Zihniye Okray, Sultan Okumuşoğlu, C. Direktör, Anjelika Huseyinzade Şimşek
This study investigates the cross-cultural differences between emotional expressivity, beliefs about emotions, and depression levels among university students from different continents, namely, Africa and Asia. Participants (n=114; n=88, Africa and n=26, Asia) were English speaking students of European University of Lefke studying at different faculties (Social Sciences, Engineering, Health, and Agriculture). They completed Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES), Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ), and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R). Findings suggested that Asian students’ CESD-R sadness and suicidal ideation subscale scores, as well as BEQ positive expressivity scores, have been found higher than the scores of African students. Female students differed with significantly higher scores than males of CESD-R guilt subscale and BEQ impulse strength subscale score. Further, a significant difference between CESD-R scores according to class was obtained as well, junior students had higher scores than senior students. CESD-R total scores indicate that Health Faculty students’ scores are higher than the scores of Engineering Faculty students. As a result, Asian students found to be more prone to sadness than African students.
{"title":"Cross-Cultural Examination of Emotional Expressivity, Beliefs About Emotions, and Depression of University Students","authors":"Zihniye Okray, Sultan Okumuşoğlu, C. Direktör, Anjelika Huseyinzade Şimşek","doi":"10.33722/AFES.471071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33722/AFES.471071","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the cross-cultural differences between emotional expressivity, beliefs about emotions, and depression levels among university students from different continents, namely, Africa and Asia. Participants (n=114; n=88, Africa and n=26, Asia) were English speaking students of European University of Lefke studying at different faculties (Social Sciences, Engineering, Health, and Agriculture). They completed Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES), Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ), and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R). Findings suggested that Asian students’ CESD-R sadness and suicidal ideation subscale scores, as well as BEQ positive expressivity scores, have been found higher than the scores of African students. Female students differed with significantly higher scores than males of CESD-R guilt subscale and BEQ impulse strength subscale score. Further, a significant difference between CESD-R scores according to class was obtained as well, junior students had higher scores than senior students. CESD-R total scores indicate that Health Faculty students’ scores are higher than the scores of Engineering Faculty students. As a result, Asian students found to be more prone to sadness than African students.","PeriodicalId":134158,"journal":{"name":"Afro Eurasian Studies","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131559355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prophet Muhammad’s relations with the Jews began with Muslims’ migration to Medina (Hijra). The Prophet firstly signed the Constitution of Medina with all parties to establish social peace and the basis for living together. After the provision of social peace, the Prophet made many arrangements and activities to balance the economic conditions favoring the Jews against the Muslims and other Arab tribes. The social economy, which has been reshaped and balanced in line with the Prophet’s encouragement and recommendations, has been brought into an international nature with the inclusion of the other elements of the society in economic and commercial activities from being a closed Jewish monopoly. The economic and trade relations of the Prophet with the Jews have occurred in two ways, both individual and social. In the individual sense, he has directly engaged in trading and two-way loaning activities personally; in the social sense, he has made commercial, and agricultural arrangements with the Jews on behalf of the Muslims and the community. In this study, the economic and commercial relations that the Prophet had carried out with the Jews, especially during the Medina period, and the principles he introduced will be examined.
