Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.014
Jaishree S Shinde, R. Kamble, Jaya M Tale, D. Rao
Background: Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Worldwide interest in geriatric depression has increased but studies to assess the depression among the elderly population in urban slums has hardly been done. So this study would shed light on the risk factors of depression among geriatrics in urban slums. Aim & Objective: To study the epidemiological determinants such as age, marital status, education, financial dependency, economic status and chronic illness in relation to of depression among the geriatric population (60–80 years). Settings and Design: Community-based, cross-sectional study for 24 months with a samplesize of 209. Methods & Material: Urban slum area represented by one health post was selectedas the study area which caters to around 96,630 slum residents. Pre-tested semi-structuredinterviews were conducted after selecting households by systematic random sampling. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. A chi-square test was applied. Result: The present study shows overall prevalence of depression among the elderly above 60 years of age to be 48.6%. Depression is found to been significantly associated with an increase in age, living alone (72.7%), lower class economic status (100%), financial dependency (54%), history of chronic family illness (54.7%) and with no formal education (62.1%) among elderly dwelling in slums. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of depression in the community and hence, a need to sensitize Primary level Health Care Services to institute screening tests considering the association of these determinants with depression and link them to specialized services for further management.
{"title":"Epidemiological Determinants of Depression among the Geriatric Population Residing in a Slum of Urban India: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Jaishree S Shinde, R. Kamble, Jaya M Tale, D. Rao","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Worldwide interest in geriatric depression has increased but studies to assess the depression among the elderly population in urban slums has hardly been done. So this study would shed light on the risk factors of depression among geriatrics in urban slums.\u0000Aim & Objective: To study the epidemiological determinants such as age, marital status, education, financial dependency, economic status and chronic illness in relation to of depression among the geriatric population (60–80 years).\u0000Settings and Design: Community-based, cross-sectional study for 24 months with a samplesize of 209.\u0000Methods & Material: Urban slum area represented by one health post was selectedas the study area which caters to around 96,630 slum residents. Pre-tested semi-structuredinterviews were conducted after selecting households by systematic random sampling. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. A chi-square test was applied.\u0000Result: The present study shows overall prevalence of depression among the elderly above 60 years of age to be 48.6%. Depression is found to been significantly associated with an increase in age, living alone (72.7%), lower class economic status (100%), financial dependency (54%), history of chronic family illness (54.7%) and with no formal education (62.1%) among elderly dwelling in slums.\u0000Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of depression in the community and hence, a need to sensitize Primary level Health Care Services to institute screening tests considering the association of these determinants with depression and link them to specialized services for further management.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44832441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.002
Santosh Kumar, M. Agarwal, Prabhaker Mishra, C. M. Mishra
Background: Due to rapid urbanization, there is an increase in population in slums often lacking access to basic health services. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the utilization of reproductive and child health services by recently delivered women and their children residing in catchment areas of urban PHCs, to evaluate their level of satisfaction and to determine the factors associated with utilization of these services by recently delivered women. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in the catchment areas of urban primary health centre of Lucknow. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 women having children less than 24 months in the slums covered under selected U-PHCs, sampled through a multi-stage random sampling technique using a semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis used: SPSS-26 and MedCalc software were used for data analysis. Results: Utilization of RCH services by recently delivered women from UPHC was 39%. About 24% of recently delivered women availed ANC services from UPHC and 56.7% utilized family planning services and 95.8% immunization services for children. Child care services for diarrhea and ARI were availed by 9.9 and 3.1% of women, respectively. Satisfaction regarding maternal care and immunization services was seen in 84 and 95.8% of women. Poor satisfaction regarding child care was seen in 56.5% of women. Conclusions: The utilization of RCH services was found to be poor in the study population. Most recently delivered women were satisfied with all services except child care.
