Nguyen Van An, Hoang Trung Kien, Le Huy Hoang, Nguyen Hung Cuong, Hoang Xuan Quang, Tuan Dinh Le, Ta Ba Thang, Tien Tran Viet, Luong Cong Thuc, Dinh Viet Hung, Nguyen Hoang Viet, Le Nhat Minh, Vu Huy Luong, Vinh Thi Ha Nguyen, Pham Quynh Hoa, Hai Ha Long Le
Purpose: At a teaching Hospital in Vietnam, the persistently high incidence of diagnosed wound infection poses ongoing challenges to treatment. This study seeks to explore the causative agents of wound infection and their antimicrobial and multidrug resistance patterns. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam. Data on microorganisms that caused wound infection and their antimicrobial resistance patterns was recorded from hospitalized patients from 2014 to 2021. Using the chi-square test, we analyzed the initial isolation from wound infection specimens collected from individual patients. Results: Over a third (34.9%) of wound infection samples yielded bacterial cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacteria, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Worryingly high resistance rates were observed for several antibiotics, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin displayed the highest resistance (91.9%), while colistin and ertapenem remained the most effective. In Gram-positive bacteria, glycopeptides like teicoplanin and vancomycin (0% and 3.3% resistance, respectively) were most effective, but their use was limited. Clindamycin and tetracycline showed decreasing effectiveness. Resistance rates differed between surgical and non-surgical wards, highlighting the complex dynamics of antimicrobial resistance within hospitals. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was substantial, with Gram-negative bacteria exhibiting a 63.6% MDR rate. Acinetobacter baumannii showed the highest MDR rate (88.0%). Conclusion: This study investigated wound infection characteristics, antibiotic resistance patterns of common bacteria, and variations by hospital ward. S. aureus was the most prevalent bacteria, and concerning resistance rates were observed, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria. These findings highlight the prevalence of multidrug resistance in wound infections, emphasizing the importance of infection control measures and judicious antibiotic use.
Keywords: wound infection, multidrug resistance, antimicrobial resistance, AMR in Vietnam
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Pathogens Isolated from Patients with Wound Infection at a Teaching Hospital in Vietnam","authors":"Nguyen Van An, Hoang Trung Kien, Le Huy Hoang, Nguyen Hung Cuong, Hoang Xuan Quang, Tuan Dinh Le, Ta Ba Thang, Tien Tran Viet, Luong Cong Thuc, Dinh Viet Hung, Nguyen Hoang Viet, Le Nhat Minh, Vu Huy Luong, Vinh Thi Ha Nguyen, Pham Quynh Hoa, Hai Ha Long Le","doi":"10.2147/idr.s472025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s472025","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> At a teaching Hospital in Vietnam, the persistently high incidence of diagnosed wound infection poses ongoing challenges to treatment. This study seeks to explore the causative agents of wound infection and their antimicrobial and multidrug resistance patterns.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam. Data on microorganisms that caused wound infection and their antimicrobial resistance patterns was recorded from hospitalized patients from 2014 to 2021. Using the chi-square test, we analyzed the initial isolation from wound infection specimens collected from individual patients.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Over a third (34.9%) of wound infection samples yielded bacterial cultures. <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was the most prevalent bacteria, followed by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Worryingly high resistance rates were observed for several antibiotics, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin displayed the highest resistance (91.9%), while colistin and ertapenem remained the most effective. In Gram-positive bacteria, glycopeptides like teicoplanin and vancomycin (0% and 3.3% resistance, respectively) were most effective, but their use was limited. Clindamycin and tetracycline showed decreasing effectiveness. Resistance rates differed between surgical and non-surgical wards, highlighting the complex dynamics of antimicrobial resistance within hospitals. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was substantial, with Gram-negative bacteria exhibiting a 63.6% MDR rate. <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> showed the highest MDR rate (88.0%).<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study investigated wound infection characteristics, antibiotic resistance patterns of common bacteria, and variations by hospital ward. <em>S. aureus</em> was the most prevalent bacteria, and concerning resistance rates were observed, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria. These findings highlight the prevalence of multidrug resistance in wound infections, emphasizing the importance of infection control measures and judicious antibiotic use.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> wound infection, multidrug resistance, antimicrobial resistance, AMR in Vietnam<br/>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Yan, Rongrong Zheng, Zhongdong Zhang, Jinchuan Shi, Tingbo Yan, Hong Liu, Feng Li
Background:Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of mycobacteria that are commonly found in the environment and can cause disease in humans. The symptoms of NTM infection can be similar to those of tuberculosis, making diagnosis challenging. The morbidity associated with NTM is increasing, and clinical management can be challenging. Case Description: This report details the case of a 32-year-old male who was found to have multiple enlarged and partially necrotic lymph nodes in the neck, axilla, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum. The causative agent was rapidly identified as Mycobacterium paracondontium through pathogen-targeted sequencing (tNGS). After two weeks of treatment with azithromycin, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, and amikacin, the patient’s uncomfortable symptoms had resolved, and he is currently undergoing further review. Conclusion: It is imperative that clinicians remain vigilant for the presence of NTM, particularly those that are rare, given their pervasiveness in the environment. Prompt diagnosis is of paramount importance, and molecular identification techniques represent a crucial tool in this regard. In vitro drug sensitivity testing should be conducted whenever feasible to guarantee the administration of an efficacious treatment regimen.
