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Safety and Efficacy of Imeglimin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Heart Failure. 依米霉素治疗2型糖尿病合并心力衰竭患者的安全性和有效性。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13838
Tomoaki Nishikawa, Akinori Higaki, Keisho Kurokawa, Kohei Yoshimoto, Rikako Horie, Yasuhisa Nakao, Tomoki Fujisawa, Shigehiro Miyazaki, Yusuke Akazawa, Toru Miyoshi, Hiroshi Kawakami, Haruhiko Higashi, Shunsuke Tamaki, Kazuhisa Nishimura, Katsuji Inoue, Shuntaro Ikeda, Osamu Yamaguchi

Background/aim: Imeglimin, a novel oral antidiabetic agent, was approved in 2021 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Phase III clinical trials demonstrated its safety and efficacy in managing T2DM. However, its safety profile in patients with heart failure has not been thoroughly evaluated in real-world clinical settings.

Patients and methods: We analyzed cases of patients with heart failure (stage B or higher) who were newly prescribed imeglimin, based on electronic medical records from June 2022 to June 2024. Baseline clinical data at the initiation of imeglimin therapy were collected, and cardiovascular events, adverse effects (e.g., lactic acidosis), and blood test results, including glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), were assessed as of July 2024.

Results: A total of 21 patients met the inclusion criteria. HbA1c levels significantly decreased after an average of 312.1±205.8 days of imeglimin therapy (baseline vs. on therapy: 8.2±1.0% vs. 7.5±0.7%, p=0.001). Alanine aminotransferase levels were also significantly reduced (baseline vs. on therapy: 30.9±23.8 IU/l vs. 22.0±12.3 IU/l, p=0.022). No adverse drug reactions were observed during the treatment period. Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in three patients (14%), although a clear association with imeglimin remains uncertain.

Conclusion: Imeglimin demonstrated safety and efficacy in T2DM in patients with coexisting heart failure.

背景/目的:依米明是一种新型口服降糖药,于2021年被批准用于治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)。III期临床试验证明了其治疗T2DM的安全性和有效性。然而,它在心力衰竭患者中的安全性还没有在现实世界的临床环境中得到彻底的评估。患者和方法:基于2022年6月至2024年6月的电子医疗记录,我们分析了新开伊米明的心力衰竭(B期或更高)患者病例。收集伊米霉素治疗开始时的基线临床数据,并评估截至2024年7月的心血管事件、不良反应(如乳酸性酸中毒)和血液检查结果,包括糖化血红蛋白A1c (HbA1c)。结果:共有21例患者符合纳入标准。在平均312.1±205.8天的伊米霉素治疗后,HbA1c水平显著降低(基线vs.治疗:8.2±1.0% vs. 7.5±0.7%,p=0.001)。丙氨酸转氨酶水平也显著降低(基线与治疗组比较:30.9±23.8 IU/l vs. 22.0±12.3 IU/l, p=0.022)。治疗期间未见药物不良反应。3名患者(14%)发生了主要的不良心血管事件,尽管与伊米霉素的明确关联仍不确定。结论:依美美明治疗合并心衰的T2DM患者安全有效。
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引用次数: 0
Vaccine Adherence: From Vaccine Hesitancy to Actual Vaccination and Reasons for Refusal of Childhood Vaccines in a Group of Postpartum Mothers. 疫苗依从性:一组产后母亲从疫苗犹豫到实际接种及拒绝接种儿童疫苗的原因
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13855
Camelia Florina Iova, Lucia Georgeta Daina, Codrin Dan Nicolae Ilea, Horaţiu Paul Domnariu, Timea Claudia Ghitea, Mădălina Diana Daina

Background/aim: Vaccine refusal or delay remains a significant public health concern, leading to lower vaccination rates and increasing the risk of preventable diseases.

Patients and methods: The study included 404 mothers and 413 children, assessing vaccination coverage and conducting telephone interviews with mothers who declined vaccines to understand their reasons.

Results: Children of mothers who supported vaccination were more likely to be fully immunized compared to those with hesitant mothers. Among the incompletely vaccinated or unvaccinated children, 73.08% had mothers from the hesitant group (GNV). However, 90.05% of hesitant mothers still vaccinated their children with all recommended vaccines, while 9.95% maintained their refusal. Only 3.22% of the total sample, all from the GNV group, refused vaccination entirely. The primary reasons for refusal included fear of side effects, lack of trust in vaccines or the healthcare system, negative vaccination experiences, and influence from media or social platforms.

