Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.008
Sanjeev Kumar Meshram, Nirmal Verma, Aditi Chandrakar, Monika Dengani, Shubhra A Agrawal, Mini Sharma
Background: Organizational-related stress is a global issue. Organizational Role Stress (ORS) is described as “The emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and physiological reaction to aversive and noxious aspects of work, work environments, and work organizations.” Studies have indicated that when compared to other professions, Health Care Workers (HCWs) are at higher risk of organizational stress with rising job expectations. Aim & Objective: To determine the Organizational Role of Stress among Health Care Workers working in Sub Health Centres of Raipur District Chhattisgarh and its association with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods and Material: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 113 HCWs was done by using a self-administered questionnaire, using Pareek’s ORS Scale to determine 10 dimensions of Role Stress such as Inter-Role Distance, Role Stagnation, Role Expectation Conflict, Role Erosion, Role Overload, Role Isolation, Personal Inadequacy, Self-Role Distance, Role Ambiguity, and Resource Inadequacy. HCWs were selected by simple random sampling. Results: Role overload was the cause of the greatest role stress level among HCWs. Levels of ORS were observed to have a statistically significant association with higher among female HCWs, among unmarried, among nuclear families, those who were educated below 10th standard, and among the upper class. Conclusions: This study's findings need administrators and policymakers to establish an attractive working environment to reduce the side effects and effects of role stress and boost the HCWs' productivity.
{"title":"Assessment of Organizational Role Stress among Health Care Workers working in Sub Health Centres of Raipur District Chhattisgarh","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar Meshram, Nirmal Verma, Aditi Chandrakar, Monika Dengani, Shubhra A Agrawal, Mini Sharma","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Organizational-related stress is a global issue. Organizational Role Stress (ORS) is described as “The emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and physiological reaction to aversive and noxious aspects of work, work environments, and work organizations.” Studies have indicated that when compared to other professions, Health Care Workers (HCWs) are at higher risk of organizational stress with rising job expectations. Aim & Objective: To determine the Organizational Role of Stress among Health Care Workers working in Sub Health Centres of Raipur District Chhattisgarh and its association with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods and Material: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 113 HCWs was done by using a self-administered questionnaire, using Pareek’s ORS Scale to determine 10 dimensions of Role Stress such as Inter-Role Distance, Role Stagnation, Role Expectation Conflict, Role Erosion, Role Overload, Role Isolation, Personal Inadequacy, Self-Role Distance, Role Ambiguity, and Resource Inadequacy. HCWs were selected by simple random sampling. Results: Role overload was the cause of the greatest role stress level among HCWs. Levels of ORS were observed to have a statistically significant association with higher among female HCWs, among unmarried, among nuclear families, those who were educated below 10th standard, and among the upper class. Conclusions: This study's findings need administrators and policymakers to establish an attractive working environment to reduce the side effects and effects of role stress and boost the HCWs' productivity.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.004
Z. Siddiqui, Neetu Singh, A. Khan, A. Abedi, Atika Javed Siddiqui, Md Yasir Zubair
Introduction: Many ocular diseases have their origin in early childhood and if the morbidity goes unnoticed it may adversely affect the child’s school performance and may also cause severe ocular disability in the later part of life. An early recognition and intervention leads to lifelong impact. Objective: To study the prevalence and pattern of various ocular morbidities in school going children of urban and rural areas of Aligarh. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out from October 2017 to July 2019 in 10 schools in Aligarh, a district in North Western UP. Schools from urban and rural areas were listed and 5 urban and 5 rural schools were selected by lottery method. Results: Of the total 9982 students enrolled in study, 5742 children were from urban schools, and 4240 children were from rural schools. A total 2189 students were found to be suffering from various ocular morbidities, yielding an overall prevalence of ocular morbidity of 21.93%. The prevalence in urban and rural schools was 22.41% and 21.27% respectively (P=.286). Refractive error was found to be the most common ocular morbidity followed by Vitamin A Deficiency. Conclusion: Refractive errors and Vitamin A deficiency were the most common ocular disorders identified which are preventable and treatable causes of childhood blindness. These conditions can be easily identified by regular eye screening programs and promptly corrected. Awareness among school teachers should also be improved and they should play an active role in identifying the ocular problems and referring them for timely management.
