Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.56042/ijems.v29i4.48695
{"title":"Synthesis of diamagnetic ZnO nano-crystallites via sol-gel method and their photocatalytic activity","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijems.v29i4.48695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijems.v29i4.48695","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13464,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73406037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.56042/ijems.v29i4.47288
Sunkulp Goel, D. Singh, N. Kumar, Abhishek Kumar Chauhan, Punit Singh
The present study investigates the effect of water and mercury quenching on the microstructural and mechanical behavior of room temperature rolled Zircaloy-2. Solution treatment of Zircaloy-2 at 1073 K followed by quenching in mercury and water has been performed prior to rolling. Different reduction from 25% to 85% of the quenched alloy and further characterization has been performed by tensile testing, Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Enhanced tensile strength (745 MPa) after 85% rolling reduction was obtained compared to 389 MPa after water quenching. Rolling reduction results an increase in the dislocation density, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength. Initial deformation has been observed by the activation of extension twinning from EBSD microstructure. Twinning results the inclination of ‘c’ axis towards the normal direction which makes near basal grains orientation along the deformation direction. Due to hard orientation i.e. ‘c’ axis aligned along the loading direction, the grain fragmentation is heterogeneous. Grain fragmentation leads to improvement in the ductility with minimal loss in strength owing to rearrangement of dislocations after annealing at 400 o C for 30 minutes. By optimizing the annealing temperature (400 o C for 30 minutes), bulk ultrafine grained Zircaloy-2 have been produced in 85% room temperature rolled Zircaloy-2.
{"title":"Effect of water and mercury quenching on microstructure and mechanical behavior of room temperature rolled Zircaloy-2","authors":"Sunkulp Goel, D. Singh, N. Kumar, Abhishek Kumar Chauhan, Punit Singh","doi":"10.56042/ijems.v29i4.47288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijems.v29i4.47288","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the effect of water and mercury quenching on the microstructural and mechanical behavior of room temperature rolled Zircaloy-2. Solution treatment of Zircaloy-2 at 1073 K followed by quenching in mercury and water has been performed prior to rolling. Different reduction from 25% to 85% of the quenched alloy and further characterization has been performed by tensile testing, Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Enhanced tensile strength (745 MPa) after 85% rolling reduction was obtained compared to 389 MPa after water quenching. Rolling reduction results an increase in the dislocation density, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength. Initial deformation has been observed by the activation of extension twinning from EBSD microstructure. Twinning results the inclination of ‘c’ axis towards the normal direction which makes near basal grains orientation along the deformation direction. Due to hard orientation i.e. ‘c’ axis aligned along the loading direction, the grain fragmentation is heterogeneous. Grain fragmentation leads to improvement in the ductility with minimal loss in strength owing to rearrangement of dislocations after annealing at 400 o C for 30 minutes. By optimizing the annealing temperature (400 o C for 30 minutes), bulk ultrafine grained Zircaloy-2 have been produced in 85% room temperature rolled Zircaloy-2.","PeriodicalId":13464,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87882448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.56042/ijems.v29i6.70290
{"title":"Modeling of Dry Conditioned Sliding Wear And Friction Behavior of Heat-Treated Silicon Nitride Strengthened Al Metal Matrix Nanocomposites","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijems.v29i6.70290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijems.v29i6.70290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13464,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88938332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.56042/ijems.v29i5.46433
{"title":"Production and Characterisation of Biodiesel with the mixture of Ambadi oil and Waste Cooking Oil","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijems.v29i5.46433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijems.v29i5.46433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13464,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88980226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.56042/ijems.v29i3.65833
Surendra Singh Godaraa, Prashanta Kumar Mahatoa, K. Saxenab
A simplified micromechanical approach is used for the modelling and analysis of unidirectional (UD) composite performance. In this paper, the influence of volume fraction and constituent properties on the effective longitudinal, transverse, and shear properties of unidirectional composites are investigated. These effective properties are determined using the micromechanical approach, which is based on mathematical modelling using the rule of mixtures. Four different types of unidirectional composites such as T300/BSL914C, IM7/8511-7, T300/PR319, and S2-Glass/epoxy were used for analysis purposes. The method was validated with existing experimental results. The response is dependent on an array of parameters, such as the orientation of fibers, the volume fractions of fibers, array of fibers and the material properties of their constituents. Further, this micromechanical method might be used with other reinforcing fibers for the prediction of properties of UD, hybrid and other composites architectures.