Conclusion: While vaccination behaviors may improve as a child grows, a significant proportion of hesitant parents continue to exist across different population groups, contributing to suboptimal vaccination coverage rates. The consistent implementation of unified, nationwide strategies aimed at increasing trust in vaccines and the vaccination process is essential for achieving protective vaccination rates.

背景/目的:拒绝或延迟接种疫苗仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题,导致疫苗接种率降低,增加了可预防疾病的风险。患者和方法:该研究包括404名母亲和413名儿童,评估疫苗接种覆盖率,并对拒绝接种疫苗的母亲进行电话采访,以了解其原因。结果:与那些犹豫不决的母亲相比,支持接种疫苗的母亲的孩子更有可能完全免疫。在未完全接种疫苗或未接种疫苗的儿童中,有73.08%的母亲为犹豫组(GNV)。然而,90.05%的犹豫母亲仍然为孩子接种了所有推荐的疫苗,9.95%的母亲仍然拒绝接种。只有3.22%的样本,全部来自GNV组,完全拒绝接种疫苗。拒绝接种的主要原因包括害怕副作用、对疫苗或卫生保健系统缺乏信任、不良的疫苗接种经历以及媒体或社交平台的影响。结论:尽管随着儿童的成长,疫苗接种行为可能会改善,但在不同人群中,仍有相当比例的犹豫父母存在,导致疫苗接种率不理想。始终如一地执行旨在增强对疫苗和疫苗接种过程的信任的统一全国战略,对于实现保护性疫苗接种率至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
In Vivo Antitumor Activity of the PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor SCL-1 in Various Mouse Tumor Models. PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂SCL-1在多种小鼠肿瘤模型中的体内抗肿瘤活性
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13805
Tadashi Ashizawa, Akira Iizuka, Akari Kanematsu, Takayuki Ando, Chie Maeda, Haruo Miyata, Kazue Yamashita, Tomoatsu Ikeya, Yasufumi Kikuchi, Kouji Maruyama, Takeshi Nagashima, Kenichi Urakami, Ken Yamaguchi, Yasuto Akiyama

Background/aim: Immune checkpoint blockade has achieved great success as a targeted immunotherapy for solid cancers. However, small molecules that inhibit programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) binding are still being developed and have several advantages, such as high bioavailability. Previously, we reported a novel PD-1/PD-L1-inhibiting small compound, SCL-1, which showed potent antitumor effects on PD-L1+ tumors. These effects were dependent on CD8+ T-cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression on tumors. The present study investigated the in vivo antitumor activity of SCL-1 in various mouse syngeneic tumor models.

Materials and methods: Twelve syngeneic mice models of tumors, such as colon, breast, bladder, kidney, pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancers, melanoma, and lymphomas, were used for in vivo experiments. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was analyzed by whole exome sequencing (WES) using reference DNA from mouse blood. The proportion of CD8+ T-cells infiltrating tumors before and after treatment was assessed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results: SCL-1 had a markedly greater antitumor effect (11 sensitive tumors and 1 resistant tumor among the 12 tumor types) than the anti-mouse PD-1 antibody (8 sensitive tumors and 4 resistant tumors). In addition, the tumor growth inhibition rate (%) was more closely associated with TMB in the SCL-1 group than in the anti-PD-1 antibody group. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using PD-L1 gene knockout and lymphocyte-depletion technologies demonstrated that the antitumor activity of SCL-1 was dependent on CD8+ T-cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression in tumors.

Conclusion: SCL-1 has great potential as an oral immunotherapy that targets immune checkpoint molecules in cancer treatment.

