Jesús Quezada-Vidal, Virginia Cruz-Vallejo, Rocío Ortiz-Muñiz, Elsa Cervantes-Ríos, Pedro Morales-Ramírez
Background/aim: ClFdA is a second-generation antineoplastic agent that has demonstrated significant anticancer activity, particularly against acute lymphoblastic leukemia and has been shown to have radiosensitizing activity. The aim of the study was to explore the genotoxic, cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of clofarabine (ClFdA) on bone marrow cells (BMCs), normoblasts and leukocytes of mice in vivo.
Materials and methods: Cytotoxicity was determined by the reduction in reticulocytes (RET), and genotoxicity was determined by the induction of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RET) in the peripheral blood and by DNA break induction in leukocytes determined by single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). The radiosensitizing capacity of ClFdA was determined in leukocytes and BMCs by SCGE.
Results: Two mechanisms of MN-RET induction were identified according to the antecedents, that could be due to inhibition of DNA synthesis and demethylation of G-C regions, and subsequent chromosome fragility. ClFdA cytotoxicity causes two contiguous peaks, an early peak that seems to inhibit MN-RET induction and a second peak that seems to be caused by ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and/or DNA synthesis inhibitions. ClFdA induced early DNA damage in noncycling leukocytes, and also radiosensitizes leukocytes immediately after treatment. ClFdA-ionizing radiation (IR) causes two time-dependent episodes of DNA damage, the latest after 80 min triggers a major breakage of DNA. In terms of the number of damaged cells, leukocytes and BMCs are similarly sensitive to ionizing radiation; BMCs are slightly more sensitive than leukocytes to ClFdA, but BMCs are doubly sensitive to combined treatment.
Conclusion: ClFdA causes early DNA damage and radiosensitivity in non-proliferating leukocytes, which rules out the most favored hypotheses of the participation of RR and DNA polymerase inhibition.
背景/目的:氯法拉滨(ClFdA)是一种第二代抗肿瘤药物,已显示出显著的抗癌活性,尤其是对急性淋巴细胞白血病,并具有放射增敏活性。本研究旨在探讨氯法拉滨(ClFdA)对小鼠体内骨髓细胞(BMCs)、正常细胞和白细胞的遗传毒性、细胞毒性和放射增敏作用:细胞毒性通过网织红细胞(RET)的减少来测定,遗传毒性通过外周血中微核网织红细胞(MN-RET)的诱导和单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)测定的白细胞DNA断裂诱导来测定。通过 SCGE 测定了 ClFdA 在白细胞和 BMC 中的放射增敏能力:结果:根据前因发现,MN-RET诱导的两种机制可能是抑制DNA合成和G-C区的去甲基化,以及随后的染色体脆性。ClFdA 的细胞毒性导致两个连续的峰值,一个早期峰值似乎抑制了 MN-RET 诱导,第二个峰值似乎是由核糖核苷酸还原酶(RR)和/或 DNA 合成抑制引起的。ClFdA 可诱导非循环白细胞的早期 DNA 损伤,还能在处理后立即使白细胞放射致敏。ClFdA-电离辐射(IR)会导致两次随时间变化的DNA损伤,最近一次是在80分钟后引发DNA的严重断裂。就受损细胞的数量而言,白细胞和骨髓造血干细胞对电离辐射的敏感性相似;骨髓造血干细胞对 ClFdA 的敏感性略高于白细胞,但骨髓造血干细胞对联合处理的敏感性加倍:结论:ClFdA 会导致非增殖白细胞的早期 DNA 损伤和辐射敏感性,这排除了最被看好的 RR 和 DNA 聚合酶抑制参与的假说。
{"title":"<i>In Vivo</i> Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Radiosensitizing Effects of Clofarabine.","authors":"Jesús Quezada-Vidal, Virginia Cruz-Vallejo, Rocío Ortiz-Muñiz, Elsa Cervantes-Ríos, Pedro Morales-Ramírez","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13622","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>ClFdA is a second-generation antineoplastic agent that has demonstrated significant anticancer activity, particularly against acute lymphoblastic leukemia and has been shown to have radiosensitizing activity. The aim of the study was to explore the genotoxic, cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of clofarabine (ClFdA) on bone marrow cells (BMCs), normoblasts and leukocytes of mice in vivo.