{"title":"Utilization of Reproductive and Child Health Services and Client Satisfaction from Urban Primary Health Centers by Recently Delivered Women Living in Urban Slums of Lucknow, India","authors":"Santosh Kumar, M. Agarwal, Prabhaker Mishra, C. M. Mishra","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to rapid urbanization, there is an increase in population in slums often lacking access to basic health services. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the utilization of reproductive and child health services by recently delivered women and their children residing in catchment areas of urban PHCs, to evaluate their level of satisfaction and to determine the\u0000factors associated with utilization of these services by recently delivered women.\u0000Settings and Design: The study was conducted in the catchment areas of urban primary health centre of Lucknow.\u0000Methods and Material: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 women having children less than 24 months in the slums covered under selected U-PHCs, sampled through a multi-stage random sampling technique using a semi-structured questionnaire.\u0000Statistical analysis used: SPSS-26 and MedCalc software were used for data analysis.\u0000Results: Utilization of RCH services by recently delivered women from UPHC was 39%. About 24% of recently delivered women availed ANC services from UPHC and 56.7% utilized family planning services and 95.8% immunization services for children. Child care services for diarrhea and ARI were availed by 9.9 and 3.1% of women, respectively. Satisfaction regarding maternal care and immunization services was seen in 84 and 95.8% of women. Poor satisfaction regarding child care was seen in 56.5% of women.\u0000Conclusions: The utilization of RCH services was found to be poor in the study population. Most recently delivered women\u0000were satisfied with all services except child care.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45800395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.003
M. Fatima, H. Kausar, P. Giri, Abhijeet Ingale
Introduction: Adolescence is a significant period in the life of a woman. Menstruation is a naturally occurring physiological phenomenon in adolescent girls and premenopausal women. Menstrual hygiene and management is an insufficiently acknowledged issue and has not received adequate attention. The lack of menstrual hygiene among rural population is alarming, and there is a need for policy-making and awareness programs to be initiated. Aim: Hence the present study was aimed to compare the status of menstrual hygiene among rural and urban adolescent girls. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 adolescent girls (rural & urban), aged between 13 to 19 years residing the in field practice area of IIMSR Medical College, Badnapur, Jalna. Data was analyzed by using MS Excel 2010. Results: Out of 250 participants, 48.8% girls from rural area and 51.2% from urban area. The mean age of the menarche was 12.3 ± 1.4 and 12.34 ± 1.43 in rural and urban girls, respectively. Knowledge of menstruation prior to menarche was found to be less in rural girls compared with urban girls. Regarding menstrual hygiene practices during menstruation, out of the total girls residing in rural area 49.18% girl and out of the total girls residing in urban area 62.5% girls were using sanitary pads. Restriction during menstruation was observed more in rural girls than in urban areas. Conclusion: More awareness regarding menarche and menstruation was among urban girls than. Hygienic practices observed by girls were also more satisfactory in the urban area as compared with rural ones.
简介：青春期是女性生命中的一个重要时期。月经是青春期女孩和绝经前妇女的一种自然发生的生理现象。月经卫生和管理是一个没有得到充分承认的问题，也没有得到足够的重视。农村人口缺乏月经卫生令人担忧，有必要启动政策制定和宣传计划。目的：因此，本研究旨在比较农村和城市青春期女孩的月经卫生状况。方法：对居住在印度医学研究所医学院（IIMSR Medical College，Badnapur，Jalna）实习区的250名年龄在13至19岁之间的少女（农村和城市）进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。使用MSExcel 2010对数据进行分析。结果：在250名参与者中，48.8%的女孩来自农村地区，51.2%来自城市地区。农村和城市女孩月经初潮的平均年龄分别为12.3±1.4和12.34±1.43。与城市女孩相比，农村女孩在月经初潮前对月经的了解较少。关于月经期间的月经卫生习惯，在居住在农村地区的女孩总数中，49.18%的女孩和居住在城市地区的女孩总人数中，62.5%的女孩使用卫生巾。农村女孩月经受限的情况多于城市女孩。结论：城市女孩对月经初潮的认识高于城市女孩。与农村地区相比，城市地区女孩的卫生习惯也更令人满意。
{"title":"Study on Menstrual Hygiene Management among Urban and Rural Adolescent Girls in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India","authors":"M. Fatima, H. Kausar, P. Giri, Abhijeet Ingale","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adolescence is a significant period in the life of a woman. Menstruation is a naturally occurring physiological phenomenon in adolescent girls and premenopausal women. Menstrual hygiene and management is an insufficiently acknowledged issue and has not received adequate attention. The lack of menstrual hygiene among rural population is alarming, and there is a need for policy-making and awareness programs to be initiated.\u0000Aim: Hence the present study was aimed to compare the status of menstrual hygiene among rural and urban adolescent girls. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 adolescent girls (rural & urban), aged between 13 to 19 years residing the in field practice area of IIMSR Medical College, Badnapur, Jalna. Data was analyzed by using MS\u0000Excel 2010.\u0000Results: Out of 250 participants, 48.8% girls from rural area and 51.2% from urban area. The mean age of the menarche was\u000012.3 ± 1.4 and 12.34 ± 1.43 in rural and urban girls, respectively. Knowledge of menstruation prior to menarche was found to be less in rural girls compared with urban girls. Regarding menstrual hygiene practices during menstruation, out of the total girls residing in rural area 49.18% girl and out of the total girls residing in urban area 62.5% girls were using sanitary pads. Restriction during menstruation was observed more in rural girls than in urban areas.\u0000Conclusion: More awareness regarding menarche and menstruation was among urban girls than. Hygienic practices observed by girls were also more satisfactory in the urban area as compared with rural ones.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46813124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.019