背景/目的:免疫检查点阻断作为一种针对实体癌的靶向免疫疗法已经取得了巨大的成功。然而,抑制程序性死亡1/程序性死亡配体1 (PD-1/PD-L1)结合的小分子仍在开发中,它们具有生物利用度高等优点。在此之前,我们报道了一种新的PD-1/PD-L1抑制小化合物SCL-1,它对PD-L1阳性肿瘤具有有效的抗肿瘤作用。这些作用依赖于CD8+ t细胞浸润和PD-L1在肿瘤中的表达。本研究研究了SCL-1在多种小鼠同基因肿瘤模型中的体内抗肿瘤活性。材料与方法:采用12只结肠癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、黑色素瘤、淋巴瘤等肿瘤的同基因小鼠模型进行体内实验。采用全外显子组测序(WES)分析小鼠血液中肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)。采用流式细胞术和免疫组化(IHC)检测治疗前后CD8+ t细胞浸润肿瘤的比例。结果:SCL-1的抗肿瘤作用(12种肿瘤类型中敏感肿瘤11例,耐药肿瘤1例)明显高于抗小鼠PD-1抗体(敏感肿瘤8例,耐药肿瘤4例)。此外,与抗pd -1抗体组相比,SCL-1组的肿瘤生长抑制率(%)与TMB的相关性更密切。此外,利用PD-L1基因敲除和淋巴细胞去除技术进行的体内实验表明,SCL-1的抗肿瘤活性依赖于肿瘤中CD8+ t细胞的浸润和PD-L1的表达。结论:SCL-1作为一种靶向免疫检查点分子的口服免疫疗法在肿瘤治疗中具有很大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis of the Pelvic Lymph Nodes Detected Incidentally During Surgical Staging of Gynecological Malignancies: Comprehensive Clinicopathological Analysis of 17 Consecutive Cases from a Single Institution. 妇科恶性肿瘤手术分期中偶然发现的盆腔淋巴结淋巴管平滑肌瘤病:来自同一机构连续17例的综合临床病理分析。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13831
Yurimi Lee, Hyun-Soo Kim

Background/aim: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) belongs to the perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) family. The relationship between LAM and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is of particular concern in a subset of women with clinically occult LAM involving the pelvic lymph nodes. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of incidental nodal LAM detected during the surgical staging of gynecological tumors.

Patients and methods: During the study period of 10 years, we identified 17 patients with pelvic nodal LAM that was incidentally detected during surgery for gynecological neoplastic lesions. We conducted immunostaining to assess the diagnostic utility of a panel of PEComa markers.

Results: Two of the 17 patients (11.8%) were diagnosed with TSC before surgery without any pulmonary symptoms. During the follow-up, both patients developed pulmonary and extrapulmonary LAMs. All affected nodes were multiple and unilateral in the pelvic region. The mean nodal size was 5.4 mm, and the mean proportion of the area involved in the LAM was 34.1%. In two patients with TSC, the largest affected node measured 19.3 mm and 7.6 mm, respectively, and the proportion of the area replaced by LAM was 99% and 90%, respectively. The most frequently expressed markers were human melanoma black 45 and cathepsin K, which showed 100% positivity in all the examined cases.

Conclusion: While most small nodal LAMs incidentally discovered during surgery have insignificant prognostic value, larger nodal LAMs occupying most of the nodal parenchyma at reproductive age should raise awareness of pulmonary and extrapulmonary LAMs as well as TSC.

背景/目的:淋巴管平滑肌瘤病(LAM)属于血管周围上皮样细胞瘤(PEComa)家族。LAM与结节性硬化症(TSC)之间的关系在临床隐匿性LAM累及盆腔淋巴结的女性中尤其值得关注。本研究旨在探讨妇科肿瘤手术分期中发现的偶发淋巴结性LAM的临床病理特征。患者和方法:在10年的研究期间,我们确定了17例在妇科肿瘤病变手术中偶然发现的盆腔淋巴结LAM患者。我们进行免疫染色以评估PEComa标记物的诊断效用。结果:17例患者中2例(11.8%)术前诊断为TSC,无任何肺部症状。随访期间,两例患者均出现肺及肺外lam。所有受累淋巴结均为多发单侧盆腔淋巴结。平均淋巴结大小为5.4 mm,平均占LAM面积的34.1%。2例TSC患者最大受累淋巴结分别为19.3 mm和7.6 mm, LAM替代面积占比分别为99%和90%。最常表达的标记是人类黑色素瘤黑45和组织蛋白酶K,在所有检查的病例中均显示100%阳性。结论:手术中偶然发现的小结节性lam对预后的影响不大,而在育龄期出现的占据大部分淋巴结实质的较大淋巴结性lam应提高对肺、肺外淋巴结性lam及TSC的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Up-regulation of Cuproptosis-related lncRNAS in Patients Receiving Immunotherapy for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Indicates Progressive Disease. 转移性透明细胞肾细胞癌患者接受免疫治疗时铜中毒相关lncRNAS的上调预示着疾病的进展
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13812
Hector Katifelis, Stamatiki Grammatikaki, Roubini Zakopoulou, Aristotelis Bamias, Michalis V Karamouzis, Konstantinos Stravodimos, Maria Gazouli