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cytotoxicity was determined by the reduction in reticulocytes (RET), and genotoxicity was determined by the induction of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RET) in the peripheral blood and by DNA break induction in leukocytes determined by single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). The radiosensitizing capacity of ClFdA was determined in leukocytes and BMCs by SCGE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two mechanisms of MN-RET induction were identified according to the antecedents, that could be due to inhibition of DNA synthesis and demethylation of G-C regions, and subsequent chromosome fragility. ClFdA cytotoxicity causes two contiguous peaks, an early peak that seems to inhibit MN-RET induction and a second peak that seems to be caused by ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and/or DNA synthesis inhibitions. ClFdA induced early DNA damage in noncycling leukocytes, and also radiosensitizes leukocytes immediately after treatment. ClFdA-ionizing radiation (IR) causes two time-dependent episodes of DNA damage, the latest after 80 min triggers a major breakage of DNA. In terms of the number of damaged cells, leukocytes and BMCs are similarly sensitive to ionizing radiation; BMCs are slightly more sensitive than leukocytes to ClFdA, but BMCs are doubly sensitive to combined treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ClFdA causes early DNA damage and radiosensitivity in non-proliferating leukocytes, which rules out the most favored hypotheses of the participation of RR and DNA polymerase inhibition.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y I Hsia, Yu Hsin Tsai, Pin-Kuei Fu, Chih Jung Chen
Background/aim: The pathological diagnosis of organizing pneumonia (OP) relies on conventional traditional histopathological analysis, which involves examining stained thin slices of tissue. However, this method often results in suboptimal diagnostic objectivity due to low tissue sampling rates. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of tissue-clearing and infiltration-enhanced 3D spatial imaging techniques for elucidating the tissue architecture of OP.
Materials and methods: H&E staining, 3D imaging technology, and AI-assisted analysis were employed to facilitate the construction of a multidimensional tissue architecture using six OP patient specimens procured from Taichung Veterans General Hospital, enabling a comprehensive morphological assessment.
Results: Specimens underwent H&E staining and exhibited Masson bodies and varying degrees of interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive study of 3D images of the pulmonary histology reconstructed through an in-depth pathology analysis, and uncovered heterogenous distributions of fibrosis and Masson bodies across different depths of the OP specimens.
Conclusion: Integrating 3D imaging for OP with AI-assisted analysis permits a substantially enhanced visualization and delineation of complex histological pulmonary disorders such as OP. The synergistic application of conventional histopathology with novel 3D imaging elucidated the sophisticated spatial configuration of OP, revealing the presence of Masson bodies and interstitial fibrosis. This methodology transcends conventional pathology constraints and paves the way for advanced algorithmic approaches to enhance precision in the detection, classification, and clinical management of lung pathologies.