{"title":"Prevalence and Pattern of Ocular morbidity amongst school going children in rural and urban areas of Aligarh","authors":"Z. Siddiqui, Neetu Singh, A. Khan, A. Abedi, Atika Javed Siddiqui, Md Yasir Zubair","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Many ocular diseases have their origin in early childhood and if the morbidity goes unnoticed it may adversely affect the child’s school performance and may also cause severe ocular disability in the later part of life. An early recognition and intervention leads to lifelong impact. Objective: To study the prevalence and pattern of various ocular morbidities in school going children of urban and rural areas of Aligarh. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out from October 2017 to July 2019 in 10 schools in Aligarh, a district in North Western UP. Schools from urban and rural areas were listed and 5 urban and 5 rural schools were selected by lottery method. Results: Of the total 9982 students enrolled in study, 5742 children were from urban schools, and 4240 children were from rural schools. A total 2189 students were found to be suffering from various ocular morbidities, yielding an overall prevalence of ocular morbidity of 21.93%. The prevalence in urban and rural schools was 22.41% and 21.27% respectively (P=.286). Refractive error was found to be the most common ocular morbidity followed by Vitamin A Deficiency. Conclusion: Refractive errors and Vitamin A deficiency were the most common ocular disorders identified which are preventable and treatable causes of childhood blindness. These conditions can be easily identified by regular eye screening programs and promptly corrected. Awareness among school teachers should also be improved and they should play an active role in identifying the ocular problems and referring them for timely management.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: A good work life balance is essential for the employees of any organization because it emphasize on balancing the personal and professional life. However there is scarcity of studies focusing work-life balance of defense force employees in India. Aims & Objectives: The present study explores the Work-Life Balance and Occupational Stress of the Non-Gazetted Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Jawans. The main objective behind conducting this study is to investigate the relationship between Work Life Balance and Occupational Stress among the Non-Gazetted CRPF Jawans. Methods: The present study is a quantitative cross-sectional study based on data collected from 354 non-gazetted officers of 148th battalion in Chandauli, Uttar Pradesh, India. Data was collected from after receiving written consent from the respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data which included questions related to socio-demographic characteristics, 13 self-developed questions related to work life balance and 46 items Occupational Stress scale developed by Srivastava & Singh. Result: Most of the CRPF Jawans had moderate occupational stress and high work-life balance. The study found moderate negative correlation between Work Life Balance score and Occupational Stress score among the non-gazetted CRPF Jawans.
{"title":"Work-Life Balance and Occupational Stress of the Non-Gazetted Central Reserve Police Force Jawans in Chandauli","authors":"Gunjan Singh, M. Srivastava, Mona Srivastava, Ratan Kumar Srivastava, Priya Srivastava","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A good work life balance is essential for the employees of any organization because it emphasize on balancing the personal and professional life. However there is scarcity of studies focusing work-life balance of defense force employees in India. Aims & Objectives: The present study explores the Work-Life Balance and Occupational Stress of the Non-Gazetted Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Jawans. The main objective behind conducting this study is to investigate the relationship between Work Life Balance and Occupational Stress among the Non-Gazetted CRPF Jawans. Methods: The present study is a quantitative cross-sectional study based on data collected from 354 non-gazetted officers of 148th battalion in Chandauli, Uttar Pradesh, India. Data was collected from after receiving written consent from the respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data which included questions related to socio-demographic characteristics, 13 self-developed questions related to work life balance and 46 items Occupational Stress scale developed by Srivastava & Singh. Result: Most of the CRPF Jawans had moderate occupational stress and high work-life balance. The study found moderate negative correlation between Work Life Balance score and Occupational Stress score among the non-gazetted CRPF Jawans.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.001
Manish Chaturvedi, Dheeraj Shah
Mass media campaign is an oft-used strategy to raise knowledge and awareness about common health issues among the public. With advancements in technology and an increase in the accessibility of the internet to the citizens, public awareness increases manifold, thus urging better adherence to essential public health measures. (1) Media and communication plays a crucial role in disaster management by disseminating information about the disasters, educating public about disaster, highlighting vulnerable zones, timely warnings and alerts, reporting of disaster events, gathering and transmitting information about affected areas, assisting in rescue and relief operations, disseminating information about public safety, informing and alerting the concern authorities and government officials, assisting volunteers, relief organizations etc.(2).
