Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330084
Alex Mouapi, N. Hakem, N. Kandil
Multistage Voltage Doubler Rectifiers (MVDR) are known to increase the level of the output DC voltage of a Rectifying Antenna (rectenna). However, the RF / DC conversion efficiency is very sensitive to the internal electrical characteristics of the used diode. This paper then proposes an analysis of the performance of an MVDR according to the features of the Schottky diode. A Rectenna Figure of Merit (RFoM), considering the DC output voltage as well as the RF / DC conversion efficiency, is defined to analyze MVDRs with up to ten stages. This analysis makes it possible to obtain that the most effective rectifier diode differs depending on the number of stages of the rectifier. More specifically, it is observed that, for two stages, the most efficient diode is the Schottky diode HSMS2820. For MVDR with more than five stages, the SMS 7630 diode is more suitable for low input power levels (less than 5 dBm). It is also observed that, for power levels higher than 5 dBm, the HSMS2850 diode offers the best compromise in terms of output DC voltage and conversion efficiency.
{"title":"Analysis of Schottky Multistage Voltage Doubler Rectifiers for RF Energy Harvesting Applications","authors":"Alex Mouapi, N. Hakem, N. Kandil","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330084","url":null,"abstract":"Multistage Voltage Doubler Rectifiers (MVDR) are known to increase the level of the output DC voltage of a Rectifying Antenna (rectenna). However, the RF / DC conversion efficiency is very sensitive to the internal electrical characteristics of the used diode. This paper then proposes an analysis of the performance of an MVDR according to the features of the Schottky diode. A Rectenna Figure of Merit (RFoM), considering the DC output voltage as well as the RF / DC conversion efficiency, is defined to analyze MVDRs with up to ten stages. This analysis makes it possible to obtain that the most effective rectifier diode differs depending on the number of stages of the rectifier. More specifically, it is observed that, for two stages, the most efficient diode is the Schottky diode HSMS2820. For MVDR with more than five stages, the SMS 7630 diode is more suitable for low input power levels (less than 5 dBm). It is also observed that, for power levels higher than 5 dBm, the HSMS2850 diode offers the best compromise in terms of output DC voltage and conversion efficiency.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123468388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330153
Junwen Tang, Shenheng Xu, Fan Yang
The design of a novel reconfigurable transmitarray (RTA) element with 2-bit phase resolution is proposed. The 2.5-D receiver-transmitter transmitarray structure is adopted. In addition to the 1-bit current reversible dipole, it fully utilizes the longitudinal space for housing an additional 90° digital phase shifter based on a quadrature hybrid coupler with two PIN diodes. Full wave simulations under normal and oblique incidence show that the transmission insertion losses for four phase states are 1.1-1.2 dB at 26 GHz, with a 3-dB transmission bandwidth of 18.3%. The RTA element is able to generate stable performance under large incident angles, which makes it suitable for two-dimensional wide-angle beam scanning. The proposed element design has good 2-bit phase tuning capability. The simple structure with only two metallic layers and four PIN diodes effectively reduces the cost. It is believed to have great potentials for future 5G millimeter-wave applications.
{"title":"Design of a 2.5-D 2-Bit Reconfigurable Transmitarray Element for 5G mmWave Applications","authors":"Junwen Tang, Shenheng Xu, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330153","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a novel reconfigurable transmitarray (RTA) element with 2-bit phase resolution is proposed. The 2.5-D receiver-transmitter transmitarray structure is adopted. In addition to the 1-bit current reversible dipole, it fully utilizes the longitudinal space for housing an additional 90° digital phase shifter based on a quadrature hybrid coupler with two PIN diodes. Full wave simulations under normal and oblique incidence show that the transmission insertion losses for four phase states are 1.1-1.2 dB at 26 GHz, with a 3-dB transmission bandwidth of 18.3%. The RTA element is able to generate stable performance under large incident angles, which makes it suitable for two-dimensional wide-angle beam scanning. The proposed element design has good 2-bit phase tuning capability. The simple structure with only two metallic layers and four PIN diodes effectively reduces the cost. It is believed to have great potentials for future 5G millimeter-wave applications.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123650784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330413
Min Li, Muhammad Yasir Jamal, Lijun Jiang, K. Yeung
In this paper, a novel wideband decoupling network (DN) is presented, which consists of two 2-way Wilkinson power dividers (WPDs), three transmission lines, and two reactive components. Rigorous design formulas are presented along with systematic design procedures. The transmission-line lengths and component reactances are precisely calculated to achieve high antenna isolation. Measurement results show that a very wide isolation bandwidth of 23.7% can be achieved after using the proposed DN.