背景/目的:组织性肺炎(OP)的病理诊断依赖于传统的组织病理学分析,即检查染色后的组织薄片。然而,由于组织取样率低,这种方法往往无法达到最佳诊断客观性。本研究旨在评估组织清除和浸润增强三维空间成像技术在阐明 OP 组织结构方面的功效。材料与方法:采用 H&E 染色、三维成像技术和人工智能辅助分析,利用从台中荣民总医院获取的六份 OP 患者标本构建多维组织结构,从而进行全面的形态学评估:结果:标本经 H&E 染色后显示出马松体和不同程度的间质纤维化。此外,我们还对通过深入病理分析重建的肺组织学三维图像进行了全面研究,发现在 OP 标本的不同深度,纤维化和马松体的分布具有异质性:结论:将 OP 的三维成像与人工智能辅助分析相结合,可大大增强对 OP 等复杂肺组织学疾病的可视化和描述。传统组织病理学与新型三维成像的协同应用阐明了 OP 复杂的空间结构,揭示了马森体和间质纤维化的存在。这种方法超越了传统病理学的限制,为先进的算法方法铺平了道路,从而提高了肺部病变的检测、分类和临床管理的精确性。
{"title":"Application of Innovative 3D Pathological Tactic for Diagnosis of Organizing Pneumonia.","authors":"Y I Hsia, Yu Hsin Tsai, Pin-Kuei Fu, Chih Jung Chen","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13656","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The pathological diagnosis of organizing pneumonia (OP) relies on conventional traditional histopathological analysis, which involves examining stained thin slices of tissue. However, this method often results in suboptimal diagnostic objectivity due to low tissue sampling rates. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of tissue-clearing and infiltration-enhanced 3D spatial imaging techniques for elucidating the tissue architecture of OP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>H&E staining, 3D imaging technology, and AI-assisted analysis were employed to facilitate the construction of a multidimensional tissue architecture using six OP patient specimens procured from Taichung Veterans General Hospital, enabling a comprehensive morphological assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Specimens underwent H&E staining and exhibited Masson bodies and varying degrees of interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive study of 3D images of the pulmonary histology reconstructed through an in-depth pathology analysis, and uncovered heterogenous distributions of fibrosis and Masson bodies across different depths of the OP specimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating 3D imaging for OP with AI-assisted analysis permits a substantially enhanced visualization and delineation of complex histological pulmonary disorders such as OP. The synergistic application of conventional histopathology with novel 3D imaging elucidated the sophisticated spatial configuration of OP, revealing the presence of Masson bodies and interstitial fibrosis. This methodology transcends conventional pathology constraints and paves the way for advanced algorithmic approaches to enhance precision in the detection, classification, and clinical management of lung pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarcopenia is a prevalent and clinically significant condition, particularly among older age groups and those with chronic disease. Patients with cancer frequently suffer from sarcopenia and progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. The complex interplay between cancer and its treatment, including medical therapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, significantly contributes to the onset and worsening of sarcopenia. Cancer induces muscle wasting through inflammatory processes, metabolic alterations, and hormonal imbalance. Moreover, medical and radiation therapies exert direct toxic effects on muscles, contributing to the impairment of physical function. Loss of appetite, malnutrition, and physical inactivity further exacerbate muscle wasting in cancer patients. Imaging techniques are the cornerstones for sarcopenia diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry provide valuable insights into muscle structure and quality. Although each modality has advantages and limitations, magnetic resonance imaging produces high-resolution images and provides dynamic information about muscle function. Despite these challenges, addressing sarcopenia is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving survival rates in patients with cancer. This review explored the factors contributing to sarcopenia in oncologic patients, emphasizing the importance of early detection and comprehensive management strategies.
肌肉疏松症是一种常见的临床症状,尤其是在老年群体和慢性病患者中。癌症患者经常会出现肌肉疏松症,并逐渐丧失肌肉质量、力量和功能。癌症及其治疗(包括药物治疗、放射治疗和手术)之间复杂的相互作用,是导致肌肉疏松症发病和恶化的重要原因。癌症通过炎症过程、新陈代谢改变和荷尔蒙失衡诱发肌肉萎缩。此外,药物和放射治疗会对肌肉产生直接毒性作用,导致身体功能受损。食欲不振、营养不良和缺乏运动会进一步加剧癌症患者的肌肉萎缩。影像技术是诊断肌肉疏松症的基石。磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描和双能 X 射线吸收测量法可提供有关肌肉结构和质量的宝贵信息。虽然每种模式都有其优势和局限性,但磁共振成像可生成高分辨率图像,并提供有关肌肉功能的动态信息。尽管存在这些挑战,但解决肌肉疏松症问题对于优化治疗效果和提高癌症患者的生存率至关重要。本综述探讨了导致肿瘤患者肌肉疏松症的因素,强调了早期检测和综合管理策略的重要性。
{"title":"Unveiling the Intricate Dance: How Cancer Orchestrates Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia.","authors":"Salvatore Lavalle, Maria Rosaria Valerio, Edoardo Masiello, Vittorio Gebbia, Giuseppina Scandurra","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13602","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia is a prevalent and clinically significant condition, particularly among older age groups and those with chronic disease. Patients with cancer frequently suffer from sarcopenia and progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. The complex interplay between cancer and its treatment, including medical therapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, significantly contributes to the onset and worsening of sarcopenia. Cancer induces muscle wasting through inflammatory processes, metabolic alterations, and hormonal imbalance. Moreover, medical and radiation therapies exert direct toxic effects on muscles, contributing to the impairment