Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105183
Helena C. Maltezou , Vasiliki Rapti , Vasileios Petrakis , Maria N. Gamaletsou , Evangelia Voulgaraki , Theodoros V. Giannouchos , Eirini Antoniadou , Konstantinos Kounouklas , Dimitrios Basoulis , Αmalia Karapanou , Eleni Karantoni , Maria Chini , Garyfalia Poulakou , Periklis Panagopoulos , Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou , Konstantinos N. Syrigos , Nikolaos V. Sipsas
Aim
To estimate the protection that the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine conferred to COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Greece during the 2023–2024 season.
Methods
Data were collected from five tertiary-care hospitals from November 2023 through May 2024. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between COVID-19 vaccination status, adverse outcome [intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, death], and in-hospital length-of-stay.
Results
All in all, 579 patients with COVID-19 [mean age: 76.7 years; 547 (94.5 %) patients with ≥ 1 comorbidity] were hospitalized for a mean 7.2 days during the study period. Overall, 111 (19.2 %) were unvaccinated, 437 (75.5 %) had been vaccinated against COVID-19 in the past, and 31 (5.3 %) had received the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Unvaccinated individuals were disproportionately more likely to be admitted to an ICU (6.3 % versus 1.6 % versus 0.0 %; p-value = 0.01), to be intubated (6.3 % versus 1.8 % versus 0.0 %; p-value = 0.02), and to die (12.6 % versus 8.9 % versus 6.5 %; p-value = 0.42) compared to partially and fully vaccinated individuals. Multivariable analysis found that vaccination with the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent mRNA vaccine significantly reduced the odds of in-hospital mortality [adjusted odds ratio: 0.37; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.15–0.90] and was associated with shorter in-hospital length-of-stay [incidence rate ratio: 0.71; 95 % CI: 0.50–0.98) compared to no vaccination.
Conclusions
In comparison with unvaccinated individuals, the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine conferred significant protection against in-hospital mortality and reduced length of stay to COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Greece during the 2023–2024 season.
{"title":"Protection conferred by the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine to patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Greece in 2023–2024","authors":"Helena C. Maltezou , Vasiliki Rapti , Vasileios Petrakis , Maria N. Gamaletsou , Evangelia Voulgaraki , Theodoros V. Giannouchos , Eirini Antoniadou , Konstantinos Kounouklas , Dimitrios Basoulis , Αmalia Karapanou , Eleni Karantoni , Maria Chini , Garyfalia Poulakou , Periklis Panagopoulos , Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou , Konstantinos N. Syrigos , Nikolaos V. Sipsas","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To estimate the protection that the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine conferred to COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Greece during the 2023–2024 season.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from five tertiary-care hospitals from November 2023 through May 2024. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between COVID-19 vaccination status, adverse outcome [intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, death], and in-hospital length-of-stay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All in all, 579 patients with COVID-19 [mean age: 76.7 years; 547 (94.5 %) patients with ≥ 1 comorbidity] were hospitalized for a mean 7.2 days during the study period. Overall, 111 (19.2 %) were unvaccinated, 437 (75.5 %) had been vaccinated against COVID-19 in the past, and 31 (5.3 %) had received the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Unvaccinated individuals were disproportionately more likely to be admitted to an ICU (6.3 % versus 1.6 % versus 0.0 %; p-value = 0.01), to be intubated (6.3 % versus 1.8 % versus 0.0 %; p-value = 0.02), and to die (12.6 % versus 8.9 % versus 6.5 %; p-value = 0.42) compared to partially and fully vaccinated individuals. Multivariable analysis found that vaccination with the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent mRNA vaccine significantly reduced the odds of in-hospital mortality [adjusted odds ratio: 0.37; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.15–0.90] and was associated with shorter in-hospital length-of-stay [incidence rate ratio: 0.71; 95 % CI: 0.50–0.98) compared to no vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In comparison with unvaccinated individuals, the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine conferred significant protection against in-hospital mortality and reduced length of stay to COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Greece during the 2023–2024 season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105132
Pietro Ferrara
{"title":"West Nile virus in Italy: A rising public health concern calling for reinforced surveillance and preventive measures.","authors":"Pietro Ferrara","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":" ","pages":"105132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105130
C About, F Meyer, M Simon, E Jeanbert, B Demore, A Charmillon
Objectives: In January 2022, EUCAST guidelines recommending replacement of the "intermediate" category with a "susceptible, increased exposure" (SFP) category were implemented in our hospital. We aimed to assess the impact of these changes on antibiotic prescriptions for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Methods: This retrospective before-after study included adult inpatients with monobacterial infections between March-August 2021 (BEFORE) and March-August 2022 (AFTER). Antibiotic use and relevance were compared. Meropenem was masked when imipenem was categorized as SFP.