{"title":"Economic and Commercial Relations of the Prophet Muhammad with the Jews","authors":"Mustafa Yiǧitoǧlu, Mustafa Göregen","doi":"10.33722/AFES.475785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33722/AFES.475785","url":null,"abstract":"Prophet Muhammad’s relations with the Jews began with Muslims’ migration to Medina (Hijra). The Prophet firstly signed the Constitution of Medina with all parties to establish social peace and the basis for living together. After the provision of social peace, the Prophet made many arrangements and activities to balance the economic conditions favoring the Jews against the Muslims and other Arab tribes. The social economy, which has been reshaped and balanced in line with the Prophet’s encouragement and recommendations, has been brought into an international nature with the inclusion of the other elements of the society in economic and commercial activities from being a closed Jewish monopoly. The economic and trade relations of the Prophet with the Jews have occurred in two ways, both individual and social. In the individual sense, he has directly engaged in trading and two-way loaning activities personally; in the social sense, he has made commercial, and agricultural arrangements with the Jews on behalf of the Muslims and the community. In this study, the economic and commercial relations that the Prophet had carried out with the Jews, especially during the Medina period, and the principles he introduced will be examined.","PeriodicalId":134158,"journal":{"name":"Afro Eurasian Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130456373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beginning of economics as a modern discipline corresponds to the period of the industrial revolution in the late 18 th century. This Western originated discipline or the capitalist economic ideology has since impacted the world and become the global system in the 20 th century. On the other hand, reactions against modern economic thought have emerged both within the capitalist paradigm and from outsiders as a holistic rejection to it. It is observed that today, the ideas put forward on the criticism of modern economic discipline and the written works are at the center of attention. In this context, the term “Islamic Economics” has begun to be put forward in a wide range as an alternative system with its scientific foundations. In this paper, as a literature review of the Islamic economics and finance studies in Turkey, the causes and the process of emergence of Islamic economics, the approaches towards it, and conceptual discussions of Islamic economics were discussed. In addition, people, foundations, associations, and universities in Turkey studying about Islamic economics and finance, as well as works, seminars, and conferences in this field were examined. This article is intended to put forward the course of works in Turkey towards Islamic economics and finance, which has increasing importance from the mid-twentieth century to the present day. In this context, the studies in the literature were examined, the source screening method was used, the inventory of the studies was established, and an evaluation is made. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that Islamic economics is open to development, development potential is high, and the interest in the subject is in an increasing trend.
{"title":"Inventory of the Islamic Economics and Finance Studies Carried Out in Turkey and Its Evaluation","authors":"Abdülkadir Atar, Rıdvan Ok","doi":"10.33722/AFES.475879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33722/AFES.475879","url":null,"abstract":"The beginning of economics as a modern discipline corresponds to the period of the industrial revolution in the late 18 th century. This Western originated discipline or the capitalist economic ideology has since impacted the world and become the global system in the 20 th century. On the other hand, reactions against modern economic thought have emerged both within the capitalist paradigm and from outsiders as a holistic rejection to it. It is observed that today, the ideas put forward on the criticism of modern economic discipline and the written works are at the center of attention. In this context, the term “Islamic Economics” has begun to be put forward in a wide range as an alternative system with its scientific foundations. In this paper, as a literature review of the Islamic economics and finance studies in Turkey, the causes and the process of emergence of Islamic economics, the approaches towards it, and conceptual discussions of Islamic economics were discussed. In addition, people, foundations, associations, and universities in Turkey studying about Islamic economics and finance, as well as works, seminars, and conferences in this field were examined. This article is intended to put forward the course of works in Turkey towards Islamic economics and finance, which has increasing importance from the mid-twentieth century to the present day. In this context, the studies in the literature were examined, the source screening method was used, the inventory of the studies was established, and an evaluation is made. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that Islamic economics is open to development, development potential is high, and the interest in the subject is in an increasing trend.","PeriodicalId":134158,"journal":{"name":"Afro Eurasian Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130401907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turkey started to be a member of international economic organizations by participating the IMF and the World Bank in 1947. Then, it continued this process with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Customs Union (CU), the D-8 and the G20. In the changing world, the foreign trade held by multinational corporations has given its place to the foreign trade held by multinational economic organizations. Turkey has started to behave as a world country “first world country” with an increasing number of memberships to economic organizations, the increased foreign trade opportunities and volumes. The OECD has occupied the second place in the Turkish foreign trade. In this research, we examined the performance of the Turkish foreign trade with the OECD by analyzing the total exports and the export growth rate of the trade between Turkey and the OECD. Then, the total imports and the import growth rate were taken into account. Finally, the research was completed with the analysis of the rate of exports meeting imports