{"title":"Simplified micromechanics approach to analysis the performance of UD composites","authors":"Surendra Singh Godaraa, Prashanta Kumar Mahatoa, K. Saxenab","doi":"10.56042/ijems.v29i3.65833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijems.v29i3.65833","url":null,"abstract":"A simplified micromechanical approach is used for the modelling and analysis of unidirectional (UD) composite performance. In this paper, the influence of volume fraction and constituent properties on the effective longitudinal, transverse, and shear properties of unidirectional composites are investigated. These effective properties are determined using the micromechanical approach, which is based on mathematical modelling using the rule of mixtures. Four different types of unidirectional composites such as T300/BSL914C, IM7/8511-7, T300/PR319, and S2-Glass/epoxy were used for analysis purposes. The method was validated with existing experimental results. The response is dependent on an array of parameters, such as the orientation of fibers, the volume fractions of fibers, array of fibers and the material properties of their constituents. Further, this micromechanical method might be used with other reinforcing fibers for the prediction of properties of UD, hybrid and other composites architectures.","PeriodicalId":13464,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83682212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.56042/ijems.v29i1.46042
Pramod Kumar, D. Singh, J. Bhamu
Kaizen is a basic tool of lean manufacturing which is useful for better improvement and cost effectiveness in different organizations. This study describes a sequential method that uses kaizen continuous improvement approach to eliminate the lock release problem of band harness in a Wire Harness Manufacturing unit. Due to releasing of this self-locking type tie band, wire harness was not holding properly against the bracket and wires were not properly tightened which results in high rejection level of the product. Further, it also affects overall quality rating and increasing the rework cost significantly. In present study four problems which are responsible for rejections, are identified through brainstorming. Pareto analysis and rating method are used to know the major problem, responsible for highest rejections and why-why analysis is used to find out the root cause of the identified problem. To eliminate this cause, step by step procedure based on lean manufacturing approach, is applied in the case company. Statistical quality control tools are also used to analyze the problem. This study results in total cost saving of 535.20 $ per annum and beyond this some other tangible or intangible benefits were also observed.
{"title":"Application of Kaizen Lean approach to reduce rejections and failure cost at Shop floor of a wire harness manufacturing","authors":"Pramod Kumar, D. Singh, J. Bhamu","doi":"10.56042/ijems.v29i1.46042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijems.v29i1.46042","url":null,"abstract":"Kaizen is a basic tool of lean manufacturing which is useful for better improvement and cost effectiveness in different organizations. This study describes a sequential method that uses kaizen continuous improvement approach to eliminate the lock release problem of band harness in a Wire Harness Manufacturing unit. Due to releasing of this self-locking type tie band, wire harness was not holding properly against the bracket and wires were not properly tightened which results in high rejection level of the product. Further, it also affects overall quality rating and increasing the rework cost significantly. In present study four problems which are responsible for rejections, are identified through brainstorming. Pareto analysis and rating method are used to know the major problem, responsible for highest rejections and why-why analysis is used to find out the root cause of the identified problem. To eliminate this cause, step by step procedure based on lean manufacturing approach, is applied in the case company. Statistical quality control tools are also used to analyze the problem. This study results in total cost saving of 535.20 $ per annum and beyond this some other tangible or intangible benefits were also observed.","PeriodicalId":13464,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84754739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.56042/ijems.v29i6.70313
{"title":"Waste Tyre Recycling: potential applications with a focus on permeable pavements","authors":"","doi":"10.56042/ijems.v29i6.70313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijems.v29i6.70313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13464,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90702285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.56042/ijems.v29i4.47943
Madhuvanthani Rajendran, Sundar Govindasamy
The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the various droop control strategies employed to control the operation of the parallel inverters present in a microgrid, based onits output impedance. Predominantly, the output impedances of the inverters are inductive due to the line impedance and filter but in low power systems, the inverter has a resistive output impedance. The various categories under which the droop control strategies of inverters with inductive output impedance fall have been reviewed, along with its pros and cons. Although most of the inverters have inductive output impedance, inverters with resistive output impedance are superior due to the easier compensation of harmonics. Along with their advantages the various disadvantages present in the droop control strategies utilized for inverters with resistive output impedance and the solutions to overcome these problems are presented. Recent studies have shown that inverters with capacitive output impedance provide the lowest Total Harmonic Distortion along with reliable regulation of voltage and accurate power sharing. The technique of obtaining an inverter with capacitive output impedance along with its various advantages has also been presented. The universal droop strategy utilized for all types of inverters without prior knowledge of their output impedances is reviewed along with an example, to overcome the problem of having to change the droop equations according to the output impedance of the inverter. Lastly a few case studies related to microgrid implementation have been analyzed along with its challenges as well as standards and policies.