{"title":"Role of Mass media & Academia in Disaster Resilience","authors":"Manish Chaturvedi, Dheeraj Shah","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Mass media campaign is an oft-used strategy to raise knowledge and awareness about common health issues among the public. With advancements in technology and an increase in the accessibility of the internet to the citizens, public awareness increases manifold, thus urging better adherence to essential public health measures. (1) Media and communication plays a crucial role in disaster management by disseminating information about the disasters, educating public about disaster, highlighting vulnerable zones, timely warnings and alerts, reporting of disaster events, gathering and transmitting information about affected areas, assisting in rescue and relief operations, disseminating information about public safety, informing and alerting the concern authorities and government officials, assisting volunteers, relief organizations etc.(2).","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.015
Sudhir Kumar Gupta, Anish Prabhakar, Amit Kumar, Nawaid Arif, S. Yadav, S. Ganta
Introduction: Adolescence is a stressful period due to physical, psychological, sexual changes, and presence of disorder such as depression is a matter of concern. Objectives: To study the prevalence of depression among adolescents in urban and rural areas and its socio-demographic correlates. Materials and methods: The PSU consisted all villages (n=29) and mohallas (n=23) in field-practice area. The required number of villages and mohallas, i.e., 10 each, were chosen using the basic random procedure, wherein each village and Mohalla has been assigned a unique serial number. Results: Overall, depression was observed in 110 participants (27.5%) with similar distribution in urban and rural areas. Low maternal and paternal education was a significant risk factor. Adolescents from the upper middle socioeconomic class (42.9%) and those from the lower middle socioeconomic class (33.3%) experienced the most depression. Burden was more among adolescents with low physical activity. Conclusion: This community based study of 400 adolescents residing in the urban and rural areas of Moradabad observed significant burden of depression in adolescent with poor maternal education, living in nuclear families, leading poor lifestyle and affected by any chronic illness at the time of the interview. Positive family history of mental illness was also an important risk factor.
{"title":"An Epidemiological study on Depression among Rural & Urban Adolescent of Moradabad District, Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Sudhir Kumar Gupta, Anish Prabhakar, Amit Kumar, Nawaid Arif, S. Yadav, S. Ganta","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.015","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adolescence is a stressful period due to physical, psychological, sexual changes, and presence of disorder such as depression is a matter of concern. Objectives: To study the prevalence of depression among adolescents in urban and rural areas and its socio-demographic correlates. Materials and methods: The PSU consisted all villages (n=29) and mohallas (n=23) in field-practice area. The required number of villages and mohallas, i.e., 10 each, were chosen using the basic random procedure, wherein each village and Mohalla has been assigned a unique serial number. Results: Overall, depression was observed in 110 participants (27.5%) with similar distribution in urban and rural areas. Low maternal and paternal education was a significant risk factor. Adolescents from the upper middle socioeconomic class (42.9%) and those from the lower middle socioeconomic class (33.3%) experienced the most depression. Burden was more among adolescents with low physical activity. Conclusion: This community based study of 400 adolescents residing in the urban and rural areas of Moradabad observed significant burden of depression in adolescent with poor maternal education, living in nuclear families, leading poor lifestyle and affected by any chronic illness at the time of the interview. Positive family history of mental illness was also an important risk factor.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.016
Rajeev Rathore, S. Nigam, S. Barman
Introduction: Most maternal deaths are preventable because there are proven medical procedures to prevent, diagnose, and treat problems. Basic maternal services help reduce and manage pregnancy complications and reduce preventable deaths. Aim and Objective: To assess the quality and extent of maternal and infant health services provided. Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Community Medicine, GSVM Medical College Kanpur, using a multistage random sample including women with children less than one year of age and infants (less than one year of age) born to these women in rural blocks of Kanpur Nagar district to assess maternal and infant care services from February 2021 to September 2022. Results: Weight and height were measured in 86.58% of participants, abdominal examination was performed in 81.52% of participants, and blood pressure was checked in 86.84% of participants. Hb test was done in 91.65% participants, urine test for proteinuria was done in 28.35% participants, majority of the study participants received counseling on danger signs (79.49%), dietary counseling (86.58%), newborn care (94.43%), family planning (87.84%). Similar results to NFHS-5 in rural Uttar Pradesh were found in previous published research. Conclusion: The percentage of 4 ANC visits was found to be low in the present study along with low consumption of iron and folic acid.
