into the specifically designed H-shaped PG cell were done for better electrical outcomes. The various solar parameters in a PG cell with a Brilliant yellow (BY) + NaLS + Ascorbic acid (AA) system was examined. The main effects of solar energy were examined by adjusting the PG cell's various parameters. For the PG cell, distilled water, alkali, and a mixture of surfactant, reductant, and dye were combined in a 25 ml solution. The PG cell has successfully experimentally demonstrated the efficient system that was the research's desired aim in terms of better electrical outcomes from renewable energy. Findings: For the BY+NaLS+AA, the observed photopotential, maximum photocurrent and fill factor were 924.00 mV and 630.00 µA, 0.3422, respectively. The PG cell Performance and conversion efficacy were found to be 140.00 minutes and 2.1562%, respectively. Novelty: As reported results (in BY+NaLS+AA system) are mentioned that work has new value to the existing literature. The obtained results are better innovative study of the PG for solar energy conversion and storage. Keywords: Brilliant yellow, NaLS, Ascorbic acid, Photogalvanics, Photocurrent
{"title":"Innovative Study of the Photogalvanics for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage Through Brilliant Yellow + NaLS + Ascorbic Acid System","authors":"Birama Ram, Hari Prasad, Varsha Rajoriya, K. Genwa","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i19.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i19.572","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A thorough analysis of the electrical output of PG cells has not piqued the research community's curiosity. The current study reports better findings of PG cell in order to accomplish this objective of providing the globe with pollution-free nature for sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to improve the conversion of solar energy into electricity and its storage utilizing PG cells for higher electrical output. Methods: The PG cell set-up consists of two electrodes, a digital pH metre, a resistance key, a carbon pot, and a micro-ammeter. Investigations into the specifically designed H-shaped PG cell were done for better electrical outcomes. The various solar parameters in a PG cell with a Brilliant yellow (BY) + NaLS + Ascorbic acid (AA) system was examined. The main effects of solar energy were examined by adjusting the PG cell's various parameters. For the PG cell, distilled water, alkali, and a mixture of surfactant, reductant, and dye were combined in a 25 ml solution. The PG cell has successfully experimentally demonstrated the efficient system that was the research's desired aim in terms of better electrical outcomes from renewable energy. Findings: For the BY+NaLS+AA, the observed photopotential, maximum photocurrent and fill factor were 924.00 mV and 630.00 µA, 0.3422, respectively. The PG cell Performance and conversion efficacy were found to be 140.00 minutes and 2.1562%, respectively. Novelty: As reported results (in BY+NaLS+AA system) are mentioned that work has new value to the existing literature. The obtained results are better innovative study of the PG for solar energy conversion and storage. Keywords: Brilliant yellow, NaLS, Ascorbic acid, Photogalvanics, Photocurrent","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":"25 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140980491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.17485/ijst/v17i16.701
M. V. M. Reddy, S. Krishnaiah
Background: Thermal cracking, delayed ettringite production and low tensile strength are three significant problems for high-strength concrete. Objectives: The current experimental study aims to determine the durability characteristics of concrete for application in pavements. To test how well the M40 grade of concrete absorbed chloride and water, the amounts of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) like Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GBFS) and fixed amounts of Fly Ash (FA) and Macro Synthetic Fiber (MSF) were optimized. Methods: One sample (S1) was made entirely of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and five samples (S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6) made simply of SCMs, in which OPC was substituted with 20% FA+20% GBFS+1.5% MSF, 20% FA+25% GBFS+1.5% MSF, 20% FA+30% GBFS+1.5% MSF, 20% FA+35% GBFS+1.5% MSF, and 20% FA+40% GBFS+1.5% MSF, respectively, were cast in standard blocks with a volume of one cubic meter for this purpose. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) investigations are used to examine the number of hydration products created at 28 days, which differ for different percentages of SCMs. Findings: Furthermore, 501, 520, 535, 565, and 590 coulombs are the measured Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) values for the S2 to S6 samples. Similarly, the S1 sample is projected to have more than 2600 coulombs, showing a better endurance of samples based on SCMs. The microstructural characterization findings (i.e., XRD, FTIR and FESEM) suggested that GBFS and FA are promising SCMs for enhancing the strength and durability properties of the mix. Novelty and applications: This study validates the viability of using GBFS, FA, and MSF in pavement applications, yielding noteworthy environmental advantages and lowering dependency on OPC. Keywords: Durability, Microstructural investigation, Macro synthetic fiber, Fly ash, Granulated blast furnace slag, Pavements