Ankit Srivastava, S. Pathak, Urvashi Singh, A. Bihari, Manish Upadhyay
Introduction: Educational environment always play a crucial role in the development of students as well as faculty of any institution. In India, there is a continuous increase in the number of medical colleges and the number of MBBS seats, but the quality of education with quantity is questionable. To answer this question, the present study was planned to know the educational environment in a new Medical Institution that ejected its alumni in 2018. Aim: To analyze the educational environment of a newly established Medical College in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional which took six months to complete. This study used the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire, open-ended questions and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study was conducted on MBBS students in Government Medical College, Azamgarh, UP. Results: The batch-wise Global DREEM scores were 169.08 (alumni), 156.23 (interns), 168.76 (2015), 164.16 (2016), 176.23 (2017), 176.94 (2018). This demonstrates that the educational environment is satisfactory in all domains and comes under the 3rd category of the educational environment index. The FGDs showed a positive response in all batches but with high variability in scores, which indicates lack of standardization in Medical Education. The open-ended questions’ responses revealed many merits and demerits about five domains. Conclusion: The variability of DREEM score, FGDs and open ended questions denotes the lack of standardization in the Medical Education system and the scores of the Education Environment Index (all domains) must move from category III (satisfactory) to category IV (excellence).
{"title":"Assessment of Educational Environment of Newly Established Medical College by UG Medical Students: A Mixed Method Study","authors":"Ankit Srivastava, S. Pathak, Urvashi Singh, A. Bihari, Manish Upadhyay","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.019","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Educational environment always play a crucial role in the development of students as well as faculty of any institution. In India, there is a continuous increase in the number of medical colleges and the number of MBBS seats, but the quality of education with quantity is questionable. To answer this question, the present study was planned to know the educational environment in a new Medical Institution that ejected its alumni in 2018.\u0000Aim: To analyze the educational environment of a newly established Medical College in eastern Uttar Pradesh.\u0000Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional which took six months to complete. This study used the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire, open-ended questions and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study was conducted on MBBS students in Government Medical College, Azamgarh, UP.\u0000Results: The batch-wise Global DREEM scores were 169.08 (alumni), 156.23 (interns), 168.76 (2015), 164.16 (2016), 176.23 (2017), 176.94 (2018). This demonstrates that the educational environment is satisfactory in all domains and comes under the 3rd category of the educational environment index. The FGDs showed a positive response in all batches but with high variability in scores, which indicates lack of standardization in Medical Education. The open-ended questions’ responses revealed many merits and demerits about five domains.\u0000Conclusion: The variability of DREEM score, FGDs and open ended questions denotes the lack of standardization in the Medical Education system and the scores of the Education Environment Index (all domains) must move from category III (satisfactory) to category IV (excellence).","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45043896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.016
V. Mittal, Vikram Singh, H. Kumar
Tuberculosis is known as one of the long-standing and dominating health problems affecting people and the extent further escalates in a developing country like India. A pre-evaluated feedback structured questionnaire was validated and adopted to get their quantitative data from 424 respondents. In the present study urban respondents (60.8%) gave affirmative responses regarding awareness of TB, especially with mobile media as their major source of information, followed by information from healthcare workers. Rural respondents were less expressed and deficient on knowledge of TB transmission and preventive methods. Prevention practices toward TB are claimed to be high in urban population because 79.48% believed that early diagnosis, prompt treatment and avoiding poor hygiene and crowded environment are effective strategies to cease the transmission of TB. Effective preventive and informative strategies should be employed in rural border areas to make up for the knowledge gap found among rural and urban populations in this study.