Results: We included 240 antibiotic susceptibility tests (195 patients). Infectious disease consultations increased significantly during implementation (53.0 % vs. 28.9 %, p = 0.0005). Meropenem prescriptions for P. aeruginosa declined (13.8 %-6.2 %), while high-dose regimens for SFP antibiotics likewise decreased (50.0 %-35.4 %). Overall, prescription appropriateness remained high (>92 %).
Conclusion: The introduction of SFP reporting was associated with increased ID consultation and a trend toward reduced broad-spectrum use, highlighting a need for targeted prescriber education.
{"title":"Modification of reported antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the EUCAST recommendations: Evaluation of the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in a university hospital.","authors":"C About, F Meyer, M Simon, E Jeanbert, B Demore, A Charmillon","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In January 2022, EUCAST guidelines recommending replacement of the \"intermediate\" category with a \"susceptible, increased exposure\" (SFP) category were implemented in our hospital. We aimed to assess the impact of these changes on antibiotic prescriptions for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective before-after study included adult inpatients with monobacterial infections between March-August 2021 (BEFORE) and March-August 2022 (AFTER). Antibiotic use and relevance were compared. Meropenem was masked when imipenem was categorized as SFP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 240 antibiotic susceptibility tests (195 patients). Infectious disease consultations increased significantly during implementation (53.0 % vs. 28.9 %, p = 0.0005). Meropenem prescriptions for P. aeruginosa declined (13.8 %-6.2 %), while high-dose regimens for SFP antibiotics likewise decreased (50.0 %-35.4 %). Overall, prescription appropriateness remained high (>92 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The introduction of SFP reporting was associated with increased ID consultation and a trend toward reduced broad-spectrum use, highlighting a need for targeted prescriber education.</p>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":" ","pages":"105130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105184
Subudun Gerile , Xiaohui Wo , Sha Li , Xinwei Xu , Dan Zhang , Zhiqiang Kang
Background
Infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is modulated by the interplay between host genetic factors and environmental influences.
Objectives
This study aims to investigate the association between the rs3825071 polymorphism of the lncRNANEAT1 and HIV-1 infection within the Hulunbuir population in China.
Materials and methods
In this study, 200 individuals infected with HIV-1 and 200 healthy controls were recruited. The rs3825071 locus was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method, while the NEAT1 expression was assessed through RT-qPCR. Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the relationship between viral load (log10) and NEAT1 expression. Logistic regression was utilized to identify independent risk factors associated with HIV-1 infection.
Results
The T allele at the rs3825071 locus was associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection (OR = 1.738, 95 % CI = 1.233–2.449, P = 0.001). Individuals with the TT genotype demonstrate the highest risk of infection (OR = 3.014, P = 0.014). Furthermore, NEAT1 expression in the HIV-1 group was significantly lower compared to the control group. A negative correlation was observed between NEAT1 expression and viral load (log10); more specifically, carriers of the CT + TT genotypes exhibited markedly reduced NEAT1 expression alongside elevated viral loads (log10). Both the CT + TT genotype of rs3825071 and low NEAT1 expression were found to be independent risk factors for HIV-1 infection. The rs3825071 polymorphism may contribute to the progression of HIV-1 infection by downregulating NEAT1 expression.
Conclusion
The NEAT1 rs3825071 polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 in the Hulunbuir population of China, where CT and TT genotypes may increase the risk of infection.