{"title":"A Study on Durability and Microstructural Analysis for Macro Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials","authors":"M. V. M. Reddy, S. Krishnaiah","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i16.701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i16.701","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thermal cracking, delayed ettringite production and low tensile strength are three significant problems for high-strength concrete. Objectives: The current experimental study aims to determine the durability characteristics of concrete for application in pavements. To test how well the M40 grade of concrete absorbed chloride and water, the amounts of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) like Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GBFS) and fixed amounts of Fly Ash (FA) and Macro Synthetic Fiber (MSF) were optimized. Methods: One sample (S1) was made entirely of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and five samples (S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6) made simply of SCMs, in which OPC was substituted with 20% FA+20% GBFS+1.5% MSF, 20% FA+25% GBFS+1.5% MSF, 20% FA+30% GBFS+1.5% MSF, 20% FA+35% GBFS+1.5% MSF, and 20% FA+40% GBFS+1.5% MSF, respectively, were cast in standard blocks with a volume of one cubic meter for this purpose. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) investigations are used to examine the number of hydration products created at 28 days, which differ for different percentages of SCMs. Findings: Furthermore, 501, 520, 535, 565, and 590 coulombs are the measured Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) values for the S2 to S6 samples. Similarly, the S1 sample is projected to have more than 2600 coulombs, showing a better endurance of samples based on SCMs. The microstructural characterization findings (i.e., XRD, FTIR and FESEM) suggested that GBFS and FA are promising SCMs for enhancing the strength and durability properties of the mix. Novelty and applications: This study validates the viability of using GBFS, FA, and MSF in pavement applications, yielding noteworthy environmental advantages and lowering dependency on OPC. Keywords: Durability, Microstructural investigation, Macro synthetic fiber, Fly ash, Granulated blast furnace slag, Pavements","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To evaluate the significance of advanced machining techniques, such as EDM, ECM, and USM, in increasing productivity and overcoming challenges associated with outdated Al-SiC MMC machining. To assess the surface roughness, tool wear, and machining cost implications of employing advanced machining methods for Al-SiC MMCs. Methods The parameters studied were voltage (V), feed rate (F), and electrolyte concentration (C) in electrochemical machining (ECM) of Al/15%SiC composites. To optimise process parameters, the Taguchi method for Design of Experiments (DOE) with an L27 orthogonal array was used. Signal responsiveness is optimised using the Taguchi approach. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to find optimal machining settings. Findings: The outcome of this research is that the parameters affecting surface roughness and material removal rate are voltage, electrolyte concentration and feed rate. The minimum Surface Roughness achieved by selecting the best combination level is A2, B3, C3 (smaller is better) i.e., voltage 20 V, feed rate (f) 0.4 mm/min., electrolyte concentration (c) 30 g/lit. The maximum Material Removal Rate achieved by selecting the best combination level is A3, B3, C3 (larger-is-better) i.e., voltage 25V, feed rate (f) 0.4 mm/min., electrolyte concentration (c) 30 g/lit. Novelty : In this work, TOPSIS technique paired with Taguchi method is used which is rarely studied by other researchers. TOPSIS technique provides the best optimal solution as compared to other techniques. Keywords: Al-SiC MMCs, ECM, MRR, Ra, Taguchi method, TOPSIS
{"title":"Application of Taguchi Method, ANOVA Analysis, and TOPSIS Technique in Optimization of Process Parameters for Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate in Electrochemical Machining of Al-SiC MMCs","authors":"Chandan Waghmare, Santosh Patil, Pruthviraj Chaudhari","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i16.751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i16.751","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the significance of advanced machining techniques, such as EDM, ECM, and USM, in increasing productivity and overcoming challenges associated with outdated Al-SiC MMC machining. To assess the surface roughness, tool wear, and machining cost implications of employing advanced machining methods for Al-SiC MMCs. Methods The parameters studied were voltage (V), feed rate (F), and electrolyte concentration (C) in electrochemical machining (ECM) of Al/15%SiC composites. To optimise process parameters, the Taguchi method for Design of Experiments (DOE) with an L27 orthogonal array was used. Signal responsiveness is optimised using the Taguchi approach. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to find optimal machining settings. Findings: The outcome of this research is that the parameters affecting surface roughness and material removal rate are voltage, electrolyte concentration and feed rate. The minimum Surface Roughness achieved by selecting the best combination level is A2, B3, C3 (smaller is better) i.e., voltage 20 V, feed rate (f) 0.4 mm/min., electrolyte concentration (c) 30 g/lit. The maximum Material Removal Rate achieved by selecting the best combination level is A3, B3, C3 (larger-is-better) i.e., voltage 25V, feed rate (f) 0.4 mm/min., electrolyte concentration (c) 30 g/lit. Novelty : In this work, TOPSIS technique paired with Taguchi method is used which is rarely studied by other researchers. TOPSIS technique provides the best optimal solution as compared to other techniques. Keywords: Al-SiC MMCs, ECM, MRR, Ra, Taguchi method, TOPSIS","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":" October","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.17485/ijst/v17i16.117
Kh.L. Dang, Vinit Makkar, Naresh Sharma
Objectives: Current manuscript focuses on examination of chemical reaction and heat generation impacts on 3D MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with convective boundary conditions induced by permeable sheet. Additionally, Brownian motion, non-Newtonian heating and thermophoretic processes as used for this study. Methods: A computational programme, MATLAB has been used for solving the system of O.D.Es with the help of ODE45 solver. The Runge Kutta Fehlberg approach is implemented to calculate the answer to the expression for temperature, velocity, and nanoparticle concentration after the shooting process. Findings: For a variety of fluid parameters, the temperature, concentration of nanoparticles, and dimensionless velocities are shown and examined, including permeability parameter , magnetic , stretching ratio parameter , Lewis number , Brownian motion and Prandtl number , thermal Biot number , Casson fluid parameter , chemical reaction parameter . The temperature is found to increase with an enhance in the thermal Biot number and to reduce with a greater Prandtl number and stretching ratio parameter. Novelty: Although the immense significance and frequent use of nanofluids in industries and technology, no effort has been made to explore the chemical influence on MHD Casson fluid flow using a three-dimensional permeable sheet. Through similarity transformations, the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg technique converts mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations into ODEs and incorporates boundary conditions. Skin friction and the heat transmission rate past an extending surface, which have an impact on technology and production, can be predicted using the results of this study. Keywords: Chemical reaction, Buongiorno's model, Nanofluid, Biot numbers, 3D permeable sheet
{"title":"Mathematical Simulation for MHD Casson Convective Nanofluid Flow Induced by 3D Permeable Sheet with Chemical Effect","authors":"Kh.L. Dang, Vinit Makkar, Naresh Sharma","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i16.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i16.117","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Current manuscript focuses on examination of chemical reaction and heat generation impacts on 3D MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with convective boundary conditions induced by permeable sheet. Additionally, Brownian motion, non-Newtonian heating and thermophoretic processes as used for this study. Methods: A computational programme, MATLAB has been used for solving the system of O.D.Es with the help of ODE45 solver. The Runge Kutta Fehlberg approach is implemented to calculate the answer to the expression for temperature, velocity, and nanoparticle concentration after the shooting process. Findings: For a variety of fluid parameters, the temperature, concentration of nanoparticles, and dimensionless velocities are shown and examined, including permeability parameter , magnetic , stretching ratio parameter , Lewis number , Brownian motion and Prandtl number , thermal Biot number , Casson fluid parameter , chemical reaction parameter . The temperature is found to increase with an enhance in the thermal Biot number and to reduce with a greater Prandtl number and stretching ratio parameter. Novelty: Although the immense significance and frequent use of nanofluids in industries and technology, no effort has been made to explore the chemical influence on MHD Casson fluid flow using a three-dimensional permeable sheet. Through similarity transformations, the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg technique converts mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations into ODEs and incorporates boundary conditions. Skin friction and the heat transmission rate past an extending surface, which have an impact on technology and production, can be predicted using the results of this study. Keywords: Chemical reaction, Buongiorno's model, Nanofluid, Biot numbers, 3D permeable sheet","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.17485/ijst/v17i16.286
Subramanyam Burlakanti, Periyasamy Pitchaipillai
