Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v3i1.33632
Yedi Herdiana, Nasrul Wathoni, Sriwidodo Sriwidodo, I. K. M. Adnyane
Herbal medicine is increasingly being used in human and veterinary medicine to reduce and prevent minor ailments and support conventional treatment using allopathic medicine. The medicinal properties of the plants used in phytotherapy are due to the large number of active compounds found in the plant kingdom. The active compounds extracted from the plant is often equivalent to a synthetic drug according to its therapeutic efficacy; thus, they are used in veterinary medicine, primarily as antibacterial, antimycotic, antiparasitic, disinfect, and immunostimulant.pharmaceutical quality, ensuring safety, specific standards of purity, and consistency. These standards apply throughout the production and formulation process. This review describes the development of herbs that can be used as veterinary drugs with the possibility of dosage form technology. Veterinary dosage forms show great promise for the future of the herbal veterinary delivery system.Keywords: Veterinary drug, herbal medicine, dosage form, drug delivery.
{"title":"Veterinary Drug Development from Indonesian Herbal Origin: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Yedi Herdiana, Nasrul Wathoni, Sriwidodo Sriwidodo, I. K. M. Adnyane","doi":"10.24198/idjp.v3i1.33632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v3i1.33632","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicine is increasingly being used in human and veterinary medicine to reduce and prevent minor ailments and support conventional treatment using allopathic medicine. The medicinal properties of the plants used in phytotherapy are due to the large number of active compounds found in the plant kingdom. The active compounds extracted from the plant is often equivalent to a synthetic drug according to its therapeutic efficacy; thus, they are used in veterinary medicine, primarily as antibacterial, antimycotic, antiparasitic, disinfect, and immunostimulant.pharmaceutical quality, ensuring safety, specific standards of purity, and consistency. These standards apply throughout the production and formulation process. This review describes the development of herbs that can be used as veterinary drugs with the possibility of dosage form technology. Veterinary dosage forms show great promise for the future of the herbal veterinary delivery system.Keywords: Veterinary drug, herbal medicine, dosage form, drug delivery. ","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87282456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v3i1.34038
I. Sopyan, Rizka Guntina Khairunisa
SeDem System is a new system that can be applied in solid dosage form preformulation studies of medicines. It have parameters to evaluates critical quality attributes of materials that have an impact on final drug product’s quality. SeDeM studies could be used as a method for identifying the best excipient and calculating the maximum amount of excipient required for formulation. SeDeM method can , providing formulation with the lowest amount of excipients as it combines the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) with only one excipient and the standard formula of lubricants, thus avoiding the used of unnecessary excipients, such as diluents, binders and agglutinants. The information given by the SeDeM system contributes to a quality by drug design development.Keywords: SeDeM System, Excipients
{"title":"Mini Review : Sedem System as a Tool to Characterize Excipients in Solid Dosage Form","authors":"I. Sopyan, Rizka Guntina Khairunisa","doi":"10.24198/idjp.v3i1.34038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v3i1.34038","url":null,"abstract":"SeDem System is a new system that can be applied in solid dosage form preformulation studies of medicines. It have parameters to evaluates critical quality attributes of materials that have an impact on final drug product’s quality. SeDeM studies could be used as a method for identifying the best excipient and calculating the maximum amount of excipient required for formulation. SeDeM method can , providing formulation with the lowest amount of excipients as it combines the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) with only one excipient and the standard formula of lubricants, thus avoiding the used of unnecessary excipients, such as diluents, binders and agglutinants. The information given by the SeDeM system contributes to a quality by drug design development.Keywords: SeDeM System, Excipients","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90629388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v3i1.33383
Luthfia Azzahra, N. M. Saptarini