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice related to Tuberculosis among Rural and Urban Community of North India","authors":"V. Mittal, Vikram Singh, H. Kumar","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.016","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is known as one of the long-standing and dominating health problems affecting people and the extent further escalates in a developing country like India. A pre-evaluated feedback structured questionnaire was validated and adopted to get their quantitative data from 424 respondents. In the present study urban respondents (60.8%) gave affirmative responses regarding awareness of TB, especially with mobile media as their major source of information, followed by information from healthcare workers. Rural respondents were less expressed and deficient on knowledge of TB transmission and preventive methods. Prevention practices toward TB are claimed to be high in urban population because 79.48% believed that early diagnosis, prompt treatment and avoiding poor hygiene and crowded environment are effective strategies to cease the transmission of TB. Effective preventive and informative strategies should be employed in rural border areas to make up for the knowledge gap found among rural and urban populations in this study.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45690289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.009
Sameena Ahmad, M. A. Ansari, A. Abedi, S. Khalil, U. Eram, Najmul A Khan
Introduction: Physical activity and diet go hand in hand for the maintenance of good health. This becomes even more important in school-going adolescent students as they are readily exposed to a wide variety of junk food items inside or around their school premises and lead increasingly sedentary lifestyles as they progress through their academics. Aim and Objective: Toassess the junk food intake and physical activity level among school-going adolescents. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 school-based adolescents aged 12 to 14 years at AMU High Schools, Aligarh. Students were asked about their physical activity and dietary habits by disseminating a self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Results: The majority of the adolescents had a moderate level of physical activity (53%), while 23% of the students had high and 24% had low physical activity levels. On the analysis of the students’ dietary habits, it was found that a staggering 70.75% of students had more than the recommended intake of junk food items. The association between physical activity and junk food intake was found to be significant. Conclusion: More emphasis should be given to limiting junk food intake, increasing healthy food intake, and motivating the students to be more physically active. This can be done by encouraging the family as well as teachers at the school level and creating more spaces for children to be physically active at the community level.
{"title":"Physical Activity Levels And Junk Food Intake Among School Going Adolescents In A North Indian City","authors":"Sameena Ahmad, M. A. Ansari, A. Abedi, S. Khalil, U. Eram, Najmul A Khan","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Physical activity and diet go hand in hand for the maintenance of good health. This becomes even more important in school-going adolescent students as they are readily exposed to a wide variety of junk food items inside or around their school premises and lead increasingly sedentary lifestyles as they progress through their academics. Aim and Objective: Toassess the junk food intake and physical activity level among school-going adolescents.\u0000Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 school-based adolescents aged 12 to 14 years at AMU High Schools, Aligarh. Students were asked about their physical activity and dietary habits by disseminating a self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0.\u0000Results: The majority of the adolescents had a moderate level of physical activity (53%), while 23% of the students had high and 24% had low physical activity levels. On the analysis of the students’ dietary habits, it was found that a staggering 70.75% of students had more than the recommended intake of junk food items. The association between physical activity and junk food intake was found to be significant.\u0000Conclusion: More emphasis should be given to limiting junk food intake, increasing healthy food intake, and motivating the students to be more physically active. This can be done by encouraging the family as well as teachers at the school level and creating more spaces for children to be physically active at the community level.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44205545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.005
Aradhana Yadav, S. Chaudhary, M. Nagargoje
Introduction: In developing countries, reproductive tract infection among women commonly goes undiagnosed and their sequel causes various complications. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of RTI/STI through a syndromic case approach and its correlates among women of reproductive age group. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 eligible married women residing in urban slums of Agra by using WHO Syndromic case approch for diagnosis of RTIs/STIs. Results: The overall prevalence of RTI/STD was found to be 32.80% where vaginal discharge (22.60%) and lower abdominal pain (8.20%) were the most common syndromes. On multivariate analysis, religion, caste, type of absorbent used during menses, and history of IUD use were found to be significantly significant. Conclusion: The result of this study highlights the high prevalence and potential risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of RTI. It also emphasizes the need of training and education session of the participants to identify the early symptoms of RTI.