Objectives: An experimental effort is undertaken to enhance the mechanical properties of composite reinforced granite particles with Al6082 composition in contrast to previous research for lightweight structural applications. Methods : The stir casting process is used to develop the composite for the test samples. S1 sample contains 99.5 wt.% of Al6082 raw material and 0.5 wt.% of granite particles; S2 sample contains 99.0 wt.% of Al6082 raw material and 1.0 wt.% of granite particles; S3 sample contains 100 wt.% of Al6082 raw material and 0.0 wt.% of granite particles. The elemental content and particle size of granite particles were ascertained by means of SEM and EDS analysis. Findings: Tensile test was carried out for S1 & S2 samples. S1 test sample shown better results as compared to S2 sample. The microhardness of test specimen was measured at various locations for S1, S2 and S3 samples. S3 sample performed better as compared to S1 and S2 samples. Further, this microhardness value increased from S1 sample to S2 sample at two locations and the third location showed an equal value. The microstructure examination was also carried out by Using SEM analysis. The average tensile strength (UTS) of the S1 sample is 91 MPa, while the S2 sample's UTS is 50 MPa. The S1 sample can withstand a high load because of its elemental composition percentage, according to the UTS test. The average results of the microhardness test were 118 HV for the S1 sample, 133 HV for the S2 sample, and 143 HV for the S3 sample. It is suggested that this granite particle-reinforced material can be used as a lightweight structural engineering application based on previous research and this experimental investigation. Novelty: By using the granite particles as reinforced material the mechanical properties of the composite improved as compared to the existing available results with different reinforced materials. Keywords: Granite particles (GP), Al6082 alloy, Stir casting, Ultimate tensile strength, Microhardness, SEM & EDS Analysis
{"title":"Strengthened Granite Particles on Al6082 Alloy for Lightweight Structural Applications","authors":"Subramanyam Burlakanti, Periyasamy Pitchaipillai","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i16.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i16.286","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: An experimental effort is undertaken to enhance the mechanical properties of composite reinforced granite particles with Al6082 composition in contrast to previous research for lightweight structural applications. Methods : The stir casting process is used to develop the composite for the test samples. S1 sample contains 99.5 wt.% of Al6082 raw material and 0.5 wt.% of granite particles; S2 sample contains 99.0 wt.% of Al6082 raw material and 1.0 wt.% of granite particles; S3 sample contains 100 wt.% of Al6082 raw material and 0.0 wt.% of granite particles. The elemental content and particle size of granite particles were ascertained by means of SEM and EDS analysis. Findings: Tensile test was carried out for S1 & S2 samples. S1 test sample shown better results as compared to S2 sample. The microhardness of test specimen was measured at various locations for S1, S2 and S3 samples. S3 sample performed better as compared to S1 and S2 samples. Further, this microhardness value increased from S1 sample to S2 sample at two locations and the third location showed an equal value. The microstructure examination was also carried out by Using SEM analysis. The average tensile strength (UTS) of the S1 sample is 91 MPa, while the S2 sample's UTS is 50 MPa. The S1 sample can withstand a high load because of its elemental composition percentage, according to the UTS test. The average results of the microhardness test were 118 HV for the S1 sample, 133 HV for the S2 sample, and 143 HV for the S3 sample. It is suggested that this granite particle-reinforced material can be used as a lightweight structural engineering application based on previous research and this experimental investigation. Novelty: By using the granite particles as reinforced material the mechanical properties of the composite improved as compared to the existing available results with different reinforced materials. Keywords: Granite particles (GP), Al6082 alloy, Stir casting, Ultimate tensile strength, Microhardness, SEM & EDS Analysis","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.17485/ijst/v17i16.493
R. Parthasarathi, P. Gargi
Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to explicitly determine the Euler characteristic of the parabolic sheaves with rank 2 on a smooth projective algebraic surface defined over complex numbers with the smooth irreducible parabolic divisor . Methods: The computation of the parabolic Hilbert polynomial involves the use of -filtered sheaves on a smooth projective surface , with weights corresponding to the points where the filtration jumps. The Riemann-Roch theorem and Chern class computation have also been used. Findings: The study provides explicit computations of the parabolic Hilbert polynomial as well as the parabolic Chern classes for parabolic rank 2 bundles. Novelty: This work contributes to the understanding of parabolic sheaves on smooth projective surfaces, bridging the gap between different constructions of stable bundles. The explicit computation of the parabolic Hilbert polynomial for rank 2 bundles adds valuable insights to the study of moduli spaces of parabolic bundles. Keywords: Euler characteristic, Hilbert polynomial, Chern class, Parabolic sheaves, Smooth projective algebraic surface