The pharmaceutical industry produces a various toxic wastes. Generated waste increases the risk of environmental and ecosystem pollution. It is necessary to have proper waste management to prevent waste pollution to the environment. In 1999, WHO published “Guidelines for the Safe Disposal of Unwanted Pharmaceuticals in and after Emergencies”, that contain treatments and safe disposal method, which is appropriate for any country. Many countries had developed and published regulations and guidelines on waste management. This article aimed to review the handling of pharmaceutical industrial waste in five countries in Asia. This review included studies from ProQuest, Crossref, and Google Scholar. The pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia, India, Japan, Thailand, and China has their own state regulations in order to protect the environment. They also had implemented pharmaceutical industrial waste management following their regulation and guidelines. The method used to treat the waste is similar with WHO guideline. Some factors affecting the country regulations are the insufficient of land and waste management facilities, lack of awareness, low penalties, limited infrastructures, lack of waste testing facilities. The challenge in the future to handle pharmaceutical waste are increasing waste volume, decreasing land for waste management, sewer methods may contaminate water, possible air pollution due to incineration, so it is necessary to have more advanced methods in waste management that are safe for the environment and humans.Keywordz: Industry, Pharmaceutical, Waste Regulation, Asia
{"title":"Pharmaceutical Industrial Waste Regulation in Five Countries in Asia","authors":"Luthfia Azzahra, N. M. Saptarini","doi":"10.24198/idjp.v3i1.33383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v3i1.33383","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmaceutical industry produces a various toxic wastes. Generated waste increases the risk of environmental and ecosystem pollution. It is necessary to have proper waste management to prevent waste pollution to the environment. In 1999, WHO published “Guidelines for the Safe Disposal of Unwanted Pharmaceuticals in and after Emergencies”, that contain treatments and safe disposal method, which is appropriate for any country. Many countries had developed and published regulations and guidelines on waste management. This article aimed to review the handling of pharmaceutical industrial waste in five countries in Asia. This review included studies from ProQuest, Crossref, and Google Scholar. The pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia, India, Japan, Thailand, and China has their own state regulations in order to protect the environment. They also had implemented pharmaceutical industrial waste management following their regulation and guidelines. The method used to treat the waste is similar with WHO guideline. Some factors affecting the country regulations are the insufficient of land and waste management facilities, lack of awareness, low penalties, limited infrastructures, lack of waste testing facilities. The challenge in the future to handle pharmaceutical waste are increasing waste volume, decreasing land for waste management, sewer methods may contaminate water, possible air pollution due to incineration, so it is necessary to have more advanced methods in waste management that are safe for the environment and humans.Keywordz: Industry, Pharmaceutical, Waste Regulation, Asia","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78420960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.24198/IDJP.V2I3.29154
Luthfia Azzahra, S. R. Mita, Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
Herbal compounds have different physicochemical properties. Its use on the oral route often has low biological availability. Therefore, alternative transdermal routes are used through the skin. The stratum corneum skin layer is the most difficult layer to penetrate. Therefore it is necessary to use a drug delivery system such as ethosome, transfersome or transethosome to increase transdermal drug delivery. This review article aims to look at the potential of ethosome, transfersome, and transethosome in increasing their ability to deliver herbal drugs in terms of their formulation and characterization. Literature searches were performed using online search engines namely NCBI and Google Scholar with the keywords ‘Transdermal Drug Delivery System’, 'Ethosome', 'Transfersome', and 'Transethosome'. The result showed compositions of ethosomes are phospholipids, water, and ethanol. The composition of transfersome is phospholipid, water, and edge activator. Transethosomes are a combination of phospholipids, water, ethanol, and edge activators. The role of ethanol and edge activator is thought to increase skin permeation. Transdermal drug delivery systems can be used on herbal drugs to increase transdermal drug delivery.Keywords: Transdermal, Ethosome, Transfersome, Transethosome, Herbal.
