Abstract Oral cancer is one of the predominant forms of cancer that alters the livelihood of survivors. They can have many unmet needs. However, very little research has been done on this topic, especially in India. This commentary piece discusses what unmet needs could mean, how the disease culminates differently and creates different realities, how the research and policymaking have been done and how it could be improved.
{"title":"Unmet Needs of Oral Cancer Survivors in India: A Perspective","authors":"Sayantan Mitra","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1766135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1766135","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Oral cancer is one of the predominant forms of cancer that alters the livelihood of survivors. They can have many unmet needs. However, very little research has been done on this topic, especially in India. This commentary piece discusses what unmet needs could mean, how the disease culminates differently and creates different realities, how the research and policymaking have been done and how it could be improved.","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47703299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the very first malignancy where the assessment of early response to therapy by minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring has proven to be cardinal tool for guiding therapeutic choices. At present, MRD detection is not only used for the assessment of initial treatment response and subsequent risk stratification but also for monitoring disease burden in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Multicolor flow cytometry (FCM) for the assessment of MRD has been in existence for more than two decades. It is presently the most commonly used technique worldwide for MRD assessment in ALL. The technique has evolved from two to three color assays in its early phases to eight and more color assays in present time, which enables detection of one leukemic cell in 10^4 or more cells. The assessment of MRD is based on analysis of expression of lineage-associated markers and either looking at “leukemia associated immunophenotypes” or identify “different from normal” patterns. A rapid turn-around-time and direct quantification of viable residual leukemic cells are advantages of FCM over molecular techniques of MRD assessment. On the other hand, one of the prime limitations of detection of residual cells by FCM is the immunophenotypic shifts that are observed as a result of chemotherapeutic reagents. In addition, introduction of immunotherapy, especially against important gating markers like CD19, has posed significant challenge to FCM-based MRD assays, and requires modification of antibody panels for an alternate gating and analysis strategy. Finally, standardization and validation of MRD assay and use of internal and external quality controls are extremely important aspects for a clinical laboratory providing MRD reports for patient care.
{"title":"Flow Cytometric MRD Assessment in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias","authors":"H. Virk, M. Sachdeva","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1766137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1766137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the very first malignancy where the assessment of early response to therapy by minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring has proven to be cardinal tool for guiding therapeutic choices. At present, MRD detection is not only used for the assessment of initial treatment response and subsequent risk stratification but also for monitoring disease burden in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Multicolor flow cytometry (FCM) for the assessment of MRD has been in existence for more than two decades. It is presently the most commonly used technique worldwide for MRD assessment in ALL. The technique has evolved from two to three color assays in its early phases to eight and more color assays in present time, which enables detection of one leukemic cell in 10^4 or more cells. The assessment of MRD is based on analysis of expression of lineage-associated markers and either looking at “leukemia associated immunophenotypes” or identify “different from normal” patterns. A rapid turn-around-time and direct quantification of viable residual leukemic cells are advantages of FCM over molecular techniques of MRD assessment. On the other hand, one of the prime limitations of detection of residual cells by FCM is the immunophenotypic shifts that are observed as a result of chemotherapeutic reagents. In addition, introduction of immunotherapy, especially against important gating markers like CD19, has posed significant challenge to FCM-based MRD assays, and requires modification of antibody panels for an alternate gating and analysis strategy. Finally, standardization and validation of MRD assay and use of internal and external quality controls are extremely important aspects for a clinical laboratory providing MRD reports for patient care.","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43192995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiran Kumar Satti, N. Mehra, J. Kalaiyarasi, V. Radhakrishnan, Parathan Karunakaran, K. Rathinam, S. Mani, P. Ganesan
Abstract Introduction Philadelphia chromosome positivity (Ph + ) is a poor prognostic feature in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission (CR1) is recommended. There is limited literature on the role of consolidation autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This study was undertaken to assess the potential of consolidation ASCT in CR1 in adults with Ph + ALL. Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of ASCT in CR1 in adults with Ph + ALL. Materials and Methods Adult patients diagnosed with Ph + ALL who underwent ASCT in CR1 after modified ALL-BFM95 protocol from 2015 to 2017 were included. Patients who achieved major molecular response or better were considered for ASCT with cyclophosphamide-total body irradiation regimen and peripheral blood stem cells infused on day 0. Toxicities as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event v4.0, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Inclusion criteria: Following patients were included—patients aged 18 years and above diagnosed with Ph + ALL; patients receiving BFM-95 induction chemotherapy protocol; patients who achieved CR after induction therapy; nonavailability of human leukocyte antigen match from a matched sibling donor or matched unrelated donor. Exclusion criteria: Patients not willing or unfit for ASCT and patients planned for allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were excluded. Results Six adult patients with Ph + ALL underwent ASCT in CR1 (median age: 23 [range: 19–36] years, five patients were males [83%]). Imatinib was started at a median of 11 days from the start of induction IA (range: 10–21). Five patients achieved morphological CR after induction 1A and, one patient at the end of induction 1B. The median time to ASCT (from diagnosis) was 8 months (range: 6.4–13). All the six patients had disease relapse and died due to progressive ALL. The median DFS and OS were 19.2 months and 23.3 months, respectively. Conclusion Consolidation ASCT yielded poor outcomes in this study. There was a significant delay from diagnosis to ASCT, which might have impacted the results.