{"title":"The Euler Characteristic of Parabolic Sheaves","authors":"R. Parthasarathi, P. Gargi","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i16.493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i16.493","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to explicitly determine the Euler characteristic of the parabolic sheaves with rank 2 on a smooth projective algebraic surface defined over complex numbers with the smooth irreducible parabolic divisor . Methods: The computation of the parabolic Hilbert polynomial involves the use of -filtered sheaves on a smooth projective surface , with weights corresponding to the points where the filtration jumps. The Riemann-Roch theorem and Chern class computation have also been used. Findings: The study provides explicit computations of the parabolic Hilbert polynomial as well as the parabolic Chern classes for parabolic rank 2 bundles. Novelty: This work contributes to the understanding of parabolic sheaves on smooth projective surfaces, bridging the gap between different constructions of stable bundles. The explicit computation of the parabolic Hilbert polynomial for rank 2 bundles adds valuable insights to the study of moduli spaces of parabolic bundles. Keywords: Euler characteristic, Hilbert polynomial, Chern class, Parabolic sheaves, Smooth projective algebraic surface","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":" February","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.17485/ijst/v17i16.2514
Lata Chanchlani, P. Manohar, Ajay Sharma, Sangeeta Choudhary
Objectives: The aim is to establish prerequisite properties for the Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivatives and address boundary value problems related to fractional polar Laplace and fractional Sturm-Liouville equations involving Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivatives. Methods: Existing definitions and findings are utilized to obtain the properties for fractional derivatives, and the Adomian decomposition method is employed to solve the fractional differential equations. Findings: Validity conditions for the law of exponents are determined, and the study investigates the fractional differential equations and their corresponding solutions, possessing the capacity to replace the traditional polar Laplace and Sturm-Liouville boundary value problems to effectively represent real-world phenomena. Novelty: The study introduces the substitution of two consecutively operated Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivatives with a corresponding single Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivative using the law of exponents. Additionally, the polar Laplace and Sturm-Liouville boundary value problems are extended to their respective fractional counterparts, expressed in a concise format using HilferHadamard fractional derivatives. Keywords: Adomian decomposition method, Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivative, Fractional polar Laplace equation, Fractional Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem
{"title":"Solution of Fractional Differential Equations Involving Hilfer-Hadamard Fractional Derivatives","authors":"Lata Chanchlani, P. Manohar, Ajay Sharma, Sangeeta Choudhary","doi":"10.17485/ijst/v17i16.2514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i16.2514","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim is to establish prerequisite properties for the Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivatives and address boundary value problems related to fractional polar Laplace and fractional Sturm-Liouville equations involving Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivatives. Methods: Existing definitions and findings are utilized to obtain the properties for fractional derivatives, and the Adomian decomposition method is employed to solve the fractional differential equations. Findings: Validity conditions for the law of exponents are determined, and the study investigates the fractional differential equations and their corresponding solutions, possessing the capacity to replace the traditional polar Laplace and Sturm-Liouville boundary value problems to effectively represent real-world phenomena. Novelty: The study introduces the substitution of two consecutively operated Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivatives with a corresponding single Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivative using the law of exponents. Additionally, the polar Laplace and Sturm-Liouville boundary value problems are extended to their respective fractional counterparts, expressed in a concise format using HilferHadamard fractional derivatives. Keywords: Adomian decomposition method, Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivative, Fractional polar Laplace equation, Fractional Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem","PeriodicalId":13296,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of science and technology","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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