{"title":"Formulation, Characterization, and Herbal Drug Delivery Applications of Ethosome, Transfersome, and Transethosome","authors":"Luthfia Azzahra, S. R. Mita, Sriwidodo Sriwidodo","doi":"10.24198/IDJP.V2I3.29154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/IDJP.V2I3.29154","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal compounds have different physicochemical properties. Its use on the oral route often has low biological availability. Therefore, alternative transdermal routes are used through the skin. The stratum corneum skin layer is the most difficult layer to penetrate. Therefore it is necessary to use a drug delivery system such as ethosome, transfersome or transethosome to increase transdermal drug delivery. This review article aims to look at the potential of ethosome, transfersome, and transethosome in increasing their ability to deliver herbal drugs in terms of their formulation and characterization. Literature searches were performed using online search engines namely NCBI and Google Scholar with the keywords ‘Transdermal Drug Delivery System’, 'Ethosome', 'Transfersome', and 'Transethosome'. The result showed compositions of ethosomes are phospholipids, water, and ethanol. The composition of transfersome is phospholipid, water, and edge activator. Transethosomes are a combination of phospholipids, water, ethanol, and edge activators. The role of ethanol and edge activator is thought to increase skin permeation. Transdermal drug delivery systems can be used on herbal drugs to increase transdermal drug delivery.Keywords: Transdermal, Ethosome, Transfersome, Transethosome, Herbal.","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82328868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v2i2.27289
A. Soyata, Aliya Nur Hasanah, T. Rusdiana
Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that has been widely used and has strong efficacy, but the use of warfarin is still a concern because of its narrow therapeutic index which cause interactions when co-administration with drugs, herbs or food. This interaction can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin and the most fatal effect from warfarin interactions is bleeding. In this review article data on warfarin-herbs interactions were collected based on pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-∞, Cmax, T1/2, Cl/F, and V/F), while pharmacodynamic parameters (International normalized ratio (INR), platelet aggregation, AUC INR and Protombine Time). As a result some herbs had significant interactions with warfarin. Herbs that affect warfarin pharmacokinetic were Danshen gegen, echinacea, St. John's wort and caffeine and herbs that affect pharmacodynamic were policosanol, Ginkgo biloba, cranberry, St. John's wort, ginseng, pomegranate, Psidium guajava and curcumin, so co-administration warfarin with herbs need to be considered.Keywords: Warfarin, Interactions, Herbs, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics
{"title":"Interaction of Warfarin with Herbs Based on Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Parameters","authors":"A. Soyata, Aliya Nur Hasanah, T. Rusdiana","doi":"10.24198/idjp.v2i2.27289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v2i2.27289","url":null,"abstract":"Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that has been widely used and has strong efficacy, but the use of warfarin is still a concern because of its narrow therapeutic index which cause interactions when co-administration with drugs, herbs or food. This interaction can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin and the most fatal effect from warfarin interactions is bleeding. In this review article data on warfarin-herbs interactions were collected based on pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-∞, Cmax, T1/2, Cl/F, and V/F), while pharmacodynamic parameters (International normalized ratio (INR), platelet aggregation, AUC INR and Protombine Time). As a result some herbs had significant interactions with warfarin. Herbs that affect warfarin pharmacokinetic were Danshen gegen, echinacea, St. John's wort and caffeine and herbs that affect pharmacodynamic were policosanol, Ginkgo biloba, cranberry, St. John's wort, ginseng, pomegranate, Psidium guajava and curcumin, so co-administration warfarin with herbs need to be considered.Keywords: Warfarin, Interactions, Herbs, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87622416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-26DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v2i1.23957
Fikri Alatas, Hestiary Ratih, Hesti Kurnia, S. N. Soewandhi
Clozapine (CLO) is an effective atypical antipsychotic to control the symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia. Clozapine has low solubility and high permeability, so it is classified as a class II in the biopharmaceutical classification system. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of clozapine by clozapine-isonicotinamide (CLO-INA) co-crystal formation. CLO-INA co-crystal was prepared by solvent-drop grinding (SDG) method using water as a solvent. Characterization of SDG result was conducted by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Solubility test was performed in water at room temperature. The dissolution test was performed in 900 mL of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution, 50 rotation per minute of paddle rotation, and at 37±0.5 °C. The PXRD pattern of SDG result of CLO-INA has many different peaks from its parent components, and this may indicate the co-crystal formation. The solubility of the co-crystal clozapine was fifteen folds higher than pure clozapine. The dissolution rate of CLO-INA co-crystal increased in the first 10 minutes compared to pure clozapine. Percentage of clozapine dissolved after 10 minutes from CLO-INA co-crystal and pure CLO were 10.2 and 2.4%, respectively. CLO and INA can form co-crystal by SDG method that can improve the solubility and dissolution rate of clozapine.Keywords: Clozapine, Isonicotinamide, Co-crystal, Solubility, Dissolution