{"title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Outcomes in Adult Philadelphia Chromosome Positive-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","authors":"Kiran Kumar Satti, N. Mehra, J. Kalaiyarasi, V. Radhakrishnan, Parathan Karunakaran, K. Rathinam, S. Mani, P. Ganesan","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761413","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Philadelphia chromosome positivity (Ph + ) is a poor prognostic feature in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission (CR1) is recommended. There is limited literature on the role of consolidation autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This study was undertaken to assess the potential of consolidation ASCT in CR1 in adults with Ph + ALL. Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of ASCT in CR1 in adults with Ph + ALL. Materials and Methods Adult patients diagnosed with Ph + ALL who underwent ASCT in CR1 after modified ALL-BFM95 protocol from 2015 to 2017 were included. Patients who achieved major molecular response or better were considered for ASCT with cyclophosphamide-total body irradiation regimen and peripheral blood stem cells infused on day 0. Toxicities as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event v4.0, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Inclusion criteria: Following patients were included—patients aged 18 years and above diagnosed with Ph + ALL; patients receiving BFM-95 induction chemotherapy protocol; patients who achieved CR after induction therapy; nonavailability of human leukocyte antigen match from a matched sibling donor or matched unrelated donor. Exclusion criteria: Patients not willing or unfit for ASCT and patients planned for allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were excluded. Results Six adult patients with Ph + ALL underwent ASCT in CR1 (median age: 23 [range: 19–36] years, five patients were males [83%]). Imatinib was started at a median of 11 days from the start of induction IA (range: 10–21). Five patients achieved morphological CR after induction 1A and, one patient at the end of induction 1B. The median time to ASCT (from diagnosis) was 8 months (range: 6.4–13). All the six patients had disease relapse and died due to progressive ALL. The median DFS and OS were 19.2 months and 23.3 months, respectively. Conclusion Consolidation ASCT yielded poor outcomes in this study. There was a significant delay from diagnosis to ASCT, which might have impacted the results.","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":"44 1","pages":"408 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48650180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Sequeira, A. Katdare, P. Popat, N. Sable, K. Gala, Daksh Chandra, A. Agrawal, G. Prakash, V. Murthy, S. Menon, A. Joshi, Ajay Singh, S. Kulkarni
Abstract Penile cancer is more common in developing countries and presents unique challenges in treatment, given the psychological impact of surgical treatment options on patients. While clinical assessment of the lesions and nodal disease is critical, imaging does play a role in initial staging, response assessment, and surveillance. This article aims to delineate the guidelines for clinical and radiological evaluation of penile cancers and the approach to disease management.
{"title":"Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Penile Cancer","authors":"R. Sequeira, A. Katdare, P. Popat, N. Sable, K. Gala, Daksh Chandra, A. Agrawal, G. Prakash, V. Murthy, S. Menon, A. Joshi, Ajay Singh, S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Penile cancer is more common in developing countries and presents unique challenges in treatment, given the psychological impact of surgical treatment options on patients. While clinical assessment of the lesions and nodal disease is critical, imaging does play a role in initial staging, response assessment, and surveillance. This article aims to delineate the guidelines for clinical and radiological evaluation of penile cancers and the approach to disease management.","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":"44 1","pages":"281 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47776994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor's Note","authors":"A. Mahajan","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1766139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1766139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":"44 1","pages":"149 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42683314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinita Majithia, G. Prakash, MH Thakur, P. Popat, N. Sable, A. Katdare, S. Kulkarni, Daksh Chandra
Abstract Bladder cancer (BCa) is a leading cause of cancer worldwide with high incidence and mortality across all ages. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to significantly improved survival rate and overall prognosis. Smoking is the biggest contributing factor for the development of BCa. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common histological subtype. Commonly implemented imaging techniques include computed tomography urography (CTU) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). CTU is the investigation of choice for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and is best utilized for local assessment and staging of larger and higher staged tumors, that is, T3b and T4. mpMRI encompasses T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. It can differentiate ≤T1 and ≥T2 tumors based on the Vesicle Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) assessment as well as differentiate Ta from T1 tumors, and is useful in post-therapy response assessment of BCa. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography is used in selected patients of MIBC for metastatic evaluation, particularly those with deranged renal function. A synoptic reporting template should be used to have standardization of data. Primary urethral cancer (UCa) is a rare and aggressive malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies. MRI is the investigation of choice for UCa.