{"title":"The Burden and Risk Factors of Reproductive Tract Infections among Married Women Aged 15-49 Years in Urban Slum of Agra Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Aradhana Yadav, S. Chaudhary, M. Nagargoje","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.005","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In developing countries, reproductive tract infection among women commonly goes undiagnosed and their sequel causes various complications.\u0000Objectives: To find out the prevalence of RTI/STI through a syndromic case approach and its correlates among women of reproductive age group.\u0000Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 eligible married women residing in urban slums of Agra by using WHO Syndromic case approch for diagnosis of RTIs/STIs.\u0000Results: The overall prevalence of RTI/STD was found to be 32.80% where vaginal discharge (22.60%) and lower abdominal pain (8.20%) were the most common syndromes. On multivariate analysis, religion, caste, type of absorbent used during menses, and history of IUD use were found to be significantly significant.\u0000Conclusion: The result of this study highlights the high prevalence and potential risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of RTI. It also emphasizes the need of training and education session of the participants to identify the early symptoms of RTI.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49572616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.021
V. Ramanathan, Shailesh K. Tripathi, Sudip Bhattacharya, G. Jahnavi, Pratima Gupta, Saurabh Varshney
NCD Burden and the role of nutritionChronic diseases, often known as non-communicable diseases (NCDs), pose a significant threat to worldwide public health. As per World Health Organisation (WHO), NCDs account for 74% of all fatalities worldwide, with cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, and diabetes being the leading causes.[1] Inadequate nutrition, including diets heavy in sugar, salt, saturated and trans fats, and deficient in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources, is a significant risk factor for NCDs. The World Health Organization suggests a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds and low in processed foods, sugar, saturated and trans fats.[2]
{"title":"The MILLET MISSION: The potential to combat non-communicable diseases and future research opportunities in India","authors":"V. Ramanathan, Shailesh K. Tripathi, Sudip Bhattacharya, G. Jahnavi, Pratima Gupta, Saurabh Varshney","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.021","url":null,"abstract":"NCD Burden and the role of nutritionChronic diseases, often known as non-communicable diseases (NCDs), pose a significant threat to worldwide public health. As per World Health Organisation (WHO), NCDs account for 74% of all fatalities worldwide, with cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, and diabetes being the leading causes.[1] Inadequate nutrition, including diets heavy in sugar, salt, saturated and trans fats, and deficient in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources, is a significant risk factor for NCDs. The World Health Organization suggests a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds and low in processed foods, sugar, saturated and trans fats.[2]","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.017
Muskan Singh, M. Kaur, A. Verma, Nitasha Sharma
Introduction: COVID-19 patients have been reported to have systemic complications. Analyzing its effect on the endocrine system is essential to ensure women’s reproductive health. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 disease on menstruation. Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from October 2021 to April 2022, using a validated questionnaire to collect the data. The study included females (15 to 49 years) who had confirmed COVID infection. Results: A total of 132 females participated in the study. For 29 (22%) patients presenting with menstrual cycle changes, most common change was prolonged cycle (14%). An increase in menstrual volume was reported by 12%, where as 35% of patients experienced more pain during menstruation. Menstrual irregularities were significantly higher in severe infection (p-value 0.04). Conclusion: There were transient changes in menstruation in COVID-19-infected patients, with a higher probability of menstruation abnormalities among severely infected patients.