{"title":"Solubility Enhancement of Clozapine Through Co-Crystal Formation with Isonicotinamide","authors":"Fikri Alatas, Hestiary Ratih, Hesti Kurnia, S. N. Soewandhi","doi":"10.24198/idjp.v2i1.23957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v2i1.23957","url":null,"abstract":"Clozapine (CLO) is an effective atypical antipsychotic to control the symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia. Clozapine has low solubility and high permeability, so it is classified as a class II in the biopharmaceutical classification system. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of clozapine by clozapine-isonicotinamide (CLO-INA) co-crystal formation. CLO-INA co-crystal was prepared by solvent-drop grinding (SDG) method using water as a solvent. Characterization of SDG result was conducted by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Solubility test was performed in water at room temperature. The dissolution test was performed in 900 mL of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution, 50 rotation per minute of paddle rotation, and at 37±0.5 °C. The PXRD pattern of SDG result of CLO-INA has many different peaks from its parent components, and this may indicate the co-crystal formation. The solubility of the co-crystal clozapine was fifteen folds higher than pure clozapine. The dissolution rate of CLO-INA co-crystal increased in the first 10 minutes compared to pure clozapine. Percentage of clozapine dissolved after 10 minutes from CLO-INA co-crystal and pure CLO were 10.2 and 2.4%, respectively. CLO and INA can form co-crystal by SDG method that can improve the solubility and dissolution rate of clozapine.Keywords: Clozapine, Isonicotinamide, Co-crystal, Solubility, Dissolution","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86921482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23491
N. Belali, A. Chaerunisaa
Microencapsulation is an extensively used technology of present era, that has been applied to various fields like pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, cosmetics and food technology. With the help of which liquid or solid material can be encapsulated inside a polymeric coating film for various reasons such as taste masking, control release and enhancing stability and etc. Microencapsulation can be achieved with different approaches and methods but one of the popular and frequently used feasible method is Solvent evaporation. Solvent evaporation is based on emulsification, solvent evaporation and extraction of microspheres, recently many variations have been made in this technology to improve the yield and properties of microspheres. Solvent evaporation has been widely used in microencapsulating for different purposes one of which is taste masking of bitter drugs in fast disintegrating oral tablets, for pediatric and geriatric use. FDTs are center of attraction due to their merits and feasibility of use for people with problem of dysphagia at the same time, it can also improve bioavailability and time of action of drugs. The main focus of current review is use of solvent evaporation technique for taste masking of bitter drugs in production of fast disintegrating oral tablets. In this review, we will summarize uses, novelties and variations in Solvent Evaporation technique, preparation technique, materials used, merits and demerits of this method over other microencapsulation method in taste masking.Keywords: Microencapsulation, Solvent Evaporation, FDTs, extraction, microspheres
{"title":"Solvent Evaporation as an Efficient Microencapsulating Technique for Taste Masking in Fast Disintegrating Oral Tablets","authors":"N. Belali, A. Chaerunisaa","doi":"10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23491","url":null,"abstract":"Microencapsulation is an extensively used technology of present era, that has been applied to various fields like pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, cosmetics and food technology. With the help of which liquid or solid material can be encapsulated inside a polymeric coating film for various reasons such as taste masking, control release and enhancing stability and etc. Microencapsulation can be achieved with different approaches and methods but one of the popular and frequently used feasible method is Solvent evaporation. Solvent evaporation is based on emulsification, solvent evaporation and extraction of microspheres, recently many variations have been made in this technology to improve the yield and properties of microspheres. Solvent evaporation has been widely used in microencapsulating for different purposes one of which is taste masking of bitter drugs in fast disintegrating oral tablets, for pediatric and geriatric use. FDTs are center of attraction due to their merits and feasibility of use for people with problem of dysphagia at the same time, it can also improve bioavailability and time of action of drugs. The main focus of current review is use of solvent evaporation technique for taste masking of bitter drugs in production of fast disintegrating oral tablets. In this review, we will summarize uses, novelties and variations in Solvent Evaporation technique, preparation technique, materials used, merits and demerits of this method over other microencapsulation method in taste masking.Keywords: Microencapsulation, Solvent Evaporation, FDTs, extraction, microspheres","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89311533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23715