{"title":"The Impact of The OECD On the Turkish Foreign Trade","authors":"Hayrettin Kesgingöz","doi":"10.33722/AFES.481811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33722/AFES.481811","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey started to be a member of international economic organizations by participating the IMF and the World Bank in 1947. Then, it continued this process with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Customs Union (CU), the D-8 and the G20. In the changing world, the foreign trade held by multinational corporations has given its place to the foreign trade held by multinational economic organizations. Turkey has started to behave as a world country “first world country” with an increasing number of memberships to economic organizations, the increased foreign trade opportunities and volumes. The OECD has occupied the second place in the Turkish foreign trade. In this research, we examined the performance of the Turkish foreign trade with the OECD by analyzing the total exports and the export growth rate of the trade between Turkey and the OECD. Then, the total imports and the import growth rate were taken into account. Finally, the research was completed with the analysis of the rate of exports meeting imports","PeriodicalId":134158,"journal":{"name":"Afro Eurasian Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125054509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The local community in the process of association sees the municipalities as leader, strategist, mentor, coordinator, sponsor, and the closest stakeholder institutions to themselves. However, municipalities do not engage enough in organizations that have tourism purposes. Hence, the main purpose of the research is to determine the main reasons for the lack of municipalities’ interest in tourism. To that end, the interview method was used in the collection of data in this research as a qualitative study. Between the regions that are in priority for tourism development, research sample has formed by 11 county municipalities in the province of Tokat, Turkey. Research findings are limited to the opinions of mayors. The results have shown that the studies of rural county authorities towards the development of tourism are formed due to the individual, short-term, and quick income expectations as well as political concerns for the future. Municipalities want tourism development just for their own areas and stay away from cooperation and partnerships for the creation of a regional tourism destination. Local community stakeholders are slightly included in tourism activities. Inadequacies of financial resources have been shown as a main obstructive reason in participation in tourism activities
{"title":"A Research on the Role of Municipalities in Tourism Development of Rural Areas: The Case of Turkey","authors":"Yüksel Öztürk, Nurettin Ayaz, Rana Allahyari Sani","doi":"10.33722/AFES.477147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33722/AFES.477147","url":null,"abstract":"The local community in the process of association sees the municipalities as leader, strategist, mentor, coordinator, sponsor, and the closest stakeholder institutions to themselves. However, municipalities do not engage enough in organizations that have tourism purposes. Hence, the main purpose of the research is to determine the main reasons for the lack of municipalities’ interest in tourism. To that end, the interview method was used in the collection of data in this research as a qualitative study. Between the regions that are in priority for tourism development, research sample has formed by 11 county municipalities in the province of Tokat, Turkey. Research findings are limited to the opinions of mayors. The results have shown that the studies of rural county authorities towards the development of tourism are formed due to the individual, short-term, and quick income expectations as well as political concerns for the future. Municipalities want tourism development just for their own areas and stay away from cooperation and partnerships for the creation of a regional tourism destination. Local community stakeholders are slightly included in tourism activities. Inadequacies of financial resources have been shown as a main obstructive reason in participation in tourism activities","PeriodicalId":134158,"journal":{"name":"Afro Eurasian Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116844063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alms/zakat is the financial worship of where it can be given fixed by the verses [of Qur’an]. The need of the poor, needy, stranded, mujahid, debtor who cannot pay their debt, and the alms officer are fulfilled from this item. Among those who cannot be given alms include the relatives of the Prophet. They cannot receive alms even if they cannot meet their basic needs. For them, allowances are allocated from the [war] booty and prize items of state income. In this article, which relatives of the Prophet are prohibited to take alms, the reasons behind it, and the justifications in the fiqh (Islamic law) books for that are going to be identified. The religious and legal grounds explained by the Fukaha (Islamic jurists) that Prophet accepted alms goods as “dirty” to those outside the allowed list will be determined and an attempt to make a new explanation will be made.