{"title":"LncRNA NEAT1 rs3825071 polymorphisms associated with HIV-1 infection in the Hulunbuir population of China","authors":"Subudun Gerile , Xiaohui Wo , Sha Li , Xinwei Xu , Dan Zhang , Zhiqiang Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is modulated by the interplay between host genetic factors and environmental influences.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the association between the rs3825071 polymorphism of the lncRNANEAT1 and HIV-1 infection within the Hulunbuir population in China.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this study, 200 individuals infected with HIV-1 and 200 healthy controls were recruited. The rs3825071 locus was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method, while the NEAT1 expression was assessed through RT-qPCR. Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the relationship between viral load (log10) and NEAT1 expression. Logistic regression was utilized to identify independent risk factors associated with HIV-1 infection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The T allele at the rs3825071 locus was associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection (OR = 1.738, 95 % CI = 1.233–2.449, <em>P</em> = 0.001). Individuals with the TT genotype demonstrate the highest risk of infection (OR = 3.014, <em>P</em> = 0.014). Furthermore, NEAT1 expression in the HIV-1 group was significantly lower compared to the control group. A negative correlation was observed between NEAT1 expression and viral load (log10); more specifically, carriers of the CT + TT genotypes exhibited markedly reduced NEAT1 expression alongside elevated viral loads (log10). Both the CT + TT genotype of rs3825071 and low NEAT1 expression were found to be independent risk factors for HIV-1 infection. The rs3825071 polymorphism may contribute to the progression of HIV-1 infection by downregulating NEAT1 expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The NEAT1 rs3825071 polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 in the Hulunbuir population of China, where CT and TT genotypes may increase the risk of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"56 1","pages":"Article 105184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145437817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105131
S Abbara, Y Crabol, J Goupil de Bouillé, A Dinh, D Morquin
Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to permeate every facet of infectious disease practice-from prevention and public health surveillance to epidemic management and bedside care. Routine care data (laboratory results, medication orders, progress notes) and research-generated datasets now fuel state-of-the-art machine-learning (ML) pipelines that sharpen diagnosis, prognosis, antimicrobial stewardship, and, by combining both sources, accelerate drug discovery. In diagnostics, deep networks that now flag pneumonia or tuberculosis on chest images are increasingly able to identify-and localize-virtually more infectious processes throughout the body, while simultaneously predicting pathogen identity and antimicrobial resistance from routine microbiology. Prognostic models trained on Electronic Health Records surpass traditional scores in anticipating clinical deterioration or postoperative sepsis, enabling earlier targeted interventions. Predictive analytics can also personalize antimicrobial dosing by fusing real-time drug-monitoring data. Large language models (LLMs) build upon these advances by transforming unstructured clinical narratives into structured phenotypes suitable for predictive modeling, automatically summarizing patient encounters, generating synthetic cohorts for rare conditions, and providing real-time conversational decision support at the patient's bedside. Despite rapid progress, real-world deployment faces hurdles: high computational and licensing costs, vendor-specific implementation constraints, limited cross-site model transferability, and fragmented governance of safety, bias, and cybersecurity risks. Rigorous, lifecycle-based evaluation frameworks-covering external validation, cost-effectiveness analysis, and post-deployment monitoring-are required to ensure safe, equitable, and sustainable AI adoption. This review synthesizes current applications, evidential strengths, and unresolved challenges, and proposes a translational roadmap aligning technical innovation with clinical and regulatory realities.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and infectious diseases: Scope and perspectives.","authors":"S Abbara, Y Crabol, J Goupil de Bouillé, A Dinh, D Morquin","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to permeate every facet of infectious disease practice-from prevention and public health surveillance to epidemic management and bedside care. Routine care data (laboratory results, medication orders, progress notes) and research-generated datasets now fuel state-of-the-art machine-learning (ML) pipelines that sharpen diagnosis, prognosis, antimicrobial stewardship, and, by combining both sources, accelerate drug discovery. In diagnostics, deep networks that now flag pneumonia or tuberculosis on chest images are increasingly able to identify-and localize-virtually more infectious processes throughout the body, while simultaneously predicting pathogen identity and antimicrobial resistance from routine microbiology. Prognostic models trained on Electronic Health Records surpass traditional scores in anticipating clinical deterioration or postoperative sepsis, enabling earlier targeted interventions. Predictive analytics can also personalize antimicrobial dosing by fusing real-time drug-monitoring data. Large language models (LLMs) build upon these advances by transforming unstructured clinical narratives into structured phenotypes suitable for predictive modeling, automatically summarizing patient encounters, generating synthetic cohorts for rare conditions, and providing real-time conversational decision support at the patient's bedside. Despite rapid progress, real-world deployment faces hurdles: high computational and licensing costs, vendor-specific implementation constraints, limited cross-site model transferability, and fragmented governance of safety, bias, and cybersecurity risks. Rigorous, lifecycle-based evaluation frameworks-covering external validation, cost-effectiveness analysis, and post-deployment monitoring-are required to ensure safe, equitable, and sustainable AI adoption. This review synthesizes current applications, evidential strengths, and unresolved challenges, and proposes a translational roadmap aligning technical innovation with clinical and regulatory realities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":" ","pages":"105131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105180
Juan Pablo García-Marmolejo , Cándida Diaz-Brochero , Laura Cristina Nocua-Báez , Tatiana Ordóñez-Blanco , Ana María Leguízamo-Naranjo , Rómulo Vargas-Rubio
Background
Acute cholangitis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. However, the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy following biliary drainage remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes based on the duration of antibiotic therapy after successful biliary drainage in adults with acute cholangitis.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients treated for acute cholangitis at a university hospital in Colombia between 2014 and 2022. Short-course antibiotic therapy was defined as ≤4 days after successful post-ERCP drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, or hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between antibiotic duration and the primary outcome.
