Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827847
Dongdong Jiang, Xiaoyan Huang, Yelong Yu, Zhaokai Li, Zixuan Liu
In this paper, considering the effect of iron saturation and motor drive system, a decoupling demagnetization analysis model is proposed to efficiently analyze the demagnetization of outer rotor in-wheel motor under braking condition. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by the direct co-simulation model and the simulation speed is more than 100 times faster. Then, the max demagnetization ratio (MDR) and the average demagnetization ratio (ADR) of various current amplitudes and angles are evaluated explicitly to analyze the influence of different dq-axis current on demagnetization. It is found that both large current amplitude and demagnetizing magnet field will intensify the demagnetization level. The influence of PWM switching frequency, drive performance, motor speed and moment of inertia on demagnetization are analyzed. It is concluded that higher PWM switching frequency, smaller current amplitude overshoot and smaller demagnetizing magnet field in motor drive can effectively reduce demagnetization under braking condition.
{"title":"Accurate Demagnetization Analysis of Outer Rotor In-wheel Motor Under Braking Condition","authors":"Dongdong Jiang, Xiaoyan Huang, Yelong Yu, Zhaokai Li, Zixuan Liu","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827847","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, considering the effect of iron saturation and motor drive system, a decoupling demagnetization analysis model is proposed to efficiently analyze the demagnetization of outer rotor in-wheel motor under braking condition. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by the direct co-simulation model and the simulation speed is more than 100 times faster. Then, the max demagnetization ratio (MDR) and the average demagnetization ratio (ADR) of various current amplitudes and angles are evaluated explicitly to analyze the influence of different dq-axis current on demagnetization. It is found that both large current amplitude and demagnetizing magnet field will intensify the demagnetization level. The influence of PWM switching frequency, drive performance, motor speed and moment of inertia on demagnetization are analyzed. It is concluded that higher PWM switching frequency, smaller current amplitude overshoot and smaller demagnetizing magnet field in motor drive can effectively reduce demagnetization under braking condition.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124172101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827838
Aitor Casado Ramoneda, M. Kleijer, D. Krop, E. Lomonova
This paper presents an efficient modeling framework to evaluate different novel magnet array architectures for a Dual Layer Planar Motor. The presented tool is semi-analytical: the flux densities are obtained analytically based on the Magnetic Charge Modeling method and the electromagnetic forces are derived numerically utilizing the Maxwell Stress Tensor. The proposed model improves the computation time compared to Finite Element Method with a maximum factor of 20 and is utilized to vary the configuration of the magnet array such that the secondary magnetization patterns of the quasi-Halbach array fully utilize the available space. Different configurations are analyzed in order to enhance the levitation and thrust-forces, while curtailing the magnet array bending.
{"title":"Efficient Modeling Framework for the Synthesis of a Novel Magnet Array for Planar Motors","authors":"Aitor Casado Ramoneda, M. Kleijer, D. Krop, E. Lomonova","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827838","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an efficient modeling framework to evaluate different novel magnet array architectures for a Dual Layer Planar Motor. The presented tool is semi-analytical: the flux densities are obtained analytically based on the Magnetic Charge Modeling method and the electromagnetic forces are derived numerically utilizing the Maxwell Stress Tensor. The proposed model improves the computation time compared to Finite Element Method with a maximum factor of 20 and is utilized to vary the configuration of the magnet array such that the secondary magnetization patterns of the quasi-Halbach array fully utilize the available space. Different configurations are analyzed in order to enhance the levitation and thrust-forces, while curtailing the magnet array bending.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123474439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827799
A. Hagisaka, I. Yamada, S. Niwa, S. Shiota, Y. Gao, Y. Gotoh
It is important to detect the rear side corrosion and defect of steel plates used in large structures, etc. Generally, the radiation transmission inspection method or the ultrasonic flaw detection tests are widely used for the detection of a defect in steel. However, the former inspection method is required a long inspection time and a lot of cost for equipment. In the latter method, the contact catalysts such as water or grease are required and the surface of the steel plate needs to be polished. In this research, the detection method of the rear side defect in the steel plate by applying vibration due to electromagnetic force and measuring its vibration is proposed. The proposed inspection sensor consists of a permanent magnet, an alternating excitation coil using a steady exciting frequency, and a vibration sensor. The rear side defect in the steel plate is evaluated by the excitation frequency component of the measured vibration intensity using the vibration sensor. The vibration distribution by the electromagnetic force in the steel plate with and without the defect is evaluated by the electromagnetic 3D-FEM analysis considering the non-linearity of the magnetic characteristics and the displacement 3D-FEM analysis.