Background/aim: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the most common type of renal cancer. When resectable, nephrectomy is the only radical treatment for ccRCC, however metastasis is already present at 30% of the patient population. Although great progress has been made in the field of targeted therapy with the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) the cure of metastatic ccRCC (mccRCC) remains far from achieved. Additionally, the need of biomarkers capable of predicting their therapeutic efficacy with the aim to ameliorate patient treatment and management is crucial. This study aimed to investigate potential changes in the expression of 3 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs, FOXD2-AS1, MINCR, LINC02154, in the blood of mccRCC patients that receive ICI-based treatments and whether these changes could be used to distinguish patients with clinical benefit (CB) from patients with progressive disease (PD).

Materials and methods: Peripheral blood from 31 mccRCC patients was obtained, prior to administration of ICI-immunotherapy. Using the RECIST criteria patients were subdivided into CB and PD groups. The fold change of FOXD2-AS1, MINCR, LINC02154 was evaluated using qRT-PCR.

Results: The tested lncRNAs showed an increase in peripheral blood with the most notable up-regulation in FOXD2-AS1 and LINC02154 (fold change of 3.7 and 3.8 respectively), followed by MINCR, (fold change of 2.6) in the PD patient group.

Conclusion: Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs FOXD2-AS1, MINCR, LINC02154 show promise for the prediction of patient response (CB vs. PD) in ICI-based therapeutic schemes in patients with mccRCC.

背景/目的:透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)是最常见的肾癌类型。当可切除时,肾切除术是唯一根治性治疗ccRCC的方法,然而30%的患者已经出现转移。尽管随着免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)的出现,靶向治疗领域取得了很大进展,但转移性ccRCC (mccRCC)的治愈仍远未实现。此外,需要能够预测其治疗效果的生物标志物,以改善患者的治疗和管理是至关重要的。本研究旨在探讨接受ci治疗的mccRCC患者血液中3种铜肾病相关lncrna FOXD2-AS1、MINCR、LINC02154表达的潜在变化,以及这些变化是否可以用于区分临床获益(CB)患者和进展性疾病(PD)患者。材料和方法:采集31例mccRCC患者的外周血,在给予ici免疫治疗之前。采用RECIST标准将患者细分为CB组和PD组。采用qRT-PCR检测FOXD2-AS1、MINCR、LINC02154基因的折叠变化。结果:检测的lncrna在外周血中表达增加,PD患者组中FOXD2-AS1和LINC02154表达上调最显著(分别上调3.7倍和3.8倍),其次是MINCR表达上调(上调2.6倍)。结论:cuprosiosis相关的lncrna FOXD2-AS1, MINCR, LINC02154在mccRCC患者基于ci的治疗方案中显示出预测患者反应(CB vs. PD)的希望。
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引用次数: 0
Sertaconazole, an Imidazole Antifungal Agent, Suppresses the Stemness of Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Stat3 Signaling. 咪唑类抗真菌药物Sertaconazole通过抑制Stat3信号传导抑制乳腺癌细胞的干性。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13817
Su-Lim Kim, Won-Kyung Hong, Hack Sun Choi, Dong-Sun Lee

Background/aim: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that play a role in therapeutic resistance. In this study, we demonstrated that sertaconazole, an antifungal agent, displayed a potent inhibition on cancer stem cells (CSCs) and investigated the mechanism of action involved in its anti-BCSC effect.

Materials and methods: The effect of sertaconazole on BCSCs was investigated using a mammosphere formation assay, a colony formation assay, and a cell migration assay. In addition, CD44high/CD24low and ALDEFLOR analyses, an apoptosis assay, quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and a cytokine profiling assay were performed.

Results: Sertaconazole inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, mammosphere formation, and mammosphere proliferation. It also induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. It decreased the subpopulation of CD44high/CD24low and aldehyde dehydrogenase-expressing cells. It also reduced the DNA binding of Stat3 and nuclear protein expression levels of phosphorylated Stat3. Furthermore, it reduced the IL-8 mRNA levels of the mammosphere.

Conclusion: Sertaconazole can inhibit the Stat3 and IL-8 signaling pathways and induce CSC death. Thus, sertaconazole might be a potential inhibitor of BCSCs.