of physical function. Loss of appetite, malnutrition, and physical inactivity further exacerbate muscle wasting in cancer patients. Imaging techniques are the cornerstones for sarcopenia diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry provide valuable insights into muscle structure and quality. Although each modality has advantages and limitations, magnetic resonance imaging produces high-resolution images and provides dynamic information about muscle function. Despite these challenges, addressing sarcopenia is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving survival rates in patients with cancer. This review explored the factors contributing to sarcopenia in oncologic patients, emphasizing the importance of early detection and comprehensive management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/aim: The number of available treatment options for urothelial carcinoma has increased recently. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is relatively rare compared with bladder cancer. There are few reports on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic UTUC, and ICIs may occasionally show less efficacy and cause severe side effects. Therefore, it is important to predict the treatment response and change the treatment strategy as appropriate. We investigated the prognostic factors for treatment response in patients with metastatic UTUC treated with pembrolizumab at our hospital.
Patients and methods: Patients who received pembrolizumab for UTUC between January 2018 and June 2023 were analyzed. Patients who presented with bladder cancer complications at initial diagnosis were excluded. The primary endpoints assessed were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Statistical analyses were conducted using laboratory values obtained before and after pembrolizumab administration. The relationship between cancer and inflammation is important. Therefore, we analyzed this relationship using prognostic factors for urothelial carcinoma as previously reported. Specifically, pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP) level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and NLR/albumin values were examined.
Results: Forty-seven patients were analyzed. The median PFS was 66 days (24-107 days), and the median OS was 164 days (13-314 days). A CRP level <1 before the first cycle was a useful factor in the multivariate analysis for both OS and PFS [OS: p=0.004, hazard ratio (HR)=3.244, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.464-7.104; PFS: p=0.003, HR=2.998, 95%CI=1.444-6.225].
Conclusion: CRP level is a prognostic factor for pembrolizumab treatment response in patients with UTUC.
{"title":"C-reactive Protein Is a Prognostic Factor for Survival in Metastatic Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Patients Receiving Pembrolizumab.","authors":"Hirotaka Nagasaka, Shotaro Yamamoto, Atsuto Suzuki, Kimitsugu Usui, Hideyuki Terao, Noboru Nakaigawa, Takeshi Kishida","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13634","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The number of available treatment options for urothelial carcinoma has increased recently. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is relatively rare compared with bladder cancer. There are few reports on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic UTUC, and ICIs may occasionally show less efficacy and cause severe side effects. Therefore, it is important to predict the treatment response and change the treatment strategy as appropriate. We investigated the prognostic factors for treatment response in patients with metastatic UTUC treated with pembrolizumab at our hospital.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients who received pembrolizumab for UTUC between January 2018 and June 2023 were analyzed. Patients who presented with bladder cancer complications at initial diagnosis were excluded. The primary endpoints assessed were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Statistical analyses were conducted using laboratory values obtained before and after pembrolizumab administration. The relationship between cancer and inflammation is important. Therefore, we analyzed this relationship using prognostic factors for urothelial carcinoma as previously reported. Specifically, pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP) level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and NLR/albumin values were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven patients were analyzed. The median PFS was 66 days (24-107 days), and the median OS was 164 days (13-314 days). A CRP level <1 before the first cycle was a useful factor in the multivariate analysis for both OS and PFS [OS: p=0.004, hazard ratio (HR)=3.244, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.464-7.104; PFS: p=0.003, HR=2.998, 95%CI=1.444-6.225].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRP level is a prognostic factor for pembrolizumab treatment response in patients with UTUC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgios S Dimtsas, Alexandra Ieronymaki, Klio I Chatzistefanou, Gerasimos Siasos, Augustinos Krassas, Marilita M Moschos
Background/aim: The purpose of the current study was to compare the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) levels in the aqueous humor of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and non-glaucomatous eyes and reveal any potential statistically significant correlations.