{"title":"Proposal of inspection method for rear side defect in steel plate using electromagnetic force vibration","authors":"A. Hagisaka, I. Yamada, S. Niwa, S. Shiota, Y. Gao, Y. Gotoh","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827799","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to detect the rear side corrosion and defect of steel plates used in large structures, etc. Generally, the radiation transmission inspection method or the ultrasonic flaw detection tests are widely used for the detection of a defect in steel. However, the former inspection method is required a long inspection time and a lot of cost for equipment. In the latter method, the contact catalysts such as water or grease are required and the surface of the steel plate needs to be polished. In this research, the detection method of the rear side defect in the steel plate by applying vibration due to electromagnetic force and measuring its vibration is proposed. The proposed inspection sensor consists of a permanent magnet, an alternating excitation coil using a steady exciting frequency, and a vibration sensor. The rear side defect in the steel plate is evaluated by the excitation frequency component of the measured vibration intensity using the vibration sensor. The vibration distribution by the electromagnetic force in the steel plate with and without the defect is evaluated by the electromagnetic 3D-FEM analysis considering the non-linearity of the magnetic characteristics and the displacement 3D-FEM analysis.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122859524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827714
L. Sethuraman, G. Vijayakumar
Minimizing the mass in electric machines while maintaining superior performance is a new requirement for the advancement of drivetrains used in wind energy and electric mobility. Topology optimization (TO) for lightweighting electric machines using traditional approaches typically explores a restricted design space allowed by standard parametrizable geometry and manufacturing, while advanced methods, such as cell-based density approaches, suffer from a lack of robust manufacturability constraints during the optimization process. To overcome these drawbacks, we explore a grid-independent, boundary optimization where the outer shape of the magnet is parameterized using Bézier curves. We conduct a design of experiments (DOE) to study the effect of different magnet shapes on machine performance by varying the control points on the Bézier curves. A machine-learning-based surrogate model is constructed using the data from the DOE to quantify the relationship between the control points, air-gap torque, and mass. The control points are then optimized to maximize the torque density. The approach is used for minimizing electrical steel mass in the International Energy Agency (IEA) 15-MW radial flux direct-drive wind turbine generator. The new approach to shape optimization resulted in smooth and concise shapes that can be easily additively manufactured with up to a 20-ton reduction in electrical steel mass.
{"title":"A new shape optimization approach for lightweighting electric machines inspired by additive manufacturing","authors":"L. Sethuraman, G. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827714","url":null,"abstract":"Minimizing the mass in electric machines while maintaining superior performance is a new requirement for the advancement of drivetrains used in wind energy and electric mobility. Topology optimization (TO) for lightweighting electric machines using traditional approaches typically explores a restricted design space allowed by standard parametrizable geometry and manufacturing, while advanced methods, such as cell-based density approaches, suffer from a lack of robust manufacturability constraints during the optimization process. To overcome these drawbacks, we explore a grid-independent, boundary optimization where the outer shape of the magnet is parameterized using Bézier curves. We conduct a design of experiments (DOE) to study the effect of different magnet shapes on machine performance by varying the control points on the Bézier curves. A machine-learning-based surrogate model is constructed using the data from the DOE to quantify the relationship between the control points, air-gap torque, and mass. The control points are then optimized to maximize the torque density. The approach is used for minimizing electrical steel mass in the International Energy Agency (IEA) 15-MW radial flux direct-drive wind turbine generator. The new approach to shape optimization resulted in smooth and concise shapes that can be easily additively manufactured with up to a 20-ton reduction in electrical steel mass.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127124018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827839
Ali Muhammad, F. Khan, Basharat Ullah, M. Yousuf, S. Hussain
A new permanent magnet transverse flux generator (PMTFG) is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed topology consists of 8 semi-closed stator cores having pole shoe to enhance flux linkage. Using viable space in stator cores, the double coil is used in armature winding to enhance back-emf and make it fault-tolerant. The rotor consists of only permanent magnets (PMs), 16 in number, placed in an aluminum housing. Production complexity and rotor mass are reduced, resulting in a greater active power density. A 3D finite-element model (FEM) is created to validate the design's feasibility and evaluate its electromagnetic performance. The no-load flux linkage, cogging torque, and back-emf are computed using 3D FEM. Meanwhile, output current, output power, losses, efficiency, and power density at various loads are investigated for load analysis. The FEM analysis indicates that by using this topology, 1.5 times better power density can be achieved by reducing stator cores and rotor magnets by 33% as compared to conventional design in literature. The performance results obtained from experimental results validate the FEM analysis previews well.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Semi-Closed C-Core Permanent Magnet Transverse Flux Generator","authors":"Ali Muhammad, F. Khan, Basharat Ullah, M. Yousuf, S. Hussain","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827839","url":null,"abstract":"A new permanent magnet transverse flux generator (PMTFG) is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed topology consists of 8 semi-closed stator cores having pole shoe to enhance flux linkage. Using viable space in stator cores, the double coil is used in armature winding to enhance back-emf and make it fault-tolerant. The rotor consists of only permanent magnets (PMs), 16 in number, placed in an aluminum housing. Production complexity and rotor mass are reduced, resulting in a greater active power density. A 3D finite-element model (FEM) is created to validate the design's feasibility and evaluate its electromagnetic performance. The no-load flux linkage, cogging torque, and back-emf are computed using 3D FEM. Meanwhile, output current, output power, losses, efficiency, and power density at various loads are investigated for load analysis. The FEM analysis indicates that by using this topology, 1.5 times better power density can be achieved by reducing stator cores and rotor magnets by 33% as compared to conventional design in literature. The performance results obtained from experimental results validate the FEM analysis previews well.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124376881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827789
Hao Jiang, Zhenzhong Su, Dong Wang, Chao Wu, Zhi Li
In order to overcome the large axial thrust generated by the working substance (steam or gas, etc) of turbomachinery, an asymmetric axial magnetic bearing (AAMB) is proposed. Firstly, the topology and features of the AAMB are introduced. The magnetic circuit model of the AAMB is established by the reluctance network method. Secondly, the constraints such as the load capacity and dimensions are considered. Then we take the shortest axial length as the optimization goal to design the AAMB, and the design scheme is obtained through genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the supporting characteristics of the AAMB are verified by finite element method (FEM). The result shows that the overall axial length of the AAMB is less than 82.1 mm of that in the traditional design scheme.