{"title":"A Novel Wideband Decoupling Network for Two Antennas","authors":"Min Li, Muhammad Yasir Jamal, Lijun Jiang, K. Yeung","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330413","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel wideband decoupling network (DN) is presented, which consists of two 2-way Wilkinson power dividers (WPDs), three transmission lines, and two reactive components. Rigorous design formulas are presented along with systematic design procedures. The transmission-line lengths and component reactances are precisely calculated to achieve high antenna isolation. Measurement results show that a very wide isolation bandwidth of 23.7% can be achieved after using the proposed DN.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121223100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329860
Ziyang Zheng, Yulin Fang, Junfa Mao
Standard horn antennas are widely used in antenna measurement setups for transceiver antennas application, whose absolute gain is necessary to be known in order to finally calculate the gain of antennas under test (AUT). Yet, the gain parameters of these horn antennas are often not provided completely by manufacturers and thus should be measured in our own setup. This paper aims to present an Friis-formula-based experimental method by which the gain of a standard horn antenna operating from 50 GHz to 75 GHz can be acquired. The measured gain parameters of all the standard horns covering the 50 GHz to 325 GHz has been used in our regular tests and proved to be convincible, the correctness of the calculated AUT gain in our antenna measurement setup has therefore been improved.
{"title":"Gain Acquisition of a Standard Horn Antenna Through Experimental Method","authors":"Ziyang Zheng, Yulin Fang, Junfa Mao","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329860","url":null,"abstract":"Standard horn antennas are widely used in antenna measurement setups for transceiver antennas application, whose absolute gain is necessary to be known in order to finally calculate the gain of antennas under test (AUT). Yet, the gain parameters of these horn antennas are often not provided completely by manufacturers and thus should be measured in our own setup. This paper aims to present an Friis-formula-based experimental method by which the gain of a standard horn antenna operating from 50 GHz to 75 GHz can be acquired. The measured gain parameters of all the standard horns covering the 50 GHz to 325 GHz has been used in our regular tests and proved to be convincible, the correctness of the calculated AUT gain in our antenna measurement setup has therefore been improved.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121333782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330170
Ryan J. Beneck, D. Werner
Using 3D printing, it is possible to create antenna geometries which are not practically feasible through traditional subtractive manufacturing techniques. There are numerous possible ways to design these geometries, such as body of revolution or extrusion methods. With the aid of multiobjective optimization, these structures can be designed for various goals. Examples include wide bandwidth, high gain, strong circular polarization, and compact size. Additionally, 3D printed antennas can offer reduced cost and weight without compromising these performance goals.
{"title":"Design of Unintuitive Antenna Geometries Using Additive Manufacturing Techniques","authors":"Ryan J. Beneck, D. Werner","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330170","url":null,"abstract":"Using 3D printing, it is possible to create antenna geometries which are not practically feasible through traditional subtractive manufacturing techniques. There are numerous possible ways to design these geometries, such as body of revolution or extrusion methods. With the aid of multiobjective optimization, these structures can be designed for various goals. Examples include wide bandwidth, high gain, strong circular polarization, and compact size. Additionally, 3D printed antennas can offer reduced cost and weight without compromising these performance goals.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114067281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329549
Zongtang Zhang, H. Luyen, J. Booske, N. Behdad
Reconfigurable reflectarrays (RAs) have attracted significant interest as affordable and relatively low-complexity beam scanning antennas for radar and satellite communication applications. We present a dual-band, beam-steerable RA capable of independent beam control at X and Ku bands based on a 1-bit polarization-rotating unit cell (PRUC). Two static versions of the RAs with different beam scanning scenarios are simulated, fabricated and measured. Good beam steering performance with independent beam control at each band is achieved.
{"title":"Dual-Band, Beam-Steerable Reflectarray with Independent Beam Control at X- and Ku-Bands","authors":"Zongtang Zhang, H. Luyen, J. Booske, N. Behdad","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329549","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable reflectarrays (RAs) have attracted significant interest as affordable and relatively low-complexity beam scanning antennas for radar and satellite communication applications. We present a dual-band, beam-steerable RA capable of independent beam control at X and Ku bands based on a 1-bit polarization-rotating unit cell (PRUC). Two static versions of the RAs with different beam scanning scenarios are simulated, fabricated and measured. Good beam steering performance with independent beam control at each band is achieved.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330110
Edward Slevin, Parker J. Singletary, K. Whitmore, B. Gurses, Nathan M. Opalinski, Lee Thompson, M. Cohen, M. Gołkowski
High-speed time-varying electromagnetic systems have recently been able to achieve feats that would otherwise be impossible with conventional steady-state solutions. Broadband electrically-small antennas and nonmagnetic unilateral networks are two such systems that have come to fruition through time-varying electronics. Here, we present work aimed at combining these two capabilities in order to effectively radiate wideband VLF/LF signals from a nonreciprocal electrically-small transmitter. We discuss the theory of operation and detailed FDTD simulations that serve to validate the concept. We also explore preliminary results from a low-power prototype as well as improvements to said prototype made by moving from GaAs to GaN technology. Finally, we demonstrate a successful communication link between the time-varying transmitter and a newly designed VLF/ LF electric field receiver.
