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A Nearly Tight Lower Bound for the d-Dimensional Cow-Path Problem d维牛道问题的近紧下界
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2209.08427
N. Bansal, John Kuszmaul, William Kuszmaul
In the $d$-dimensional cow-path problem, a cow living in $mathbb{R}^d$ must locate a $(d - 1)$-dimensional hyperplane $H$ whose location is unknown. The only way that the cow can find $H$ is to roam $mathbb{R}^d$ until it intersects $mathcal{H}$. If the cow travels a total distance $s$ to locate a hyperplane $H$ whose distance from the origin was $r ge 1$, then the cow is said to achieve competitive ratio $s / r$. It is a classic result that, in $mathbb{R}^2$, the optimal (deterministic) competitive ratio is $9$. In $mathbb{R}^3$, the optimal competitive ratio is known to be at most $approx 13.811$. But in higher dimensions, the asymptotic relationship between $d$ and the optimal competitive ratio remains an open question. The best upper and lower bounds, due to Antoniadis et al., are $O(d^{3/2})$ and $Omega(d)$, leaving a gap of roughly $sqrt{d}$. In this note, we achieve a stronger lower bound of $tilde{Omega}(d^{3/2})$.
在$d$维牛道问题中,居住在$mathbb{R}^d$的牛必须找到一个位置未知的$(d - 1)$维超平面$H$。母牛能找到$H$的唯一方法是在$mathbb{R}^d$上漫游,直到它与$mathcal{H}$相交。如果牛走了总距离$s$找到了一个超平面$H$,这个超平面到原点的距离为$r ge 1$,那么这头牛就达到了竞争比$s / r$。这是一个经典的结果,在$mathbb{R}^2$中,最优(确定性)竞争比是$9$。在$mathbb{R}^3$中,已知最优竞争比最多为$approx 13.811$。但在更高的维度,$d$与最优竞争比之间的渐近关系仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。Antoniadis等人给出的最佳上界和下界分别是$O(d^{3/2})$和$Omega(d)$,剩下的差距大致为$sqrt{d}$。在本文中,我们得到了$tilde{Omega}(d^{3/2})$的一个更强的下界。
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引用次数: 0
Recognizing well-dominated graphs is coNP-complete 识别良好支配图是conp完备的
Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2208.08864
A. Agrawal, H. Fernau, P. Kindermann, Kevin Mann, U. Souza
A graph $G$ is well-covered if every minimal vertex cover of $G$ is minimum, and a graph $G$ is well-dominated if every minimal dominating set of $G$ is minimum. Studies on well-covered graphs were initiated in [Plummer, JCT 1970], and well-dominated graphs were first introduced in [Finbow, Hartnell and Nowakow, AC 1988]. Well-dominated graphs are well-covered, and both classes have been widely studied in the literature. The recognition of well-covered graphs was proved coNP-complete by [Chv'atal and Slater, AODM 1993] and by [Sankaranarayana and Stewart, Networks 1992], but the complexity of recognizing well-dominated graphs has been left open since their introduction. We close this complexity gap by proving that recognizing well-dominated graphs is coNP-complete. This solves a well-known open question (c.f. [Levit and Tankus, DM 2017] and [G"{o}z"{u}pek, Hujdurovic and Milaniv{c}, DMTCS 2017]), which was first asked in [Caro, SebH{o} and Tarsi, JAlg 1996]. Surprisingly, our proof is quite simple, although it was a long-standing open problem. Finally, we show that recognizing well-totally-dominated graphs is coNP-complete, answering a question of [Bahadir, Ekim, and G"oz"upek, AMC 2021].