{"title":"Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Bladder and Urethral Malignancies","authors":"Jinita Majithia, G. Prakash, MH Thakur, P. Popat, N. Sable, A. Katdare, S. Kulkarni, Daksh Chandra","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bladder cancer (BCa) is a leading cause of cancer worldwide with high incidence and mortality across all ages. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to significantly improved survival rate and overall prognosis. Smoking is the biggest contributing factor for the development of BCa. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common histological subtype. Commonly implemented imaging techniques include computed tomography urography (CTU) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). CTU is the investigation of choice for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and is best utilized for local assessment and staging of larger and higher staged tumors, that is, T3b and T4. mpMRI encompasses T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. It can differentiate ≤T1 and ≥T2 tumors based on the Vesicle Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) assessment as well as differentiate Ta from T1 tumors, and is useful in post-therapy response assessment of BCa. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography is used in selected patients of MIBC for metastatic evaluation, particularly those with deranged renal function. A synoptic reporting template should be used to have standardization of data. Primary urethral cancer (UCa) is a rare and aggressive malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies. MRI is the investigation of choice for UCa.","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":"44 1","pages":"268 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44556165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Janu, Anurima Patra, Mahesh Kumar, A. Gulia, S. Kulkarni, N. Shetty, A. Puri, P. Nayak, M. Pruthi
Abstract Primary bone sarcomas account for less than 1% of diagnosed cancers each year. In this era of multiplanar and functional imaging, the approach to the radiographic diagnosis of bone cancers goes much beyond traditional radiography. Radiographs are still the most pertinent part of the initial diagnosis of bone tumors. Multimodal imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help with issues such as complex anatomy, marrow assessment, soft assessment, and better local staging. The emerging imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET)-CT/PET-MRI has further transformed the imaging of bone malignancies. Radiologist plays an important role in the workup, staging, and management of bone tumors. The purpose of this article is to review imaging recommendations for better diagnosis, staging, and management of bone tumors.
{"title":"Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Bone Tumors","authors":"A. Janu, Anurima Patra, Mahesh Kumar, A. Gulia, S. Kulkarni, N. Shetty, A. Puri, P. Nayak, M. Pruthi","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760313","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Primary bone sarcomas account for less than 1% of diagnosed cancers each year. In this era of multiplanar and functional imaging, the approach to the radiographic diagnosis of bone cancers goes much beyond traditional radiography. Radiographs are still the most pertinent part of the initial diagnosis of bone tumors. Multimodal imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help with issues such as complex anatomy, marrow assessment, soft assessment, and better local staging. The emerging imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET)-CT/PET-MRI has further transformed the imaging of bone malignancies. Radiologist plays an important role in the workup, staging, and management of bone tumors. The purpose of this article is to review imaging recommendations for better diagnosis, staging, and management of bone tumors.","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":"44 1","pages":"257 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Thakur, S. Chakrabarthi, P. Haria, S. Hari, P. Popat, A. Katdare, K. Gala, Sonal Chouhan, N. Nair, J. Bajpai, R. Pathak, T. Shet, G. Mishra, Sneha Shah, S. Joshi, Soujanya Mynalli, A. Srikanth, S. Kulkarni
Abstract In a rapidly evolving world, with a steep rise in breast cancer incidence, there has been many advances in imaging and therapeutic options of breast cancer care. In this review article, we are trying to cover imaging guideline for cancer detection and their therapeutic options. These help in the reduction of morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Breast Cancer","authors":"M. Thakur, S. Chakrabarthi, P. Haria, S. Hari, P. Popat, A. Katdare, K. Gala, Sonal Chouhan, N. Nair, J. Bajpai, R. Pathak, T. Shet, G. Mishra, Sneha Shah, S. Joshi, Soujanya Mynalli, A. Srikanth, S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760326","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a rapidly evolving world, with a steep rise in breast cancer incidence, there has been many advances in imaging and therapeutic options of breast cancer care. In this review article, we are trying to cover imaging guideline for cancer detection and their therapeutic options. These help in the reduction of morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":"44 1","pages":"207 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Katdare, P. Popat, R. Sequeira, N. Sable, K. Gala, Daksh Chandra, A. Agrawal, G. Prakash, V. Murthy, S. Menon, A. Joshi, Ajay Singh, S. Kulkarni
Abstract The common testicular tumors affect young males in the third and fourth decades and germ cell tumors especially have excellent post-treatment outcomes. Hence, guidelines for clinical, radiological, and tumor marker assessment for diagnosis, response assessment, and surveillance of these tumors have critical impact on the management of these tumors. This article aims to discuss the current recommendations and guidelines regarding the clinical and radiological assessment and treatment pathways of testicular tumors.