{"title":"Coverage and Quality of Maternal and Infant Health Services in Rural Area of District Kanpur Nagar","authors":"Rajeev Rathore, S. Nigam, S. Barman","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.016","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Most maternal deaths are preventable because there are proven medical procedures to prevent, diagnose, and treat problems. Basic maternal services help reduce and manage pregnancy complications and reduce preventable deaths. Aim and Objective: To assess the quality and extent of maternal and infant health services provided. Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Community Medicine, GSVM Medical College Kanpur, using a multistage random sample including women with children less than one year of age and infants (less than one year of age) born to these women in rural blocks of Kanpur Nagar district to assess maternal and infant care services from February 2021 to September 2022. Results: Weight and height were measured in 86.58% of participants, abdominal examination was performed in 81.52% of participants, and blood pressure was checked in 86.84% of participants. Hb test was done in 91.65% participants, urine test for proteinuria was done in 28.35% participants, majority of the study participants received counseling on danger signs (79.49%), dietary counseling (86.58%), newborn care (94.43%), family planning (87.84%). Similar results to NFHS-5 in rural Uttar Pradesh were found in previous published research. Conclusion: The percentage of 4 ANC visits was found to be low in the present study along with low consumption of iron and folic acid.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.020
Mohit Sharma, Priyanka Devgun, Ashwin Sharma
Background: Gastrointestinal tract cancers are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and cause family members to become primary caregivers. Method: The observational cross- sectional study was conducted using a pretested questionnaire and BSFC short form scale on 156 primary family care givers of patients suffering from and seeking treatment for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract from June 2021 to May 2022 in a tertiary care institute. Result: Mean age of family caregiver was 48.6 (4.7) years and the majority were female 111 (71.1 %). Average duration of primary care given was 2.62(1.24) years. 94 (60.2%) family care givers provided > 8hr duration of care. 103 (66%) of the family caregivers suffered from moderate burden, 39 (25%) from heavy burden and only 14 (8.97%) family caregivers considered burden as mild. Significant association was found between >8 hours of caregiving, caregiver having a comorbid illness, treatment outcome and financial distress borne during the course of treatment and burden of caregiving. Conclusion: Burden of caregiving in the family caregivers of cases of gastrointestinal cancer has the capacity to create ripples in the primary life domains of the caregiver and needs to be looked into.