如果图$G$的每一个极小顶点覆盖都是最小的,则图$G$是良支配的,如果图$G$的每一个极小支配集都是最小的,则图$G$是良支配的。对完备覆盖图的研究始于[Plummer, JCT 1970],完备支配图的研究始于[Finbow, Hartnell and Nowakow, AC 1988]。良好支配图被很好地覆盖,这两类都在文献中得到了广泛的研究。[Chv'atal and Slater, AODM 1993]和[Sankaranarayana and Stewart, Networks 1992]证明了对完全覆盖图的识别,但识别良好支配图的复杂性自引入以来一直是开放的。我们通过证明识别良好支配图是conp完全来缩小这种复杂性差距。这解决了一个众所周知的开放问题(c.f. [Levit and Tankus, DM 2017]和[G“{o}z”{u}pek, Hujdurovic and Milaniv{c}, DMTCS 2017]),该问题首次在[Caro, SebH{o} and Tarsi, JAlg 1996]中提出。令人惊讶的是,我们的证明非常简单,尽管这是一个长期存在的开放性问题。最后,我们证明了识别完全支配的图是conp完全的,回答了[Bahadir, Ekim, and G“oz”upek, AMC 2021]的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Simplicity in Eulerian Circuits: Uniqueness and Safety 欧拉电路的简单性:唯一性和安全性
Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2208.08522
Nidia Obscura Acosta, Alexandru I. Tomescu
An Eulerian circuit in a directed graph is one of the most fundamental Graph Theory notions. Detecting if a graph $G$ has a unique Eulerian circuit can be done in polynomial time via the BEST theorem by de Bruijn, van Aardenne-Ehrenfest, Smith and Tutte, 1941-1951 (involving counting arborescences), or via a tailored characterization by Pevzner, 1989 (involving computing the intersection graph of simple cycles of $G$), both of which thus rely on overly complex notions for the simpler uniqueness problem. In this paper we give a new linear-time checkable characterization of directed graphs with a unique Eulerian circuit. This is based on a simple condition of when two edges must appear consecutively in all Eulerian circuits, in terms of cut nodes of the underlying undirected graph of $G$. As a by-product, we can also compute in linear-time all maximal $textit{safe}$ walks appearing in all Eulerian circuits, for which Nagarajan and Pop proposed in 2009 a polynomial-time algorithm based on Pevzner characterization.
有向图中的欧拉电路是图论中最基本的概念之一。检测图$G$是否具有唯一的欧拉电路可以通过de Bruijn, van Aardenne-Ehrenfest, Smith和Tutte(1941-1951)的BEST定理在多项式时间内完成(涉及计算树形),或者通过Pevzner(1989)的定制表征(涉及计算$G$的简单循环的相交图),两者都依赖于过于复杂的概念来解决更简单的唯一性问题。本文给出了具有唯一欧拉电路的有向图的一个新的线性时间可检性表征。这是基于一个简单的条件,即当两条边必须在所有欧拉电路中连续出现时,就底层无向图$G$的切割节点而言。作为副产品,我们还可以在线性时间内计算所有欧拉电路中出现的所有极大$textit{safe}$行走,为此Nagarajan和Pop在2009年提出了基于Pevzner表征的多项式时间算法。
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引用次数: 2
The odd chromatic number of a toroidal graph is at most 9 环面图的奇色数不超过9
Pub Date : 2022-06-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4162553
Fang Tian, Yuxue Yin
It's well known that every planar graph is $4$-colorable. A toroidal graph is a graph that can be embedded on a torus. It's proved that every toroidal graph is $7$-colorable. A proper coloring of a graph is called emph{odd} if every non-isolated vertex has at least one color that appears an odd number of times in its neighborhood. The smallest number of colors that admits an odd coloring of a graph $ G $ is denoted by $chi_{o}(G)$. In this paper, we prove that if $G$ is tortoidal, then $chi_{o}left({G}right)le9$; Note that $K_7$ is a toroidal graph, the upper bound is no less than $7$.