背景/目的:乳腺癌干细胞(BCSCs)是肿瘤细胞的一个亚群,在治疗耐药中发挥作用。在本研究中,我们证明了抗真菌药物sertaconazole对癌症干细胞(CSCs)具有有效的抑制作用,并研究了其抗bcsc作用的作用机制。材料和方法:采用乳腺球形成实验、集落形成实验和细胞迁移实验研究sertaconazole对BCSCs的影响。此外,还进行了CD44high/CD24low和ALDEFLOR分析、细胞凋亡实验、实时荧光定量PCR、western blotting、电泳迁移迁移实验和细胞因子分析。结果:舍他康唑抑制细胞增殖、菌落形成、细胞迁移、乳腺球形成和乳腺球增殖。它还能诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡。它降低了表达cd44高/ cd24低和醛脱氢酶的细胞亚群。它还降低了Stat3的DNA结合和磷酸化Stat3的核蛋白表达水平。此外,它还能降低乳腺细胞中IL-8 mRNA的水平。结论:舍他康唑可抑制Stat3和IL-8信号通路,诱导CSC死亡。因此,舍他康唑可能是一种潜在的BCSCs抑制剂。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Vitamin D3 Supplementation Doses of 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 and 8,000 IU in Young Healthy Individuals. 年轻健康个体补充维生素D3剂量1,000、2,000、4,000和8,000 IU的比较。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13848
Marketa Kralova, Michal Jirasko, Eva Dedeckova, Hedvika Hatakova, Pavel Broz, Vaclav Simanek, David Slouka, Ladislav Pecen, Radek Kucera

Background/aim: Low levels of vitamin D are a widespread global issue. This study aimed to determine the optimal vitamin D3 supplementation dose for healthy young adults by comparing the effectiveness of gradually increasing cholecalciferol doses over two years.

Patients and methods: Thirty-five volunteers participated in a two-season pilot study conducted from October to April to avoid sunlight-induced vitamin D3 synthesis. The participants used oil-based drops of cholecalciferol, increasing their dose from 1,000 to 2,000, 4,000, and then 8,000 IU daily for 60 days with a 30-day break.

Results: Supplementing with 1,000 IU/day raised vitamin D levels to the recommended range (above 75 nmol/l), but levels dropped below this range after a 30-day break. A dose of 2,000 IU/day maintained vitamin D levels within the recommended range, even after the break. Increasing the dose to 4,000 IU/day produced a rapid rise, though levels dropped more significantly after stopping supplementation. With 8,000 IU/day, both the rise and subsequent decline in vitamin D levels were more pronounced.

Conclusion: Effective vitamin D supplementation in healthy young adults can be achieved with a daily dose of 2,000 IU during winter. However, 4,000 IU/day was more effective for maintaining levels above 100 nmol/l, supporting broader health benefits. Regular monitoring of [25(OH)D], calcium, and phosphorus levels is essential.

背景/目的:维生素D水平低是一个普遍的全球性问题。本研究旨在通过比较两年内逐渐增加胆骨化醇剂量的有效性,确定健康年轻人的最佳维生素D3补充剂量。患者和方法:35名志愿者参加了一项为期两季的试点研究,该研究于10月至4月进行,以避免阳光诱导的维生素D3合成。参与者使用基于油的胆钙化醇滴剂,将剂量从每天1,000 IU增加到2,000 IU, 4,000 IU,然后8,000 IU,持续60天,休息30天。结果:每天补充1,000 IU可将维生素D水平提高到推荐范围(高于75 nmol/l),但在休息30天后,维生素D水平降至该范围以下。即使在休息之后,每天2000国际单位的剂量也能使维生素D水平保持在推荐范围内。将剂量增加到4,000 IU/天会产生快速上升,尽管在停止补充后水平下降得更明显。当每天摄入8000国际单位时,维生素D水平的上升和随后的下降都更为明显。结论:健康青年在冬季每日摄入2000 IU维生素D即可获得有效补充。然而,每天4,000 IU对于维持100 nmol/l以上的水平更有效,支持更广泛的健康益处。定期监测[25(OH)D]、钙和磷水平是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Oral Lactate Administration on Skeletal Muscle Mass in Mice Under Different Loading Conditions. 口服乳酸对不同负荷条件下小鼠骨骼肌质量的影响。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13820
Yoshitaka Ohno, Masashi Nakatani, Yuki Matsui, Yohei Suda, Takafumi Ito, Koki Ando, Shingo Yokoyama, Katsumasa Goto

Background/aim: Lactate is a physiologically active substance secreted by skeletal muscle that has been suggested to stimulate muscle mass gain. However, the molecular mechanism for lactate-associated muscle hypertrophy remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether oral administration of lactate increases muscle mass under different loading conditions.