{"title":"Burden of care on family caregivers of patients of gastrointestinal cancers in a tertiary care institute","authors":"Mohit Sharma, Priyanka Devgun, Ashwin Sharma","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastrointestinal tract cancers are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and cause family members to become primary caregivers. Method: The observational cross- sectional study was conducted using a pretested questionnaire and BSFC short form scale on 156 primary family care givers of patients suffering from and seeking treatment for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract from June 2021 to May 2022 in a tertiary care institute. Result: Mean age of family caregiver was 48.6 (4.7) years and the majority were female 111 (71.1 %). Average duration of primary care given was 2.62(1.24) years. 94 (60.2%) family care givers provided > 8hr duration of care. 103 (66%) of the family caregivers suffered from moderate burden, 39 (25%) from heavy burden and only 14 (8.97%) family caregivers considered burden as mild. Significant association was found between >8 hours of caregiving, caregiver having a comorbid illness, treatment outcome and financial distress borne during the course of treatment and burden of caregiving. Conclusion: Burden of caregiving in the family caregivers of cases of gastrointestinal cancer has the capacity to create ripples in the primary life domains of the caregiver and needs to be looked into.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was taken up to assess the changing trend in prevalence and severity of anaemia in women of reproductive age over the last 15 years by analyzing National Family Health Survey (NFHS) factsheet data and to draw a comparison between the prevalence of anaemia across different states/UTs of India. NFHS 3, 4 and 5 factsheets have been referred for the same. An increase in the prevalence of anaemia from 53% to 57% in all women aged 15-49 years is seen, 50.4% to 52.2% in pregnant women and 53.2% to 57.2% in non-pregnant women between NFHS 4 and 5. West Bengal has the highest prevalence of anaemia, followed by Tripura (67.2%) and Assam with 65.9% among women of 15-49 years. NFHS 5 data shows an increase in the prevalence of anaemia in all women by 4%, 1.8% in pregnant women and a increase by 4 % in non-pregnant women. Anemia Mukt Bharat campaign launched in 2019, was expected to reduce or inert the anaemia burden, but NFHS 5 data indicates a surge in anaemia incidences significantly across women of all age groups over the last five years. Hence, there is a need for revamping and implementing the programmes in a better way.
{"title":"Status of Anaemia amongst women in India: trend analysis of NFHS data","authors":"Ishita Maji, Jaganjeet Kaur Randhawa, Disha Bakshi, Diksha Gautam, S. Mishra","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.019","url":null,"abstract":"The study was taken up to assess the changing trend in prevalence and severity of anaemia in women of reproductive age over the last 15 years by analyzing National Family Health Survey (NFHS) factsheet data and to draw a comparison between the prevalence of anaemia across different states/UTs of India. NFHS 3, 4 and 5 factsheets have been referred for the same. An increase in the prevalence of anaemia from 53% to 57% in all women aged 15-49 years is seen, 50.4% to 52.2% in pregnant women and 53.2% to 57.2% in non-pregnant women between NFHS 4 and 5. West Bengal has the highest prevalence of anaemia, followed by Tripura (67.2%) and Assam with 65.9% among women of 15-49 years. NFHS 5 data shows an increase in the prevalence of anaemia in all women by 4%, 1.8% in pregnant women and a increase by 4 % in non-pregnant women. Anemia Mukt Bharat campaign launched in 2019, was expected to reduce or inert the anaemia burden, but NFHS 5 data indicates a surge in anaemia incidences significantly across women of all age groups over the last five years. Hence, there is a need for revamping and implementing the programmes in a better way.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.007
Neetu Singh, Dileep Kumar, A. Gupta, S. Mishra, Ganesh Yadav, M. Srivastava
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been related to poor bone health, increased risk of PIH, obstructed labour, vaginosis and LBW baby among women of reproductive age. Aims &Objectives: To evaluate the serum calcium and vitamin D levels of reproductive age group women and their relation with sociodemographic parameters. Material &Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among non-pregnant and non-lactating women aged 15-49 years, attending the OPD for any musculoskeletal complaints. The study participants were subjected to a pretested questionnaire for capturing information regarding their sociodemographic parameters. Non fasting blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis of serum vitamin D and calcium. Results: The mean serum vitamin D and calcium levels were 20.94±10.61 ng/ml and 4.82±0.87 mg/dl respectively. The median serum vitamin D levels were 18.1 ng/ml with IQR of 12.43-28.00 ng/ml. The median serum vitamin D levels were significantly less among women residing in rural area and those who were unmarried/separated. Vitamin D level were highest in middle and lowest in upper socioeconomic status (p=0.007). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is more pronounced among women from rural background and those who were unmarried/separated. These women are susceptible to development of osteoporosis and pregnancy related complications in later age.