Patients and methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Aqueous humor samples (50-100 μl) were collected under aseptic conditions, from the anterior chamber at the start of glaucoma or cataract surgery. The levels of VEGF-A were measured using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay.
Results: Aqueous humor samples were obtained from 76 participants: 39 with POAG and 36 with age-related cataracts as controls. VEGF-A levels were significantly elevated in the POAG group (166.37±110.04 pg/ml, p=0.011) compared to the control group (119.02±49.09 pg/ml). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that VEGF-A had significant prognostic ability for POAG (AUC=0.67; p=0.006). An optimal cut-off for VEGF-A was found to be 148.5 pg/ml with a sensitivity of 54%, specificity of 81.1%, positive prognostic value (PPV) of 75% and negative prognostic value (NPV) of 62.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sex and age, patients with VEGF-A higher than 148.5 pg/ml had almost 10 times greater likelihood for POAG.
Conclusion: VEGF-A is elevated in patients with POAG and can potentially have a prognostic ability for these patients.
{"title":"Elevated VEGF-A Levels in the Aqueous Humor of Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.","authors":"Georgios S Dimtsas, Alexandra Ieronymaki, Klio I Chatzistefanou, Gerasimos Siasos, Augustinos Krassas, Marilita M Moschos","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13642","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The purpose of the current study was to compare the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) levels in the aqueous humor of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and non-glaucomatous eyes and reveal any potential statistically significant correlations.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This was an observational cross-sectional study. Aqueous humor samples (50-100 μl) were collected under aseptic conditions, from the anterior chamber at the start of glaucoma or cataract surgery. The levels of VEGF-A were measured using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aqueous humor samples were obtained from 76 participants: 39 with POAG and 36 with age-related cataracts as controls. VEGF-A levels were significantly elevated in the POAG group (166.37±110.04 pg/ml, p=0.011) compared to the control group (119.02±49.09 pg/ml). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that VEGF-A had significant prognostic ability for POAG (AUC=0.67; p=0.006). An optimal cut-off for VEGF-A was found to be 148.5 pg/ml with a sensitivity of 54%, specificity of 81.1%, positive prognostic value (PPV) of 75% and negative prognostic value (NPV) of 62.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sex and age, patients with VEGF-A higher than 148.5 pg/ml had almost 10 times greater likelihood for POAG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VEGF-A is elevated in patients with POAG and can potentially have a prognostic ability for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/aim: This study investigated the follow-up rate of living kidney donors and explored the factors related to continuous follow-up and remnant renal function, enabling the optimal management of living kidney donors.
Patients and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 180 living kidney donors who underwent donor nephrectomies at our institute. Clinical information was obtained from medical charts, and remnant renal function was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate 12 months after donor nephrectomy.
Results: Overall, 6/180 donors (3.3%) were lost to follow-up within a year, and the follow-up rate gradually declined yearly. Independent risk factors for loss to follow-up included a follow-up period <60 months and graft survival of the recipient (p=0.002 and p=0.043, respectively). Recipient survival was correlated with loss to follow-up; however, this was not significant (p=0.051). Regarding remnant renal function, age ≥60 years, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate <74 ml/min/1.73 m2, and a Δsingle-kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate <9.3 ml/min/1.73m2 were independent risk factors for poorly preserved remnant renal function (p=0.036, p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively). Using propensity score matching to adjust for preoperative factors, a Δsingle-kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate <9.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 was the only significant postoperative factor for poorly preserved remnant renal function (p=0.023).
Conclusion: An increased 5-year follow-up rate could lead to an increase in long-term follow-up, and recipient prognosis may be correlated with the living kidney donor follow-up status. Furthermore, Δsingle-kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate was identified as a factor for establishing the optimal precision follow-up management of living kidney donors.