众所周知,每个平面图都是$4$ -可着色的。环面图是一种可以嵌入在环面上的图。证明了每个环面图都是$7$ -可着色的。如果每个非孤立顶点在其邻域中至少有一种颜色出现奇数次,则图的适当着色称为emph{奇数}。图中允许奇数颜色的最小颜色数$ G $用$chi_{o}(G)$表示。本文证明了如果$G$是龟形的,则$chi_{o}left({G}right)le9$;注意$K_7$是一个环面图,其上界不小于$7$。
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引用次数: 2
On the Parameterized Complexity of the Maximum Exposure Problem 最大曝光问题的参数化复杂度
Pub Date : 2022-03-21 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2203.11114
Remi Raman, S. ShahinJohnJ, R. Subashini, Subhasree Methirumangalath
We investigate the parameterized complexity of Maximum Exposure Problem (MEP). Given a range space (R, P ) where R is the set of ranges containing a set P of points, and an integer k, MEP asks for k ranges which on removal results in the maximum number of exposed points. A point p is said to be exposed when p is not contained in any of the ranges inR. The problem is known to be NP-hard. In this letter, we give fixed-parameter tractable results of MEP with respect to different parameterizations.
研究了最大暴露问题(MEP)的参数化复杂度。给定一个值域空间(R, P),其中R是包含P个点的值域的集合,以及一个整数k, MEP要求k个值域,这些值域在移除时导致暴露点的最大数量。当p不包含在inR的任何范围中时,点p被称为暴露。这个问题被称为NP-hard。在这封信中,我们给出了关于不同参数化的固定参数可处理的MEP结果。
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引用次数: 0
Algorithms with improved delay for enumerating connected induced subgraphs of a large cardinality 具有改进延迟的大基数连通诱导子图枚举算法
Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4150167
Shanshan Wang, Chenglong Xiao, E. Casseau
The problem of enumerating all connected induced subgraphs of a given order $k$ from a given graph arises in many practical applications: bioinformatics, information retrieval, processor design,to name a few. The upper bound on the number of connected induced subgraphs of order $k$ is $ncdotfrac{(eDelta)^{k}}{(Delta-1)k}$, where $Delta$ is the maximum degree in the input graph $G$ and $n$ is the number of vertices in $G$. In this short communication, we first introduce a new neighborhood operator that is the key to design reverse search algorithms for enumerating all connected induced subgraphs of order $k$. Based on the proposed neighborhood operator, three algorithms with delay of $O(kcdot min{(n-k),kDelta}cdot(klog{Delta}+log{n}))$, $O(kcdot min{(n-k),kDelta}cdot n)$ and $O(k^2cdot min{(n-k),kDelta}cdot min{k,Delta})$ respectively are proposed. The first two algorithms require exponential space to improve upon the current best delay bound $O(k^2Delta)$cite{4} for this problem in the case $k>frac{nlog{Delta}-log{n}-Delta+sqrt{nlog{n}log{Delta}}}{log{Delta}}$ and $k>frac{n^2}{n+Delta}$ respectively.
从给定图中枚举给定顺序的所有连接的诱导子图$k$的问题出现在许多实际应用中:生物信息学,信息检索,处理器设计,仅举几例。阶为$k$的连通诱导子图个数的上界为$ncdotfrac{(eDelta)^{k}}{(Delta-1)k}$,其中$Delta$为输入图$G$中的最大度,$n$为$G$中的顶点数。在这篇简短的通信中,我们首先引入了一个新的邻域算子,它是设计反向搜索算法的关键,用于枚举顺序为$k$的所有连接的诱导子图。基于所提出的邻域算子,提出了延迟分别为$O(kcdot min{(n-k),kDelta}cdot(klog{Delta}+log{n}))$、$O(kcdot min{(n-k),kDelta}cdot n)$和$O(k^2cdot min{(n-k),kDelta}cdot min{k,Delta})$的三种算法。在$k>frac{nlog{Delta}-log{n}-Delta+sqrt{nlog{n}log{Delta}}}{log{Delta}}$和$k>frac{n^2}{n+Delta}$的情况下,前两种算法需要指数空间来改进当前最佳延迟界$O(k^2Delta)$cite{4}。
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引用次数: 0