{"title":"Influence of output impedance of an inverter on its droop control strategies in a microgrid","authors":"Madhuvanthani Rajendran, Sundar Govindasamy","doi":"10.56042/ijems.v29i4.47943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijems.v29i4.47943","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the various droop control strategies employed to control the operation of the parallel inverters present in a microgrid, based onits output impedance. Predominantly, the output impedances of the inverters are inductive due to the line impedance and filter but in low power systems, the inverter has a resistive output impedance. The various categories under which the droop control strategies of inverters with inductive output impedance fall have been reviewed, along with its pros and cons. Although most of the inverters have inductive output impedance, inverters with resistive output impedance are superior due to the easier compensation of harmonics. Along with their advantages the various disadvantages present in the droop control strategies utilized for inverters with resistive output impedance and the solutions to overcome these problems are presented. Recent studies have shown that inverters with capacitive output impedance provide the lowest Total Harmonic Distortion along with reliable regulation of voltage and accurate power sharing. The technique of obtaining an inverter with capacitive output impedance along with its various advantages has also been presented. The universal droop strategy utilized for all types of inverters without prior knowledge of their output impedances is reviewed along with an example, to overcome the problem of having to change the droop equations according to the output impedance of the inverter. Lastly a few case studies related to microgrid implementation have been analyzed along with its challenges as well as standards and policies.","PeriodicalId":13464,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90105972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.56042/ijems.v29i1.48512
C. Kaboglu, E. Ferik
The aim of this research article is to show the effect of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) additive on the performance of composite plate materials with fiber reinforced polymer matrix produced by vacuum infusion method under bending test. In this study, multiple layered composite plates have produced by glass, carbon, and aramid fiber reinforcements with 0.5% CNT addition by mass. In addition, a hybrid composite plate containing glass, carbon and aramid (Kevlar) fiber has produced with CNT addition by using the same production parameters. Three point bending test has performed on the composite plates under 1 mm/min bending with ASTM D7264 standard. As a result, CNT addition has increased the flexural performance but has decreased the elongation of glass and carbon fiber reinforced systems. In aramid reinforced system, both flexural strength and elongation has increased. However, in the hybrid fiber reinforced system, different fiber types have damaged at different elongation distances within the structure under different loads, and gradually more than one failure have observed. When the CNT has added to the hybrid system, the elongation increased but the flexural strength has decreased.
{"title":"The effect carbon nanotube on three-point bending behavior of fiber reinforced composite","authors":"C. Kaboglu, E. Ferik","doi":"10.56042/ijems.v29i1.48512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijems.v29i1.48512","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research article is to show the effect of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) additive on the performance of composite plate materials with fiber reinforced polymer matrix produced by vacuum infusion method under bending test. In this study, multiple layered composite plates have produced by glass, carbon, and aramid fiber reinforcements with 0.5% CNT addition by mass. In addition, a hybrid composite plate containing glass, carbon and aramid (Kevlar) fiber has produced with CNT addition by using the same production parameters. Three point bending test has performed on the composite plates under 1 mm/min bending with ASTM D7264 standard. As a result, CNT addition has increased the flexural performance but has decreased the elongation of glass and carbon fiber reinforced systems. In aramid reinforced system, both flexural strength and elongation has increased. However, in the hybrid fiber reinforced system, different fiber types have damaged at different elongation distances within the structure under different loads, and gradually more than one failure have observed. When the CNT has added to the hybrid system, the elongation increased but the flexural strength has decreased.","PeriodicalId":13464,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77907261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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