Indian journal of cancer最新文献

Abstract: "Lineage switch" is a term used to describe the phenomenon of change of lineage of acute leukemia to a different lineage. It is typically seen during therapy or at the time of relapse. More commonly, it is described in the pediatric population with an incidence of 6-9%. Lineage switches, though uncommon, can occur from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL (B/T)) and vice versa. The present scenario of AML to B-ALL switch is rare in an adult, with only a handful of cases described in literature. We report herein a case diagnosed as AML at 56 years of age, with NPM mutation who relapsed after 18 months post initial diagnosis. The clinicopathological features, flowcytometry, and molecular characteristics are discussed.

Background: Addiction to various forms of tobacco, odd work hours with idle breaks in between, and the lack of targeted tobacco cessation services make taxi drivers vulnerable to a range of tobacco-related diseases and cancers.

Methodology: A total of 400 taxi drivers from Mumbai were enrolled in the study and interviewed using a well-structured questionnaire to collect information about their attitudes, practices regarding tobacco usage, and efforts to quit, after obtaining informed consent. Participants were further provided with health education on the hazards of tobacco use and the importance of smoke-free taxis by trained medical social workers.

Results: The prevalence of current tobacco use was 63.8% (95% CI: 58.8% - 68.5%). Smokeless tobacco was predominant (85.1%), with Khaini (55.7%) being the most commonly used form. The mean age of participants was 39.15 years, and the average age of initiation was 25 years. Curiosity was the primary reason for initiation (45.9%). Graduates and non alcoholic drivers were less likely to use tobacco (OR =0.13 and 0.29, respectively), and this difference was statistically significant. Among the users, 94.5% expressed a desire to quit, 66.3% had attempted to quit, and 69.8% felt they needed assistance to quit.

Conclusion: The study identifies the patterns and predictors of tobacco use among taxi drivers, as well as their need for assistance to quit. These findings will help guide the development of prevention and cessation strategies, ultimately aiming to reduce the risks faced by this population.

Abstract: Chondrosarcomas are slow-growing malignant tumors of cartilaginous origin. The tumor can be locally aggressive with a risk of recurrence. Less than 10% of these tumors occur in the head and neck region, with most involving the maxilla, skull base, or larynx. Chondrosarcoma arising from the nasal septum is extremely rare. We report a case of a 64-year-old woman who presented with nasal obstruction and was subsequently diagnosed with nasal septal chondrosarcoma. She was treated with wide endoscopic surgical excision and regular follow-up, resulting in a good outcome.

Background: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive ICF Core Set for children with cancer to facilitate the documentation of their health and functioning. Two preparatory phase studies were conducted to gather perspectives from caregivers and healthcare professionals.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with caregivers and a cross-sectional survey with healthcare professionals were conducted to understand the challenges children face due to cancer and its treatment, as well as environmental factors impacting their functioning. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed qualitatively. The themes derived from the analysis were coded and linked to the ICF framework using Cieza linking rules.

Results: A comprehensive ICF Core Set comprising 156 categories was formulated by combining responses from 21 healthcare professionals and 18 caregivers. Categories were distributed across the body structure, body functions, activities/participation, and environmental factors domains. Specifically, 40 categories related to body structure, 65 to body functions, 23 to activities/participation, and 27 to environmental factors.

Conclusion: The use of the ICF to develop the Core Set is significant as it provides a multidimensional perspective on the health and functioning of children with cancer. Incorporating intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the Core Set can assist multidisciplinary treatment teams in delivering individualized and holistic care to pediatric patients. Additionally, it can serve as a foundation for standardizing assessment tools and planning preventative and intervention strategies for this population.

Abstract: Ewing sarcoma is a highly malignant neoplasm of bone or soft tissues that is predominantly seen in adolescents and young adults. Patients with recurrent and metastasis have poor survival despite aggressive treatment. In Ewing sarcoma, EWS-FLI-1 translocation has been identified as a biomarker for Poly-ADP ribose Polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity and olaparib has been shown to enhance the antitumor activity of chemotherapy agents like temozolomide, irinotecan, and trabectedin. We tried the combination of olaparib and temozolomide in an adult patient of Ewing sarcoma who had metastatic disease, and after 4 months of treatment, he showed excellent response to treatment.