Results
All in all, 317 patients were included. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism, with 54 % manifesting full antimicrobial susceptibility. Fifty-nine patients received short-course therapy, while 258 received long-course therapy. There were no significant differences in the primary outcome between the groups (p = 1). However, longer hospital stays were observed in the long-course group (p < 0.001). Tokyo III severity (OR 32.07; 95 % CI 11.84–113.16; p < 0.001) and carbapenem resistance (OR 4.07; 95 % CI 1.02–16.96; p = 0.04) were identified as independent risk factors for the composite outcome.
Conclusions
Shorter antibiotic courses following ERCP drainage may be a viable option for patients with acute cholangitis. Further randomized controlled trials and pragmatic studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
{"title":"Differences in clinical outcomes according to duration of antibiotic therapy following successful ERCP in patients with acute cholangitis: A retrospective cohort study in Colombia","authors":"Juan Pablo García-Marmolejo , Cándida Diaz-Brochero , Laura Cristina Nocua-Báez , Tatiana Ordóñez-Blanco , Ana María Leguízamo-Naranjo , Rómulo Vargas-Rubio","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute cholangitis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. However, the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy following biliary drainage remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes based on the duration of antibiotic therapy after successful biliary drainage in adults with acute cholangitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients treated for acute cholangitis at a university hospital in Colombia between 2014 and 2022. Short-course antibiotic therapy was defined as ≤4 days after successful post-ERCP drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, or hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between antibiotic duration and the primary outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All in all, 317 patients were included. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was the most frequently isolated microorganism, with 54 % manifesting full antimicrobial susceptibility. Fifty-nine patients received short-course therapy, while 258 received long-course therapy. There were no significant differences in the primary outcome between the groups (p = 1). However, longer hospital stays were observed in the long-course group (p < 0.001). Tokyo III severity (OR 32.07; 95 % CI 11.84–113.16; p < 0.001) and carbapenem resistance (OR 4.07; 95 % CI 1.02–16.96; p = 0.04) were identified as independent risk factors for the composite outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Shorter antibiotic courses following ERCP drainage may be a viable option for patients with acute cholangitis. Further randomized controlled trials and pragmatic studies are necessary to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145426642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105182
Philippe Lavrard-Meyer , Piseth Seng , Fabrice Bartolomei , Andreas Stein , Romain Carron
Introduction
Post-neurosurgical brain abscesses are documented in approximately 9% of cases, with causative pathogens often linked to polymicrobial or nosocomial origins.
Case report.
We report the first case of post-neurosurgical Legionella pneumophila brain abscess in a 55-year-old woman with drug-resistant epilepsy. The abscess developed following stereo-electroencephalography and thermocoagulation procedures, manifesting as hemiparesis and vomiting. Diagnosis was confirmed via 16S rRNA PCR, antigen testing, and Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) culture. Treatment with targeted antibiotics, including levofloxacin and rifampicin, led to a complete recovery without sequelae. Investigation identified the patient’s home water system as the infection source.
Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of molecular diagnostics and tailored therapy in managing rare brain abscesses.