{"title":"Follow-up After Donor Nephrectomy in Living Kidney Donors: How to Manage Living Kidney Donors Postoperatively.","authors":"Shunta Hori, Mitsuru Tomizawa, Kuniaki Inoue, Tatsuo Yoneda, Tomonori Nakahama, Kenta Onishi, Yosuke Morizawa, Daisuke Gotoh, Yasushi Nakai, Makito Miyake, Kazumasa Torimoto, Nobumichi Tanaka, Kiyohide Fujimoto","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13645","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>This study investigated the follow-up rate of living kidney donors and explored the factors related to continuous follow-up and remnant renal function, enabling the optimal management of living kidney donors.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated 180 living kidney donors who underwent donor nephrectomies at our institute. Clinical information was obtained from medical charts, and remnant renal function was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate 12 months after donor nephrectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 6/180 donors (3.3%) were lost to follow-up within a year, and the follow-up rate gradually declined yearly. Independent risk factors for loss to follow-up included a follow-up period <60 months and graft survival of the recipient (p=0.002 and p=0.043, respectively). Recipient survival was correlated with loss to follow-up; however, this was not significant (p=0.051). Regarding remnant renal function, age ≥60 years, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate <74 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, and a Δsingle-kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate <9.3 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> were independent risk factors for poorly preserved remnant renal function (p=0.036, p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively). Using propensity score matching to adjust for preoperative factors, a Δsingle-kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate <9.3 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> was the only significant postoperative factor for poorly preserved remnant renal function (p=0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An increased 5-year follow-up rate could lead to an increase in long-term follow-up, and recipient prognosis may be correlated with the living kidney donor follow-up status. Furthermore, Δsingle-kidney estimated glomerular filtration rate was identified as a factor for establishing the optimal precision follow-up management of living kidney donors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu-Hsin Tsai, Tai-Cheng Hou, Po-Yu Liu, Chih-Jung Chen, Jiunn-Min Wang
Background/aim: Bloodstream infections in patients with COVID-19 are linked to higher mortality rates, whilst data on epidemiology and resistance patterns remains scarce to guide management and prevent antibiotic resistance. This research focuses on the prevalence, clinical features, causative microorganisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial and fungal secondary bloodstream co-infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Patients and methods: In this retrospective study analysis of 230 patients with COVID-19 from Central Taiwan (June 2021 to June 2022), pathogens were identified via MALDI-TOF MS and Vitek 2 system with Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards.
Results: In the cohort, 17.8% experienced bloodstream infections, resulting in a total of 45 isolates from the 41 bloodstream infection patients: predominantly gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus and Enterococcus) at 69%, gram-negative at 29% (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), and fungi at 2%. Infected patients showed significantly elevated levels of white blood count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). Of note, resistance to common antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and oxacillin was significant, especially in K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter species, and S. aureus infections.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the influence of bacterial infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The bacterial infections were discovered to impact the clinical trajectory of COVID-19, potentially exacerbating or mitigating its symptoms, severity and fatality. These insights are pivotal to addressing clinical challenges in COVID-19 management and underscoring the need for tailored medical interventions. Understanding these co-infections is thus essential for optimizing patient care and improving overall outcomes in the post COVID-19 pandemic era.