Materials and methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 1) control, 2) lactate, 3) unloading, 4) unloading with lactate, 5) reloading after unloading, and 6) reloading after unloading with lactate groups. Mice in the unloading and reloading after unloading groups were subjected to hindlimb suspension (HS) for two weeks and 2-week ambulation recovery after HS, respectively. Mice of the lactate groups were orally administered sodium lactate five days per week. The changes in muscle mass (muscle weight and protein content) and intracellular signals in fast plantaris and slow soleus muscles were evaluated.

Results: Oral administration of lactate increased the muscle mass and suppressed 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in both plantaris and soleus muscles under normal weight-bearing and unloading conditions. However, during reloading after unloading, lactate administration increased muscle mass and suppressed AMPK phosphorylation in the plantaris muscle, but not in the soleus muscle.

Conclusion: Lactate administration is an effective countermeasure for unloading-associated skeletal muscle atrophy. This anabolic effect of lactate on skeletal muscle mass may differ depending on muscle types.

背景/目的:乳酸是骨骼肌分泌的一种生理活性物质,被认为可以刺激肌肉质量的增加。然而,乳酸相关肌肉肥大的分子机制尚不清楚。本研究的目的是探讨口服乳酸盐是否会在不同的负荷条件下增加肌肉质量。材料与方法:将雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分为1)对照组、2)乳酸组、3)卸载组、4)乳酸卸载组、5)卸载后再加载组、6)乳酸卸载后再加载组。卸载组和卸载后再加载组小鼠分别进行2周后肢悬吊和2周后肢悬吊后活动恢复。乳酸组小鼠每周5天口服乳酸钠。评估快跖肌和慢比目鱼肌的肌肉质量(肌肉重量和蛋白质含量)和细胞内信号的变化。结果:在正常负重和卸载条件下,口服乳酸增加了足底和比目鱼肌的肌肉质量,抑制了5′amp活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化。然而,在卸载后重新加载期间,乳酸管理增加了足底肌的肌肉质量并抑制了AMPK磷酸化,但在比目鱼肌中没有。结论:乳酸给药是治疗卸载相关性骨骼肌萎缩的有效对策。乳酸盐对骨骼肌质量的合成代谢作用可能因肌肉类型而异。
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引用次数: 0
Thrombosis in Children: A Retrospective Study from a Single-center Database. 儿童血栓形成:来自单中心数据库的回顾性研究。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13851
Cristian Sava, Alin Iuhas, Andreea Balmoș, Larisa Niulaș, Cristian Marinău, Zsolt Futaki, Diana Bei, Kinga Kozma, Ladislau Ritli, Ariana Szilagyi

Background/aim: The incidence and characteristics of pediatric thrombotic events have become increasingly recognized, due to the enhanced utilization of advanced diagnostic techniques. Pediatric thrombosis remains less frequent than in adults, often manifesting in those with underlying congenital or acquired risk factors. This study aimed to establish epidemiological data on pediatric thrombotic events in Bihor County, Romania, highlighting the challenges of diagnosis in smaller medical centers and proposing a relevant diagnostic and treatment algorithm.

Patients and methods: This retrospective study, conducted over 22 years at the Emergency County Clinical Hospital Bihor, identified 39 pediatric patients diagnosed with thrombotic events using electronic medical records.

Results: Most patients (82.1%) were diagnosed between 2013 and 2024, with a slight male predominance. The age distribution shows two peak clusters: newborns up to one year and adolescents. The majority of cases (53.8%) were venous thromboembolism, followed by arterial thromboembolism at 41%, while 5.1% involved both types. Cerebral thrombosis was the most common, followed by lower and upper limb events. Inherited thrombophilia factors were found in all patients tested, with antithrombin, protein S, and protein C deficiencies identified. Malignancy was the most frequently acquired risk factor, and PAI-1 4G/5G was the most common genetic variant detected among inherited factors.