{"title":"Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Testicular Cancer","authors":"A. Katdare, P. Popat, R. Sequeira, N. Sable, K. Gala, Daksh Chandra, A. Agrawal, G. Prakash, V. Murthy, S. Menon, A. Joshi, Ajay Singh, S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760328","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The common testicular tumors affect young males in the third and fourth decades and germ cell tumors especially have excellent post-treatment outcomes. Hence, guidelines for clinical, radiological, and tumor marker assessment for diagnosis, response assessment, and surveillance of these tumors have critical impact on the management of these tumors. This article aims to discuss the current recommendations and guidelines regarding the clinical and radiological assessment and treatment pathways of testicular tumors.","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":"44 1","pages":"275 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45841891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mahajan, S. Shukla, S. Ankathi, Anuradha Shukla, R. Vaish, Shubham Suryavanshi, Ujjwal Agarwal, Vasundhara Patil, A. Sahu, Shubham Padashetty, S. Laskar, V. Patil, V. Noronha, N. Menon, K. Prabhash, A. Patil, P. Chaturvedi, P. Pai, S. Rane, M. Bal, A. Dcruz
Abstract Thyroid cancer ranks as the leading endocrine malignancy in adults. The foundation for primary diagnosis of thyroid cancer is a high-resolution ultrasound (US) of the thyroid gland including US-guided fine-needle biopsy (FNB) of suspected thyroid nodules. Advanced cross-sectional imaging, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, can be useful in selected patients. The mainstay of treatment of thyroid cancer is surgery. It may be supplemented by radioactive iodine ablation/therapy in high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Radiology plays a crucial role in both diagnostic and posttreatment follow-up imaging. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disorder with single parathyroid adenoma being its most common cause. The radiologist's aim in parathyroid imaging is to provide the clinician with an illustrative picture of the neck, locating lesions with respect to landmarks. Imaging helps in the detection of solitary versus multiglandular disease, ectopic and supernumerary glands with precise localization. US, nuclear imaging, and four-dimensional CT are the most commonly used imaging modalities for the preoperative localization of the parathyroid disease. Salivary gland tumors account for approximately 0.5% of all neoplasms, the most common location being the parotid gland (70%). Imaging is crucial in salivary gland tumors by defining its location, detecting malignant features, assessing local extension and invasion, staging the tumors according to the tumor-node-metastasis classification, and assessing the feasibility of surgery.
{"title":"Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Cancer of the Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Salivary Glands","authors":"A. Mahajan, S. Shukla, S. Ankathi, Anuradha Shukla, R. Vaish, Shubham Suryavanshi, Ujjwal Agarwal, Vasundhara Patil, A. Sahu, Shubham Padashetty, S. Laskar, V. Patil, V. Noronha, N. Menon, K. Prabhash, A. Patil, P. Chaturvedi, P. Pai, S. Rane, M. Bal, A. Dcruz","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thyroid cancer ranks as the leading endocrine malignancy in adults. The foundation for primary diagnosis of thyroid cancer is a high-resolution ultrasound (US) of the thyroid gland including US-guided fine-needle biopsy (FNB) of suspected thyroid nodules. Advanced cross-sectional imaging, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, can be useful in selected patients. The mainstay of treatment of thyroid cancer is surgery. It may be supplemented by radioactive iodine ablation/therapy in high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Radiology plays a crucial role in both diagnostic and posttreatment follow-up imaging. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disorder with single parathyroid adenoma being its most common cause. The radiologist's aim in parathyroid imaging is to provide the clinician with an illustrative picture of the neck, locating lesions with respect to landmarks. Imaging helps in the detection of solitary versus multiglandular disease, ectopic and supernumerary glands with precise localization. US, nuclear imaging, and four-dimensional CT are the most commonly used imaging modalities for the preoperative localization of the parathyroid disease. Salivary gland tumors account for approximately 0.5% of all neoplasms, the most common location being the parotid gland (70%). Imaging is crucial in salivary gland tumors by defining its location, detecting malignant features, assessing local extension and invasion, staging the tumors according to the tumor-node-metastasis classification, and assessing the feasibility of surgery.","PeriodicalId":13513,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology","volume":"44 1","pages":"159 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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