Instability results for Euclidean distance, nearest neighbor search on high dimensional Gaussian data 欧几里德距离的不稳定性结果,在高维高斯数据上的最近邻搜索
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.IPL.2021.106115
C. Giannella
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引用次数: 13
Tight FPT Approximation for Socially Fair Clustering 社会公平聚类的严格FPT近似
Pub Date : 2021-06-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4226483
Dishant Goyal, Ragesh Jaiswal
In this work, we study the socially fair $k$-median/$k$-means problem. We are given a set of points $P$ in a metric space $mathcal{X}$ with a distance function $d(.,.)$. There are $ell$ groups: $P_1,dotsc,P_{ell} subseteq P$. We are also given a set $F$ of feasible centers in $mathcal{X}$. The goal in the socially fair $k$-median problem is to find a set $C subseteq F$ of $k$ centers that minimizes the maximum average cost over all the groups. That is, find $C$ that minimizes the objective function $Phi(C,P) equiv max_{j} Big{ sum_{x in P_j} d(C,x)/|P_j| Big}$, where $d(C,x)$ is the distance of $x$ to the closest center in $C$. The socially fair $k$-means problem is defined similarly by using squared distances, i.e., $d^{2}(.,.)$ instead of $d(.,.)$. The current best approximation guarantee for both the problems is $Oleft( frac{log ell}{log log ell} right)$ due to Makarychev and Vakilian [COLT 2021]. In this work, we study the fixed parameter tractability of the problems with respect to parameter $k$. We design $(3+varepsilon)$ and $(9 + varepsilon)$ approximation algorithms for the socially fair $k$-median and $k$-means problems, respectively, in FPT (fixed parameter tractable) time $f(k,varepsilon) cdot n^{O(1)}$, where $f(k,varepsilon) = (k/varepsilon)^{{O}(k)}$ and $n = |P cup F|$. Furthermore, we show that if Gap-ETH holds, then better approximation guarantees are not possible in FPT time.
在这项工作中,我们研究了社会公平$k$ -中位数/ $k$ -均值问题。我们在度量空间$mathcal{X}$中给定一组点$P$,其距离函数为$d(.,.)$。有$ell$组:$P_1,dotsc,P_{ell} subseteq P$。并给出了$mathcal{X}$中可行中心的一组$F$。社会公平$k$ -中值问题的目标是找到一组$C subseteq F$的$k$中心,使所有群体的最大平均成本最小化。也就是说,找到最小化目标函数$Phi(C,P) equiv max_{j} Big{ sum_{x in P_j} d(C,x)/|P_j| Big}$的$C$,其中$d(C,x)$是$x$到$C$中最近的中心的距离。社会公平$k$ -均值问题同样通过使用平方距离来定义,即$d^{2}(.,.)$而不是$d(.,.)$。目前这两个问题的最佳近似保证是$Oleft( frac{log ell}{log log ell} right)$,这是由Makarychev和Vakilian提出的[COLT 2021]。在这项工作中,我们研究了关于参数$k$的问题的固定参数可跟踪性。在FPT(固定参数可处理)时间$f(k,varepsilon) cdot n^{O(1)}$,我们分别为社会公平的$k$ -中位数和$k$ -均值问题设计了$(3+varepsilon)$和$(9 + varepsilon)$近似算法,其中$f(k,varepsilon) = (k/varepsilon)^{{O}(k)}$和$n = |P cup F|$。进一步,我们证明了如果Gap-ETH成立,那么在FPT时间内不可能有更好的近似保证。
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引用次数: 6
A note on the concrete hardness of the shortest independent vector in lattices 关于格中最短独立向量的具体硬度的注释
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipl.2020.106065
Divesh Aggarwal, E. Chung
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引用次数: 7
A lower bound for the coverability problem in acyclic pushdown VAS 非循环下推VAS可复性问题的下界
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipl.2020.106079
Matthias Englert, Piotr Hofman, S. Lasota, R. Lazic, Jérôme Leroux, Juliusz Straszynski
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Inf. Process. Lett.
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