{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 on Menstruation: An Observational Study","authors":"Muskan Singh, M. Kaur, A. Verma, Nitasha Sharma","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.017","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 patients have been reported to have systemic complications. Analyzing its effect on the endocrine\u0000system is essential to ensure women’s reproductive health.\u0000Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 disease on menstruation.\u0000Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from October 2021 to April 2022, using a validated questionnaire\u0000to collect the data. The study included females (15 to 49 years) who had confirmed COVID infection.\u0000Results: A total of 132 females participated in the study. For 29 (22%) patients presenting with menstrual cycle changes, most common change was prolonged cycle (14%). An increase in menstrual volume was reported by 12%, where as 35% of patients experienced more pain during menstruation. Menstrual irregularities were significantly higher in severe infection (p-value 0.04).\u0000Conclusion: There were transient changes in menstruation in COVID-19-infected patients, with a higher probability of menstruation abnormalities among severely infected patients.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46587002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.011
M. Jogdand, Meghraj Ranchandra Bhondwe, K. Jogdand, P. Yerpude, Ganesh R Tathe, Shweta Subhashrao Wadiyar
Background: Most patients infected with the COVID-19 virus may experience long-term effects from COVID-19 infection, known as post-COVID or long COVID conditions. Long COVID may last for weeks, months or years and may limit ones day to day activities and needs health care. Aim & Objective: To study the prevalence and risk factors of long COVID among the COVID-19 survivors of a rural area of Maharashtra. Methods and Material: A Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in adult subjects residing in Chanai village from Maharashtra who have had a history of COVID-19 and have passed more than 3 months since the diagnosis from May 2022 to June 2022. The interview of the study participants was conducted with the help of a pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010, Open EPI-Info version 3.01 updated on 2013/04/06. Data was presented in tables, graphical format, frequencies and percentages and the statistical association was shown using the chi- square test. Results: The majority of participants were males (59%), from 19 to 39 years of age group (57%), having fever as presenting symptom (83%), with mild COVID (13%), and required hospitalization (53%). Long COVID was associated with the elderly age group, male sex (27.1%), severe COVID presentation (88.2%) after 12 weeks, and those required intubation (80%). Conclusion: The prevalence of long COVID was 17.5%. Determinants associated with long COVID were the elderly age group, male sex, severe COVID presentation and who required intubation.
背景：大多数感染新冠肺炎病毒的患者可能会经历新冠肺炎感染的长期影响，即新冠肺炎后或长期新冠肺炎情况。长期新冠肺炎可能会持续数周、数月或数年，并可能限制日常活动，需要医疗保健。目的与目的：研究马哈拉施特拉邦农村地区新冠肺炎幸存者中长期新冠肺炎的患病率和危险因素。方法与材料：对居住在马哈拉施特拉Chanai村的有新冠肺炎病史且自2022年5月至2022年6月确诊以来已超过3个月的成年受试者进行了基于社区的横断面研究。在预先设计的半结构化问卷的帮助下，对研究参与者进行了访谈，以收集数据。统计分析：数据使用Microsoft Excel 2010进行分析，Open EPI Info 3.01版本于2013/04/6更新。数据以表格、图形格式、频率和百分比的形式呈现，并使用卡方检验显示统计相关性。结果：大多数参与者是男性（59%），年龄在19至39岁之间（57%），以发烧为症状（83%），轻度新冠肺炎（13%），需要住院治疗（53%）。长期新冠肺炎与老年组、男性（27.1%）、12周后出现严重新冠肺炎（88.2%）和需要插管的人（80%）有关。
{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Long COVID among the COVID-19 Survivors: A Cross-sectional Study from A Rural Area of Maharashtra","authors":"M. Jogdand, Meghraj Ranchandra Bhondwe, K. Jogdand, P. Yerpude, Ganesh R Tathe, Shweta Subhashrao Wadiyar","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i02.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most patients infected with the COVID-19 virus may experience long-term effects from COVID-19 infection, known as post-COVID or long COVID conditions. Long COVID may last for weeks, months or years and may limit ones day to day activities and needs health care.\u0000Aim & Objective: To study the prevalence and risk factors of long COVID among the COVID-19 survivors of a rural area of Maharashtra.\u0000Methods and Material: A Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in adult subjects residing in Chanai village from Maharashtra who have had a history of COVID-19 and have passed more than 3 months since the diagnosis from May 2022 to June 2022. The interview of the study participants was conducted with the help of a pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire for data collection.\u0000Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010, Open EPI-Info version 3.01 updated on 2013/04/06. Data was presented in tables, graphical format, frequencies and percentages and the statistical association was shown using the chi- square test.\u0000Results: The majority of participants were males (59%), from 19 to 39 years of age group (57%), having fever as presenting symptom (83%), with mild COVID (13%), and required hospitalization (53%). Long COVID was associated with the elderly age group, male sex (27.1%), severe COVID presentation (88.2%) after 12 weeks, and those required intubation (80%).\u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of long COVID was 17.5%. Determinants associated with long COVID were the elderly age group, male sex, severe COVID presentation and who required intubation.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46523290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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