{"title":"Optimization Design of Asymmetric Axial Magnetic Bearing with Unidirectional Large Bearing Capacity for Turbomachinery","authors":"Hao Jiang, Zhenzhong Su, Dong Wang, Chao Wu, Zhi Li","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827789","url":null,"abstract":"In order to overcome the large axial thrust generated by the working substance (steam or gas, etc) of turbomachinery, an asymmetric axial magnetic bearing (AAMB) is proposed. Firstly, the topology and features of the AAMB are introduced. The magnetic circuit model of the AAMB is established by the reluctance network method. Secondly, the constraints such as the load capacity and dimensions are considered. Then we take the shortest axial length as the optimization goal to design the AAMB, and the design scheme is obtained through genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the supporting characteristics of the AAMB are verified by finite element method (FEM). The result shows that the overall axial length of the AAMB is less than 82.1 mm of that in the traditional design scheme.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133119387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827879
Emily Lindgren, Yuri Suzuki
We have stabilized epitaxial oxide thin films of transparent, magnetic Ru-doped BaSnO3. Films were grown by pulsed laser deposition and exhibited excellent epitaxy and crystallinity as determined by x-ray diffraction. Epitaxial films of Ru doped BaSnO3 were grown with a ceramic target of nominally 4% Ru doping on the Sn site but resulted in 3% Ru doping in the films. Paramagnetic behavior is observed in all films with a Curie law dependence on temperature. The field dependence of the magnetization shows a paramagnetic moment that saturates at a value consistent with low spin Ru. Films are also found to be transparent in the visible regime. Together these results demonstrate the realization of highly crystalline, transparent, paramagnetic, epitaxial doped BaSnO3 films.
{"title":"Magnetism and Optical Transparency in Ru-doped BaSnO3 Epitaxial Thin Films","authors":"Emily Lindgren, Yuri Suzuki","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827879","url":null,"abstract":"We have stabilized epitaxial oxide thin films of transparent, magnetic Ru-doped BaSnO3. Films were grown by pulsed laser deposition and exhibited excellent epitaxy and crystallinity as determined by x-ray diffraction. Epitaxial films of Ru doped BaSnO3 were grown with a ceramic target of nominally 4% Ru doping on the Sn site but resulted in 3% Ru doping in the films. Paramagnetic behavior is observed in all films with a Curie law dependence on temperature. The field dependence of the magnetization shows a paramagnetic moment that saturates at a value consistent with low spin Ru. Films are also found to be transparent in the visible regime. Together these results demonstrate the realization of highly crystalline, transparent, paramagnetic, epitaxial doped BaSnO3 films.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123497432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827802
R. Hamidouche, S. Mezani, T. Lubin, T. Hamiti
This paper deals with electromagnetic and thermal modelling of wound rotor synchronous machine for automotive applications. Analytical electromagnetic model allows accurate and fast computations of machine performances compared to FE model. $3mathrm{D}$ lumped parameters thermal model is constructed to evaluate transient and steady state machine temperatures. This model is also precise and fast compared to 3D FE computations.
{"title":"Analytical Model of Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine for Electric Vehicle Traction","authors":"R. Hamidouche, S. Mezani, T. Lubin, T. Hamiti","doi":"10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/intermag39746.2022.9827802","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with electromagnetic and thermal modelling of wound rotor synchronous machine for automotive applications. Analytical electromagnetic model allows accurate and fast computations of machine performances compared to FE model. $3mathrm{D}$ lumped parameters thermal model is constructed to evaluate transient and steady state machine temperatures. This model is also precise and fast compared to 3D FE computations.","PeriodicalId":135715,"journal":{"name":"2022 Joint MMM-Intermag Conference (INTERMAG)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131068075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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