P. Husni, A. Amalia, S. R. Mita, N. Putriana
Permethrin Cream 5%, a topical scabicidal agent, is usually used for the treatment of infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies). Nowadays, neem oil, a vegetable oil pressed from the fruits and seeds of the neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss), is reported having an antiscabies effect. The aim of the study was to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of cream containing neem oil 5%. Methods of the study were characterization of physicochemical properties of neem oil, preparation and physical stability study at room temperature (25 oC) and 40 oC for three months storage of the neem oil 5% cream. Physical evaluation involved organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, tipe of cream and viscosity. The study results showed that all of the physicochemical properties of neem oil met the requirement. The cream were white to yellowish white, characteristic neem oil odor, homogenous cream, pH ± 8, viscosity approximately 2000-8000 cps and o/w cream. Three months storage of the cream showed that the formula resulted a stable cream physically.Keywords: neem oil, permethrin, scabies, Azadirachta indica A.Juss
5%氯菊酯乳膏是一种局部杀疥疮剂，通常用于治疗疥疮感染。如今，印楝油，一种从印楝(Azadirachta indica a . juss)的果实和种子中压榨出来的植物油，据报道有抗疥疮的效果。本研究的目的是研制并评价含5%印楝油乳膏的物理性能。研究方法为表征印楝油的理化性质，研究室温(25℃)和40℃下5%印楝油乳膏的制备及物理稳定性。物理评价包括感官、均匀性、pH值、奶油类型和粘度。研究结果表明，印楝油的各项理化性质均满足要求。乳膏为白色至黄白色，具有典型的印楝油气味，乳膏均质，pH±8，粘度约为2000- 8000cps，乳膏为0 /w。3个月的储存表明，该配方产生了一种物理稳定的面霜。关键词:印楝油，氯菊酯，疥疮，印楝
{"title":"Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Cream Containing Neem Oil 5%","authors":"P. Husni, A. Amalia, S. R. Mita, N. Putriana","doi":"10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23715","url":null,"abstract":"Permethrin Cream 5%, a topical scabicidal agent, is usually used for the treatment of infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies). Nowadays, neem oil, a vegetable oil pressed from the fruits and seeds of the neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss), is reported having an antiscabies effect. The aim of the study was to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of cream containing neem oil 5%. Methods of the study were characterization of physicochemical properties of neem oil, preparation and physical stability study at room temperature (25 oC) and 40 oC for three months storage of the neem oil 5% cream. Physical evaluation involved organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, tipe of cream and viscosity. The study results showed that all of the physicochemical properties of neem oil met the requirement. The cream were white to yellowish white, characteristic neem oil odor, homogenous cream, pH ± 8, viscosity approximately 2000-8000 cps and o/w cream. Three months storage of the cream showed that the formula resulted a stable cream physically.Keywords: neem oil, permethrin, scabies, Azadirachta indica A.Juss","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74470196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23508
Yoga Windhu Wardhana, D. Priambodo
The dissolution of tablets is one of a drug absorption determinant. Disintegrant agent has play an important role on determining the dissolution of tablets. In this experiment, the dissolution behaviours of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen Tablet was studied using various disintegrant agent such as Low substituted – Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (L–HPC) 21, L–HPC 22 and Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) as comparator. Those disintegrant agents were used at three concentration (6%, 7% and 8%) for every tablets formula. Tablets were made by wet granulation method and pressed using single punch 13 mm flat E. Korsch machine. Evaluation of each tablets quality were conducted include for uniformity of weight and size (diameter and thickness), hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution. Physically standards from tablets were in good condition, the standards of the weight and thickness uniformity, hardness and friability met the requirement. The dissolution profile on Acetaminophen Tablets showed that only tablet with 6 % L–HPC 21 did not meet the requirement of FI V (Q = 80%, 30 minutes), but on Ibuprofen Tablets where met the requirement of FI V (Q = 80%, 60 minutes) only tablet with 8% L– HPC 21, 7% and 8% SSG. The conclusion of the study was the L–HPC has more disintegrant character at hydrophilic active ingredients. Key words: Acetaminophen Tablet, Ibuprofen Tablet, SSG, L-HPC 21 and 22, Dissolution Profile