{"title":"Legal-Economic Analysis of the Inability to Give Alms to the Family of Muhammad Because of Being the Relatives of the President","authors":"Recep Özdirek","doi":"10.33722/AFES.472125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33722/AFES.472125","url":null,"abstract":"Alms/zakat is the financial worship of where it can be given fixed by the verses [of Qur’an]. The need of the poor, needy, stranded, mujahid, debtor who cannot pay their debt, and the alms officer are fulfilled from this item. Among those who cannot be given alms include the relatives of the Prophet. They cannot receive alms even if they cannot meet their basic needs. For them, allowances are allocated from the [war] booty and prize items of state income. In this article, which relatives of the Prophet are prohibited to take alms, the reasons behind it, and the justifications in the fiqh (Islamic law) books for that are going to be identified. The religious and legal grounds explained by the Fukaha (Islamic jurists) that Prophet accepted alms goods as “dirty” to those outside the allowed list will be determined and an attempt to make a new explanation will be made.","PeriodicalId":134158,"journal":{"name":"Afro Eurasian Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129754655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology transfer is an important way for enterprises to gain competitive advantage. For the customer satisfaction and profitability, the process after the decision is as important as the transfer itself. In technology transfer, which brings significant costs and risks for enterprises, these processes must be carried out in an adaptive manner and an appropriate strategy should be developed. Sustainable company strategies should be determined in terms of sustainability, profitability, adaptation to developing technology, and technology to be transferred to maintain competitiveness with regards to strategic management. Developed strategies to be open to change and improvement and assigning them to the enterprise and its environment are important for sustainability. In this study, the approach of adaptation to technology transfer strategy is discussed with the content analysis method and the theoretical and strategic approaches related to the research subject are examined. The basic information and suggestions for developing adaptive strategies on the basis of production strategies in technology transfer have been introduced. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature about the importance of adaptation in the transfer process, strategy formation, and in-house information flow in technology transfer. The fact that the adaptation issue is not included in the technology transfer strategy literature reveals the importance of the study.
{"title":"Adaptation Approach to Technology Transfer Strategy","authors":"F. Özsungur","doi":"10.33722/AFES.471087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33722/AFES.471087","url":null,"abstract":"Technology transfer is an important way for enterprises to gain competitive advantage. For the customer satisfaction and profitability, the process after the decision is as important as the transfer itself. In technology transfer, which brings significant costs and risks for enterprises, these processes must be carried out in an adaptive manner and an appropriate strategy should be developed. Sustainable company strategies should be determined in terms of sustainability, profitability, adaptation to developing technology, and technology to be transferred to maintain competitiveness with regards to strategic management. Developed strategies to be open to change and improvement and assigning them to the enterprise and its environment are important for sustainability. In this study, the approach of adaptation to technology transfer strategy is discussed with the content analysis method and the theoretical and strategic approaches related to the research subject are examined. The basic information and suggestions for developing adaptive strategies on the basis of production strategies in technology transfer have been introduced. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature about the importance of adaptation in the transfer process, strategy formation, and in-house information flow in technology transfer. The fact that the adaptation issue is not included in the technology transfer strategy literature reveals the importance of the study.","PeriodicalId":134158,"journal":{"name":"Afro Eurasian Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124092739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serkan Dilek, Hayrettin Kesgingöz, A. Konak, Suha Halicioğlu
It is generally accepted that economic literacy facilitates rational decision making and provides more accurate economic decisions. In this case, improving literacy in the economy will lead to an increase in economic efficiency and the welfare of both individuals and society. The aim of the economy is, in fact, to maximize the welfare of society and to provide economic efficiency. Therefore, it is possible to achieve economic objectives by increasing economic literacy. The objective of this search is to reveal the factors affecting economic literacy, and thus, investigate the ways of increasing economic efficiency. To reach this aim, a questionnaire was conducted to 481 people in Kastamonu and Tosya, Turkey. According to the results of the questionnaire, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between economic education and the interest in economics with economic literacy. However, we did not find any significant correlation between the belief in the usefulness of economic knowledge and economic literacy. Surprisingly, a statistically significant correlation between economic literacy and economic wealth could not be found.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Economic Literacy","authors":"Serkan Dilek, Hayrettin Kesgingöz, A. Konak, Suha Halicioğlu","doi":"10.33722/AFES.475575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33722/AFES.475575","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally accepted that economic literacy facilitates rational decision making and provides more accurate economic decisions. In this case, improving literacy in the economy will lead to an increase in economic efficiency and the welfare of both individuals and society. The aim of the economy is, in fact, to maximize the welfare of society and to provide economic efficiency. Therefore, it is possible to achieve economic objectives by increasing economic literacy. The objective of this search is to reveal the factors affecting economic literacy, and thus, investigate the ways of increasing economic efficiency. To reach this aim, a questionnaire was conducted to 481 people in Kastamonu and Tosya, Turkey. According to the results of the questionnaire, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between economic education and the interest in economics with economic literacy. However, we did not find any significant correlation between the belief in the usefulness of economic knowledge and economic literacy. Surprisingly, a statistically significant correlation between economic literacy and economic wealth could not be found.","PeriodicalId":134158,"journal":{"name":"Afro Eurasian Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128942876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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