{"title":"Bloodstream Coinfections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Single-center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Yu-Hsin Tsai, Tai-Cheng Hou, Po-Yu Liu, Chih-Jung Chen, Jiunn-Min Wang","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13653","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Bloodstream infections in patients with COVID-19 are linked to higher mortality rates, whilst data on epidemiology and resistance patterns remains scarce to guide management and prevent antibiotic resistance. This research focuses on the prevalence, clinical features, causative microorganisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial and fungal secondary bloodstream co-infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study analysis of 230 patients with COVID-19 from Central Taiwan (June 2021 to June 2022), pathogens were identified via MALDI-TOF MS and Vitek 2 system with Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the cohort, 17.8% experienced bloodstream infections, resulting in a total of 45 isolates from the 41 bloodstream infection patients: predominantly gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus and Enterococcus) at 69%, gram-negative at 29% (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), and fungi at 2%. Infected patients showed significantly elevated levels of white blood count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). Of note, resistance to common antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and oxacillin was significant, especially in K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter species, and S. aureus infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study highlights the influence of bacterial infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The bacterial infections were discovered to impact the clinical trajectory of COVID-19, potentially exacerbating or mitigating its symptoms, severity and fatality. These insights are pivotal to addressing clinical challenges in COVID-19 management and underscoring the need for tailored medical interventions. Understanding these co-infections is thus essential for optimizing patient care and improving overall outcomes in the post COVID-19 pandemic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/aim: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy can deliver a highly conformal dose to a target while minimizing the dose to the organs at risk (OARs). Delineating the contours of OARs is time-consuming, and various automatic contouring software programs have been employed to reduce the delineation time. However, some software operations are manual, and further reduction in time is possible. This study aimed to automate running atlas-based auto-segmentation (ABAS) and software operations using a scripting function, thereby reducing work time.
Materials and methods: Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance were used to determine geometric accuracy. The manual delineation, automatic delineation, and modification times were measured. While modifying the contours, the degree of subjective correction was rated on a four-point scale.
Results: The model exhibited generally good geometric accuracy. However, some OARs, such as the chiasm, optic nerve, retina, lens, and brain require improvement. The average contour delineation time was reduced from 57 to 29 min (p<0.05). The subjective revision degree results indicated that all OARs required minor modifications; only the submandibular gland, thyroid, and esophagus were rated as modified from scratch.
Conclusion: The ABAS model and scripted automation in head and neck cancer reduced the work time and software operations. The time can be further reduced by improving contour accuracy.
{"title":"Enhancing the Contouring Efficiency for Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy Using Atlas-based Auto-segmentation and Scripting.","authors":"Yukari Nagayasu, Shingo Ohira, Toshiki Ikawa, Akira Masaoka, Naoyuki Kanayama, Takahisa Nishi, Tanaka Kazunori, Yutaro Yoshino, Masayoshi Miyazaki, Yoshihiro Ueda, Koji Konishi","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13621","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Intensity-modulated radiation therapy can deliver a highly conformal dose to a target while minimizing the dose to the organs at risk (OARs). Delineating the contours of OARs is time-consuming, and various automatic contouring software programs have been employed to reduce the delineation time. However, some software operations are manual, and further reduction in time is possible. This study aimed to automate running atlas-based auto-segmentation (ABAS) and software operations using a scripting function, thereby reducing work time.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance were used to determine geometric accuracy. The manual delineation, automatic delineation, and modification times were measured. While modifying the contours, the degree of subjective correction was rated on a four-point scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model exhibited generally good geometric accuracy. However, some OARs, such as the chiasm, optic nerve, retina, lens, and brain require improvement. The average contour delineation time was reduced from 57 to 29 min (p<0.05). The subjective revision degree results indicated that all OARs required minor modifications; only the submandibular gland, thyroid, and esophagus were rated as modified from scratch.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ABAS model and scripted automation in head and neck cancer reduced the work time and software operations. The time can be further reduced by improving contour accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pietro Pepe, Michele Salemi, Giovanna Marchese, Maria Grazia Salluzzo, Giuseppe Lanza, Simona Marino, Francesca Schillaci, Anna Truda, Ludovica Pepe, Michele Pennisi
Background/aim: Bladder cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor in the urinary tract, classified mainly into muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and non-MIBC (NMIBC). Recent studies highlight the important role of changes in transcriptome activity in carcinogenesis, aiding in the identification of additional differentially regulated candidate genes, improving our understanding of the molecular basis of gene regulation in BC. This study aimed to evaluate the transcriptome of MIBC patients compared with normal subjects.
Materials and methods: mRNA sequencing was conducted using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 Dx system in a case series comprising 11 subjects with MIBC and 19 healthy controls matched for age and sex. For functional analysis, the pathfindR package was utilized to comprehensively identify pathways enriched in omics data within active subnetworks.