片剂的溶出度是决定药物吸收的因素之一。崩解剂对片剂溶出度有重要影响。本实验以低取代羟丙基纤维素(L-HPC) 21、L-HPC 22和乙醇酸淀粉钠(SSG)为比较剂，研究了对乙酰氨基酚和布洛芬片的溶出行为。崩解剂以3种浓度(6%、7%和8%)用于每片配方。采用湿法造粒法制备片剂，采用13 mm平板E. Korsch单孔压片机压片。对各片剂进行质量评价，包括重量、尺寸(直径、厚度)均匀性、硬度、脆性、崩解时间、溶出度等。所制片剂物理标准状况良好，质量、厚度均匀性、硬度、脆性等指标均符合要求。对乙酰氨基酚片溶出度曲线显示，只有6% L - HPC 21的片剂不符合FI V要求(Q = 80%， 30 min)，而布洛芬片只有8% L - HPC 21、7%和8% SSG的片剂符合FI V要求(Q = 80%， 60 min)。研究结果表明，L-HPC对亲水性活性成分具有较强的崩解性。关键词:对乙酰氨基酚片，布洛芬片，SSG, l - hpc21和22，溶出度
{"title":"Dissolution Behaviours of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen Tablet Influenced By L–HPC 21, 22, and Sodium Starch Glycolate as Disintegrant","authors":"Yoga Windhu Wardhana, D. Priambodo","doi":"10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23508","url":null,"abstract":"The dissolution of tablets is one of a drug absorption determinant. Disintegrant agent has play an important role on determining the dissolution of tablets. In this experiment, the dissolution behaviours of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen Tablet was studied using various disintegrant agent such as Low substituted – Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (L–HPC) 21, L–HPC 22 and Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) as comparator. Those disintegrant agents were used at three concentration (6%, 7% and 8%) for every tablets formula. Tablets were made by wet granulation method and pressed using single punch 13 mm flat E. Korsch machine. Evaluation of each tablets quality were conducted include for uniformity of weight and size (diameter and thickness), hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution. Physically standards from tablets were in good condition, the standards of the weight and thickness uniformity, hardness and friability met the requirement. The dissolution profile on Acetaminophen Tablets showed that only tablet with 6 % L–HPC 21 did not meet the requirement of FI V (Q = 80%, 30 minutes), but on Ibuprofen Tablets where met the requirement of FI V (Q = 80%, 60 minutes) only tablet with 8% L– HPC 21, 7% and 8% SSG. The conclusion of the study was the L–HPC has more disintegrant character at hydrophilic active ingredients. Key words: Acetaminophen Tablet, Ibuprofen Tablet, SSG, L-HPC 21 and 22, Dissolution Profile","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74145078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-22DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23613
Agus Rusdin, Nasrul Wathoni, K. Motoyama, I. Joni, R. Lesmana, M. Muchtaridi
Overexpressing of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in specific organ implicates tumour aggression and proliferation. Therefore, EGFR becomes a primary consideration for targeted cancer therapy. Nanoparticle drug delivery system is a promising multifunctional technique to provide the targeted drug delivery system. This review was aimed to discuss the nanoparticles formulation for targeted drug delivery system via EGFR. The data were collected from published journals recorded in the Scopus database. Various types of nanoparticles were widely studied to provide an EGFR-targeted drug delivery system. The formulations using specific targeting mediators were conjugated on several technologies such as polymeric nanoparticles, nanometals, and miscellaneous nanoparticles. Most of nanoparticles formulation become an excellent delivery carrier for drugs or gene to site-specific targeted by in vitro and in vivo evaluations. EGFR-targeted drug delivery system could be a promising technique to provide high effectiveness of drugs in EGFR-positive cells cancers with lower side effects to non-tumour cells.Keywords : Epidermal growth factor receptor, Cancer, Nanoparticle, targeted drug
{"title":"Nanoparticles Targeted Drug Delivery Aystem via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: a Review","authors":"Agus Rusdin, Nasrul Wathoni, K. Motoyama, I. Joni, R. Lesmana, M. Muchtaridi","doi":"10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v1i3.23613","url":null,"abstract":"Overexpressing of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in specific organ implicates tumour aggression and proliferation. Therefore, EGFR becomes a primary consideration for targeted cancer therapy. Nanoparticle drug delivery system is a promising multifunctional technique to provide the targeted drug delivery system. This review was aimed to discuss the nanoparticles formulation for targeted drug delivery system via EGFR. The data were collected from published journals recorded in the Scopus database. Various types of nanoparticles were widely studied to provide an EGFR-targeted drug delivery system. The formulations using specific targeting mediators were conjugated on several technologies such as polymeric nanoparticles, nanometals, and miscellaneous nanoparticles. Most of nanoparticles formulation become an excellent delivery carrier for drugs or gene to site-specific targeted by in vitro and in vivo evaluations. EGFR-targeted drug delivery system could be a promising technique to provide high effectiveness of drugs in EGFR-positive cells cancers with lower side effects to non-tumour cells.Keywords : Epidermal growth factor receptor, Cancer, Nanoparticle, targeted drug","PeriodicalId":13455,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82999589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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