{"title":"Legionella in the brain: First culture-confirmed post-surgical abscess case and its successful management","authors":"Philippe Lavrard-Meyer , Piseth Seng , Fabrice Bartolomei , Andreas Stein , Romain Carron","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Post-neurosurgical brain abscesses are documented in approximately 9% of cases, with causative pathogens often linked to polymicrobial or nosocomial origins.</div><div>Case report.</div><div>We report the first case of post-neurosurgical <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> brain abscess in a 55-year-old woman with drug-resistant epilepsy. The abscess developed following stereo-electroencephalography and thermocoagulation procedures, manifesting as hemiparesis and vomiting. Diagnosis was confirmed via 16S rRNA PCR, antigen testing, and Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) culture. Treatment with targeted antibiotics, including levofloxacin and rifampicin, led to a complete recovery without sequelae. Investigation identified the patient’s home water system as the infection source.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights the importance of molecular diagnostics and tailored therapy in managing rare brain abscesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145421569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105179
Lonika Lodha , Akila Swaminathan , Abby John , Shalini Kunhikannan , Brindha Sundar , Sathishkumar A , Kalyani J. Nair , Amrita Pattanaik
Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen of significant public health concern, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. The virus was first identified in 1965 during a dengue-like febrile outbreak in the village of Chandipur, Maharashtra, India. CHPV is a bullet- shaped enveloped rhabdovirus with a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome. CHPV infections are characterised by fatal acute encephalitis, specifically in the paediatric population under the age of 15, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 57%–70% observed during outbreaks. CHPV transmission is believed to occur via sandflies (Phlebotomus spp.), with additional roles for other arthropod vectors not yet fully ruled out. CHPV infection in humans is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, vomiting, and altered sensorium, progressing swiftly to coma and death in severe cases. Various diagnostic approaches, including serological assays, molecular techniques, animal inoculation, and virus isolation, have been employed for CHPV detection. The lack of specific antiviral treatment or a licensed vaccine compounds the threat posed by CHPV, particularly in resource-limited settings. In the absence of a licenced vaccine, prevention of CHPV infection relies on reducing vector-borne transmission of the virus. This review comprehensively investigates several key questions related to the CHPV, including its epidemiology, transmission mechanisms, clinical presentations, diagnostic techniques, and potential treatments.
{"title":"Chandipura virus: A comprehensive review","authors":"Lonika Lodha , Akila Swaminathan , Abby John , Shalini Kunhikannan , Brindha Sundar , Sathishkumar A , Kalyani J. Nair , Amrita Pattanaik","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen of significant public health concern, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. The virus was first identified in 1965 during a dengue-like febrile outbreak in the village of Chandipur, Maharashtra, India. CHPV is a bullet- shaped enveloped rhabdovirus with a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome. CHPV infections are characterised by fatal acute encephalitis, specifically in the paediatric population under the age of 15, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 57%–70% observed during outbreaks. CHPV transmission is believed to occur via sandflies (<em>Phlebotomus</em> spp.), with additional roles for other arthropod vectors not yet fully ruled out. CHPV infection in humans is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, vomiting, and altered sensorium, progressing swiftly to coma and death in severe cases. Various diagnostic approaches, including serological assays, molecular techniques, animal inoculation, and virus isolation, have been employed for CHPV detection. The lack of specific antiviral treatment or a licensed vaccine compounds the threat posed by CHPV, particularly in resource-limited settings. In the absence of a licenced vaccine, prevention of CHPV infection relies on reducing vector-borne transmission of the virus. This review comprehensively investigates several key questions related to the CHPV, including its epidemiology, transmission mechanisms, clinical presentations, diagnostic techniques, and potential treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145400679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105181
Paul Petitgas , René Bun , Babacar Tounkara , Catherine Simac , Antoine Bertolotti , Patrice Poubeau , Yatrika Koumar , Rodolphe Manaquin , Kévin Diallo , Fanny Andry
Background
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are associated with complications including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and infections. However, the risk factors for developing DVT specifically during PICC-related infections remain poorly understood.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study in a tertiary-care hospital in Reunion Island, examining adult patients with PICC-related infections between January 2021 and March 2022. Venous Doppler ultrasound results, microbiological data, and clinical variables were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with PICC-related DVT.
Results
Among 63 patients with PICC-related infections, 40 underwent Doppler ultrasound examinations, with 12 (19 %) diagnosed with PICC-DVT. Infections with Staphylococcus aureus (P = 0.05) and local signs (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with PICC-DVT. Enterobacterales were the predominant pathogens (42.5 %). The incidence rate of PICC-DVT was 5.0/1000 catheter-days in patients with PICC-related infections.