Abstract: Histiocytic sarcoma (HS), a rare malignant neoplasm of hematolymphoid origin, belongs to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms. This rare aggressive malignancy occurs predominantly in adults and accounts for less than 1% of all hematolymphoid neoplasms. It arises from the monocytic/macrophage lineage and shares the histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features of mature tissue histiocytes. Its predominant presentation is extranodal, involving the intestinal tract, skin, and soft tissue, and it rarely presents with lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of HS is entirely based on identifying the histiocytic lineage and the exclusion of other poorly differentiated malignancies with large pleomorphic cells like high-grade lymphomas, carcinoma, melanoma, germ cell tumors, and sarcomas. Herein, we report a case of a 61-year-old female patient who noticed a left supraclavicular swelling of 3 weeks duration, and the biopsy revealed a nodal HS. The clinicopathologic, histomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of the disease will be further discussed.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic marker and is implicated in the carcinogenesis and prognostication of cancers. However, its prognostic potential in Ewing sarcoma (ES) merits exploration.

Methods: Histopathologically confirmed consecutive ES cases registered at our institute from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF was performed on tumor tissues, and they were further classified based on VEGF intensity.

Results: There were 105 patients (53 non-metastatic and 52 metastatic). VEGF immunostaining in non-metastatic and metastatic cohorts was negative in 20 (37.7%) and 21 (40.4%), mildly positive in 13 (24.5%) and 9 (17.3%) cases, moderately positive in 14 (26.4%) and 16 (30.8%), and was intensely positive in 6 (11.3%) and 7 (13.5%) patients, respectively. VEGF immunoexpression of up to 25% was seen in 14 (13.3%) and 10 (9.5%) patients within the non-metastatic and metastatic cohorts, respectively. For the non-metastatic cohort, the median EFS (months) was 78.6 (95% CI: 61.34-NA), whereas the median OS was not reached. The median EFS and OS (months) were 10.8 (95% CI: 6.41-17.1) and 13.5 (95% CI: 8.08-21.2), respectively, for the metastatic cohort. Metastatic ES patients having either VEGF immunostaining in >25% of tumor cells or moderate/strong immunostaining were found to have inferior OS (P = 0.008, HR = 10.565). In addition, metastatic patients who were treatment naïve had inferior OS, whereas patients who underwent definitive surgery and completed treatment had superior OS (P = 0.003, P = 0.015, and P = 0.009, respectively).

Conclusion: VEGF was found to be an independent prognostic marker in metastatic ESs. This may translate to therapeutic relevance but needs validation in the subsequent, larger prospective studies.

Background: Recently, there has been a lot of interest and controversy regarding the media reporting the impending availability of a Rs 100 nutraceutical to prevent the resurgence of cancer. The institution involved rapidly issued a statement to clarify the facts. We also decided to see the short-term effect of this episode on the practicing oncologist. Here we present the results of this survey.

Methods: A 13-question multiple-choice (MCQ) survey was created using Google Forms and circulated among oncologists via WhatsApp. Responses were collected over three days, and duplicate entries were deleted. Answers from oncologists who were not aware of the controversy were also excluded. In addition, opinions were documented regarding a social media video aimed at reducing misconceptions among the general public, and the views of oncologists who had seen the video were specifically analyzed.

Results: A total of 237 out of 240 responders were aware of the controversy and were analyzed. Majority (210/237; 88.6%) of the responders were of the opinion that the initial press release by Tata Memorial Center (TMC) was premature and not necessary resulted in misinterpretation by the media as well as the laypersons. The majority of the oncologists (177/237; 74.7%) also felt that the clarification" statement from TMC was too little, too late. Among the oncologists who had seen the social media video (190/237; 80.2%), more than 90% were of the opinion that it was factually correct, appropriate, and allowed the laypersons to understand the message correctly helping with patient counselling, and that it was not offensive to TMC.

Conclusion: Healthcare professionals and institutions that are centers of excellence have to be careful when announcing the results of a new potential breakthrough. The press and digital media have a tendency to exaggerate to convert this into breaking news. A rapid response by the institutions will help ensure that the misconception is correctly addressed by facts and references. The use of social media to reach out to laypeople is an effective additional tool to convey the correct message nationwide.