背景：维生素 D 缺乏与育龄妇女骨骼健康状况不佳、PIH 风险增加、难产、阴道炎和低体重儿有关。目的与目标评估育龄妇女的血清钙和维生素 D 水平及其与社会人口学参数的关系。材料与方法：对 15-49 岁因肌肉骨骼疾病就诊的非怀孕和非哺乳期妇女进行横断面研究。研究参与者接受了一份预先测试的调查问卷，以获取有关其社会人口学参数的信息。研究人员采集了非空腹血液样本，用于血清维生素 D 和钙的生化分析。结果：平均血清维生素 D 和钙水平分别为 20.94±10.61 纳克/毫升和 4.82±0.87 毫克/分升。血清维生素 D 水平的中位数为 18.1 ng/ml，IQR 为 12.43-28.00 ng/ml。居住在农村地区和未婚/分居妇女的血清维生素 D 水平中位数明显较低。社会经济地位中等的妇女维生素 D 水平最高，社会经济地位较高的妇女维生素 D 水平最低（P=0.007）。结论农村妇女和未婚/分居妇女更容易缺乏维生素 D。这些妇女在晚年很容易患上骨质疏松症和与妊娠有关的并发症。
{"title":"Vitamin D and Calcium Levels among Women of Reproductive Age Group from Northern India","authors":"Neetu Singh, Dileep Kumar, A. Gupta, S. Mishra, Ganesh Yadav, M. Srivastava","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been related to poor bone health, increased risk of PIH, obstructed labour, vaginosis and LBW baby among women of reproductive age. Aims &Objectives: To evaluate the serum calcium and vitamin D levels of reproductive age group women and their relation with sociodemographic parameters. Material &Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among non-pregnant and non-lactating women aged 15-49 years, attending the OPD for any musculoskeletal complaints. The study participants were subjected to a pretested questionnaire for capturing information regarding their sociodemographic parameters. Non fasting blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis of serum vitamin D and calcium. Results: The mean serum vitamin D and calcium levels were 20.94±10.61 ng/ml and 4.82±0.87 mg/dl respectively. The median serum vitamin D levels were 18.1 ng/ml with IQR of 12.43-28.00 ng/ml. The median serum vitamin D levels were significantly less among women residing in rural area and those who were unmarried/separated. Vitamin D level were highest in middle and lowest in upper socioeconomic status (p=0.007). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is more pronounced among women from rural background and those who were unmarried/separated. These women are susceptible to development of osteoporosis and pregnancy related complications in later age.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.002
M. S. Shenoy, Archismita Santra, A. Giri
Introduction: Rabies is one of the Neglected Tropical diseases. India accounts for 35% of rabies-related human deaths globally. Despite effective preventive and control strategies, India hasn't been able to eliminate rabies. Methodology: A narrative review was done by comparing various policies and programmes related to rabies control and elimination in India and other countries, and the gaps persisting in the Indian guidelines and its implementation were assessed. Results: There are multiple gaps in the Indian programme implementation ranging from multiple stockouts of vaccines, unavailability of rabies immunoglobulin, and lack of a robust surveillance system to lack of refreshing training of the health staff. Recommendations: For effective implementation, the population should have increased awareness, with increased production and an effective supply chain of vaccines and immunoglobulins. There should also be a robust surveillance system with periodic refresher training of the health staff.
{"title":"Rabies elimination policy guidelines: Where do we stand?","authors":"M. S. Shenoy, Archismita Santra, A. Giri","doi":"10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rabies is one of the Neglected Tropical diseases. India accounts for 35% of rabies-related human deaths globally. Despite effective preventive and control strategies, India hasn't been able to eliminate rabies. Methodology: A narrative review was done by comparing various policies and programmes related to rabies control and elimination in India and other countries, and the gaps persisting in the Indian guidelines and its implementation were assessed. Results: There are multiple gaps in the Indian programme implementation ranging from multiple stockouts of vaccines, unavailability of rabies immunoglobulin, and lack of a robust surveillance system to lack of refreshing training of the health staff. Recommendations: For effective implementation, the population should have increased awareness, with increased production and an effective supply chain of vaccines and immunoglobulins. There should also be a robust surveillance system with periodic refresher training of the health staff.","PeriodicalId":13363,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Health","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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