Conclusions
Staphylococcus aureus infection and local signs are associated with PICC-DVT. Our findings suggest that these factors should be considered when managing patients with PICC-related infections. Prospective studies are needed to develop clinical prediction tools to identify which patients would benefit most from Doppler ultrasound.
{"title":"Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis during peripherally inserted central catheter-related infections: A retrospective study","authors":"Paul Petitgas , René Bun , Babacar Tounkara , Catherine Simac , Antoine Bertolotti , Patrice Poubeau , Yatrika Koumar , Rodolphe Manaquin , Kévin Diallo , Fanny Andry","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are associated with complications including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and infections. However, the risk factors for developing DVT specifically during PICC-related infections remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective observational study in a tertiary-care hospital in Reunion Island, examining adult patients with PICC-related infections between January 2021 and March 2022. Venous Doppler ultrasound results, microbiological data, and clinical variables were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with PICC-related DVT.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 63 patients with PICC-related infections, 40 underwent Doppler ultrasound examinations, with 12 (19 %) diagnosed with PICC-DVT. Infections with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.05) and local signs (<em>P</em> = 0.04) were significantly associated with PICC-DVT. <em>Enterobacterales</em> were the predominant pathogens (42.5 %). The incidence rate of PICC-DVT was 5.0/1000 catheter-days in patients with PICC-related infections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infection and local signs are associated with PICC-DVT. Our findings suggest that these factors should be considered when managing patients with PICC-related infections. Prospective studies are needed to develop clinical prediction tools to identify which patients would benefit most from Doppler ultrasound.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105175
Jean-Philippe Lanoix
Introduction
Antibiotic misuse is a global threat and a public health priority. In 2002, France launched what has, up until now, been the best marketing campaign on antibiotics addressed to the general public.
Patients and method
To explore general public knowledge and possible regional factors contributing to antibiotic overuse, we performed a nation-wide quantitative survey (quota methods) of the general public (n = 1200) and general practitioners (n = 301) on their use (or prescription) and knowledge on antibiotics.
Results
Overall, general public knowledge on antibiotics remains low, while and demand is high, a finding confirmed by GPs who feel strongly impelled to prescribe antibiotics. The younger generation (<35-years-old) know less about antibiotics than the older generation (>60-years-old), and manifest greater demand for antibiotics. In our survey, only 49 % of the younger population seemed aware of the fact that antibiotics work on bacteria alone, as opposed to 64 % of the older population (p < 0.001). Another example: 59 % of the respondents thought that it was good to keep antibiotics at home or that taking antibiotics helps to heal faster, as opposed to 26 % of the older population (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, inhabitants of a high-prescribing region were neither worse nor better informed than the rest of the French population.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our study underscores limited knowledge of antibiotics of the younger population, raising questions on how to effectively reach them. As if the case with other public health messages; large-scale nationwide educational program is deeply needed to reach members of all generations: at school, at university, at work and on the social media.
{"title":"Knowledge of the French public on antibiotics: where do we stand, twenty years after the celebrated public health campaign “Antibiotics are not Automatic”?","authors":"Jean-Philippe Lanoix","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Antibiotic misuse is a global threat and a public health priority. In 2002, France launched what has, up until now, been the best marketing campaign on antibiotics addressed to the general public.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and method</h3><div>To explore general public knowledge and possible regional factors contributing to antibiotic overuse, we performed a nation-wide quantitative survey (quota methods) of the general public (n = 1200) and general practitioners (n = 301) on their use (or prescription) and knowledge on antibiotics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, general public knowledge on antibiotics remains low, while and demand is high, a finding confirmed by GPs who feel strongly impelled to prescribe antibiotics. The younger generation (<35-years-old) know less about antibiotics than the older generation (>60-years-old), and manifest greater demand for antibiotics. In our survey, only 49 % of the younger population seemed aware of the fact that antibiotics work on bacteria alone, as opposed to 64 % of the older population (p < 0.001). Another example: 59 % of the respondents thought that it was good to keep antibiotics at home or that taking antibiotics helps to heal faster, as opposed to 26 % of the older population (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, inhabitants of a high-prescribing region were neither worse nor better informed than the rest of the French population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, our study underscores limited knowledge of antibiotics of the younger population, raising questions on how to effectively reach them. As if the case with other public health messages; large-scale nationwide educational program is deeply needed to reach members of all generations: at school, at university, at work and on the social media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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