{"title":"Broadband VLF/LF Transmission from an Electrically-Small Structure via Time-Varying Antenna Properties","authors":"Edward Slevin, Parker J. Singletary, K. Whitmore, B. Gurses, Nathan M. Opalinski, Lee Thompson, M. Cohen, M. Gołkowski","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330110","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed time-varying electromagnetic systems have recently been able to achieve feats that would otherwise be impossible with conventional steady-state solutions. Broadband electrically-small antennas and nonmagnetic unilateral networks are two such systems that have come to fruition through time-varying electronics. Here, we present work aimed at combining these two capabilities in order to effectively radiate wideband VLF/LF signals from a nonreciprocal electrically-small transmitter. We discuss the theory of operation and detailed FDTD simulations that serve to validate the concept. We also explore preliminary results from a low-power prototype as well as improvements to said prototype made by moving from GaAs to GaN technology. Finally, we demonstrate a successful communication link between the time-varying transmitter and a newly designed VLF/ LF electric field receiver.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116344890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330119
Elliot Lu, C. Piermarocchi, B. Shanker
We simulate the collective emission effect known as superradiance in quantum dots ensembles by considering interactions with their classical radiation reaction field. We show that this reaction field emerges from the secondary radiated field via an expansion of the associated time domain Green's function. Incorporating this reaction field in a Maxwell-Bloch simulation, we reproduce characteristic superradiant behavior.
{"title":"Modeling Radiation Reaction Induced Superradiance in Quantum Dot Systems","authors":"Elliot Lu, C. Piermarocchi, B. Shanker","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330119","url":null,"abstract":"We simulate the collective emission effect known as superradiance in quantum dots ensembles by considering interactions with their classical radiation reaction field. We show that this reaction field emerges from the secondary radiated field via an expansion of the associated time domain Green's function. Incorporating this reaction field in a Maxwell-Bloch simulation, we reproduce characteristic superradiant behavior.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"37 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113944602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330379
Andrew M. Chrysler
A square microstrip patch antenna with a diagonally symmetric rectangular slot is edge-fed with a 50 $Omega$ microstrip line and designed to produce RHCP at 26 GHz. Rectangular slots with lengths from 1.1 mm to 1.7 mm and widths from 0.05 mm to 0.30 mm are considered. Increasing the size of the rectangular slot perimeter improves the impedance match between patch and feed line while reducing resonant frequency. Larger slots are shown to damage the axial ratio. A compromise slot size of 1.4 mm $times 0.20$ mm is suggested with best axial ratio frequency at 24.6 GHz., a minimum axial ratio of 1.27 $mathrm{dB}$, and $S_{11}=-6$. 53 $mathrm{dB}$ at 24.68 GHz. This optimized patch element is designed for use in a $Ntimes N$ array for satellite communication.
{"title":"Design Properties of a 26 GHz Circularly Polarized Square Patch Antenna With Rectangular Slot","authors":"Andrew M. Chrysler","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330379","url":null,"abstract":"A square microstrip patch antenna with a diagonally symmetric rectangular slot is edge-fed with a 50 $Omega$ microstrip line and designed to produce RHCP at 26 GHz. Rectangular slots with lengths from 1.1 mm to 1.7 mm and widths from 0.05 mm to 0.30 mm are considered. Increasing the size of the rectangular slot perimeter improves the impedance match between patch and feed line while reducing resonant frequency. Larger slots are shown to damage the axial ratio. A compromise slot size of 1.4 mm $times 0.20$ mm is suggested with best axial ratio frequency at 24.6 GHz., a minimum axial ratio of 1.27 $mathrm{dB}$, and $S_{11}=-6$. 53 $mathrm{dB}$ at 24.68 GHz. This optimized patch element is designed for use in a $Ntimes N$ array for satellite communication.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114719405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-05DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330161
Toufik Mouchini, K. Ghanem, M. Djeddou, M. Nedil
In this paper, we consider the primary user (PU) detection problem in interweave cognitive networks, in the presence of an impulse noise. Adopting Middleton's Class A distribution for this latter, and a sequential probability ratio test for the PU detection, closed form expressions are derived for the per-sample log likelihood ratio, as well as the average sample numbers under binary hypothesis testing.
{"title":"Sequential detection under impulsive Noise","authors":"Toufik Mouchini, K. Ghanem, M. Djeddou, M. Nedil","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF35879.2020.9330161","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the primary user (PU) detection problem in interweave cognitive networks, in the presence of an impulse noise. Adopting Middleton's Class A distribution for this latter, and a sequential probability ratio test for the PU detection, closed form expressions are derived for the per-sample log likelihood ratio, as well as the average sample numbers under binary hypothesis testing.","PeriodicalId":135770,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114762007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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