Results: Our results demonstrated the presence of differentiated pathways, including spliceosome activity, oxidative phosphorylation, and chemical carcinogenesis due to reactive oxygen species, in MIBC patients compared with controls.
Conclusion: The identification of novel molecular pathways in MIBC patients could prove useful in defining cancer predisposition factors and exploring potential therapeutic options.
{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis in Patients With Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.","authors":"Pietro Pepe, Michele Salemi, Giovanna Marchese, Maria Grazia Salluzzo, Giuseppe Lanza, Simona Marino, Francesca Schillaci, Anna Truda, Ludovica Pepe, Michele Pennisi","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13615","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Bladder cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor in the urinary tract, classified mainly into muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and non-MIBC (NMIBC). Recent studies highlight the important role of changes in transcriptome activity in carcinogenesis, aiding in the identification of additional differentially regulated candidate genes, improving our understanding of the molecular basis of gene regulation in BC. This study aimed to evaluate the transcriptome of MIBC patients compared with normal subjects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>mRNA sequencing was conducted using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 Dx system in a case series comprising 11 subjects with MIBC and 19 healthy controls matched for age and sex. For functional analysis, the pathfindR package was utilized to comprehensively identify pathways enriched in omics data within active subnetworks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrated the presence of differentiated pathways, including spliceosome activity, oxidative phosphorylation, and chemical carcinogenesis due to reactive oxygen species, in MIBC patients compared with controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identification of novel molecular pathways in MIBC patients could prove useful in defining cancer predisposition factors and exploring potential therapeutic options.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcel Ebeling, Andreas Sakkas, Spyridoula Derka, Mario Scheurer, Alexander Schramm, Frank Wilde, Sebastian Pietzka
Background/aim: Angiosarcomas of the face are rare but present significant treatment challenges due to their origin in the supportive tissues of blood or lymphatic vessels. Achieving optimal balance between oncological efficacy and aesthetic outcomes requires a multidisciplinary approach, particularly in cases where radical R0 resection is necessary. Delays often occur, especially during histopathological examinations, which can complicate primary plastic reconstruction before definitive pathological findings.
Case report: To address this issue, we present a case with the use of porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix for temporary soft tissue coverage as a viable option in a case of angiosarcoma of the face. This is particularly useful in situations where frozen sections risk the loss of critical anatomical structures and intraoperative diagnosis is not feasible. This approach allowed for satisfactory wound coverage and granulation during diagnostic phases, paving the way for oncologically manageable situations and functional rehabilitation.
Conclusion: Temporary soft tissue coverage with porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix is a valuable option in tumor surgery of rare and complex situations.
{"title":"Porcine-derived Acellular Dermal Matrix for Temporary Soft Tissue Coverage in Locally Advanced Angiosarcoma of the Face - A Soft Tissue Odyssey?","authors":"Marcel Ebeling, Andreas Sakkas, Spyridoula Derka, Mario Scheurer, Alexander Schramm, Frank Wilde, Sebastian Pietzka","doi":"10.21873/invivo.13646","DOIUrl":"10.21873/invivo.13646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Angiosarcomas of the face are rare but present significant treatment challenges due to their origin in the supportive tissues of blood or lymphatic vessels. Achieving optimal balance between oncological efficacy and aesthetic outcomes requires a multidisciplinary approach, particularly in cases where radical R0 resection is necessary. Delays often occur, especially during histopathological examinations, which can complicate primary plastic reconstruction before definitive pathological findings.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>To address this issue, we present a case with the use of porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix for temporary soft tissue coverage as a viable option in a case of angiosarcoma of the face. This is particularly useful in situations where frozen sections risk the loss of critical anatomical structures and intraoperative diagnosis is not feasible. This approach allowed for satisfactory wound coverage and granulation during diagnostic phases, paving the way for oncologically manageable situations and functional rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Temporary soft tissue coverage with porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix is a valuable option in tumor surgery of rare and complex situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13364,"journal":{"name":"In vivo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}