Conclusion: This study highlights the significant rise in pediatric thromboembolism recognition over the past two decades; however, underdiagnosis remains an issue. Improved awareness among healthcare professionals is crucial, particularly for unprovoked thrombosis cases where a thorough thrombophilia panel and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team may be necessary.

背景/目的:由于先进诊断技术的应用,儿童血栓形成事件的发生率和特点越来越被人们所认识。儿童血栓形成仍然比成人少,通常表现在那些潜在的先天性或后天的危险因素。本研究旨在建立罗马尼亚比霍尔县儿童血栓形成事件的流行病学数据,强调在小型医疗中心诊断的挑战,并提出相关的诊断和治疗算法。患者和方法:这项回顾性研究在比霍尔急诊县临床医院进行了22年,确定了39例使用电子病历诊断为血栓形成事件的儿科患者。结果:2013 - 2024年间确诊患者占82.1%,男性略占优势。年龄分布呈现两个高峰群:一岁以下新生儿和青少年。大多数病例(53.8%)为静脉血栓栓塞,其次是动脉血栓栓塞(41%),其中5.1%为两种血栓栓塞。脑血栓是最常见的,其次是下肢和上肢事件。在所有检测的患者中均发现遗传性血栓形成因子,并发现抗凝血酶、蛋白S和蛋白C缺乏。恶性肿瘤是最常见的获得性危险因素,PAI-1 4G/5G是遗传因素中最常见的遗传变异。结论:这项研究强调了在过去的二十年中,儿童血栓栓塞的认知度显著上升;然而,诊断不足仍然是一个问题。提高医疗保健专业人员的认识是至关重要的,特别是对于无缘无故的血栓形成病例,在这种情况下,可能需要一个彻底的血栓病小组和一个多学科小组的参与。
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引用次数: 0
Transient Ischaemic Attack in a Patient With Conn Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review on the Importance of Identifying Secondary Hypertension. 康氏综合征患者的短暂性缺血发作:1例报告及鉴别继发性高血压重要性的文献综述。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13861
Daniel Lee, Kate Emblin, Rob Daniels, Tomazo Joseph Kallis, Mohammad Alallan, Kinan Mokbel

Background/aim: Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is characterised by a temporary neurological dysfunction resulting from focal ischaemia in the brain, spinal cord or retina without acute infarction. These episodes typically last less than 24 hours and are significant predictors of subsequent ischaemic strokes. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cerebrovascular events, and primary aldosteronism (PA) is recognised as a common cause of secondary hypertension. This case report presents a male patient with secondary hypertension due to Conn Syndrome, a form of PA, who experienced a TIA manifesting as left leg weakness, underscoring the heightened stroke risk associated with secondary hypertension.

Case report: A 78-year-old male with secondary hypertension caused by Conn Syndrome presented with an episode of left leg weakness that resolved within 24 hours. After ruling out other potential causes such as metabolic disturbances, infections, and structural brain lesions, he was diagnosed with TIA and treated with dual antiplatelet therapy. A carotid ultrasound revealed significant stenosis, leading to a referral for carotid endarterectomy. Long-term management included clopidogrel monotherapy and optimising hypertension control.

Conclusion: This case highlights the increased stroke risk in patients with Conn Syndrome-related hypertension, emphasising the importance of early recognition and optimising hypertension management in patients with secondary hypertension to prevent future cerebrovascular events.

背景/目的:短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)以脑、脊髓或视网膜局灶性缺血引起的暂时性神经功能障碍为特征,无急性梗死。这些发作通常持续不到24小时,是随后缺血性中风的重要预测因素。高血压是脑血管事件的主要危险因素,原发性醛固酮增多症(PA)被认为是继发性高血压的常见原因。本病例报告报告了一名男性患者因康氏综合征(PA的一种形式)而继发性高血压,他经历了一次表现为左腿无力的TIA,强调了继发性高血压相关的卒中风险增加。病例报告:一名78岁男性,因康氏综合征引起继发性高血压,表现为左腿无力,24小时内消退。在排除了其他潜在的原因,如代谢紊乱、感染和结构性脑损伤后,他被诊断为TIA,并接受双重抗血小板治疗。颈动脉超声显示明显狭窄,转介行颈动脉内膜切除术。长期治疗包括氯吡格雷单药治疗和优化高血压控制。结论:本病例强调了Conn综合征相关性高血压患者卒中风险增加,强调了继发性高血压患者早期识别和优化高血压管理的重要性,以预防未来脑血管事件的发生。
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引用次数: 0
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