{"title":"Swollen Necrotic Lymphadenitis Infected with Mycobacterium Paracondontium in an AIDS Patient: a Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Jun Yan, Rongrong Zheng, Zhongdong Zhang, Jinchuan Shi, Tingbo Yan, Hong Liu, Feng Li","doi":"10.2147/idr.s473762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s473762","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> <em>Non-tuberculous mycobacteria</em> (NTM) are a group of mycobacteria that are commonly found in the environment and can cause disease in humans. The symptoms of NTM infection can be similar to those of tuberculosis, making diagnosis challenging. The morbidity associated with NTM is increasing, and clinical management can be challenging.<br/><strong>Case Description:</strong> This report details the case of a 32-year-old male who was found to have multiple enlarged and partially necrotic lymph nodes in the neck, axilla, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum. The causative agent was rapidly identified as <em>Mycobacterium paracondontium</em> through pathogen-targeted sequencing (tNGS). After two weeks of treatment with azithromycin, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, and amikacin, the patient’s uncomfortable symptoms had resolved, and he is currently undergoing further review.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It is imperative that clinicians remain vigilant for the presence of NTM, particularly those that are rare, given their pervasiveness in the environment. Prompt diagnosis is of paramount importance, and molecular identification techniques represent a crucial tool in this regard. In vitro drug sensitivity testing should be conducted whenever feasible to guarantee the administration of an efficacious treatment regimen.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The increasing multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a serious threat to human health. The appropriate use of antibiotics can control the progression of MDR and clinical pharmacists play an important role in the rational use of antibiotics. There are many factors that influence the effectiveness of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) infection consultations. The study aimed to establish a model to predict the outcome of consultation and explore ways to improve clinical pharmacy services. Patients and methods: Patients diagnosed with MDRO infection and consulted by clinical pharmacists were included. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent risk factors for MDRO infection consultation effectiveness, and then a nomogram was constructed and validated. Results: 198 patients were finally included. The number of underlying diseases (OR=1.720, 95% CI: 1.260– 2.348), whether surgery was performed prior to infection (OR=8.853, 95% CI: 2.668– 29.373), ALB level (OR=0.885, 95% CI: 0.805~0.974), pharmacist title (OR=3.463, 95% CI: 1.277~9.396) and whether the recommendation was taken up (OR=0.117, 95% CI: 0.030~0.462) were identified as independent influences on the effectiveness of the consultation. The nomogram prediction model was successfully constructed and the AUC of the training set and the verification set were 0.849 (95% CI: 0.780– 0.917) and 0.761 (95% CI: 0.616– 0.907) respectively. The calibration curves exhibited good overlap between the data predicted by the model and the actual data. Conclusion: A nomogram model was developed to predict the risk of consultation failure and was shown to be good accuracy and good prediction efficiency, which can provide proactive interventions to improve outcomes for potentially treatment ineffective patients.
{"title":"A Nomogram for Predicting the Effectiveness of Consultations on Multi-Drug Resistant Infections: An Exploration for Clinical Pharmacy Services","authors":"Hui Ao, Huizhu Song, Jing Li","doi":"10.2147/idr.s470883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s470883","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose:</strong> The increasing multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a serious threat to human health. The appropriate use of antibiotics can control the progression of MDR and clinical pharmacists play an important role in the rational use of antibiotics. There are many factors that influence the effectiveness of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) infection consultations. The study aimed to establish a model to predict the outcome of consultation and explore ways to improve clinical pharmacy services.<br/><strong>Patients and methods:</strong> Patients diagnosed with MDRO infection and consulted by clinical pharmacists were included. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent risk factors for MDRO infection consultation effectiveness, and then a nomogram was constructed and validated.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> 198 patients were finally included. The number of underlying diseases (OR=1.720, 95% CI: 1.260– 2.348), whether surgery was performed prior to infection (OR=8.853, 95% CI: 2.668– 29.373), ALB level (OR=0.885, 95% CI: 0.805~0.974), pharmacist title (OR=3.463, 95% CI: 1.277~9.396) and whether the recommendation was taken up (OR=0.117, 95% CI: 0.030~0.462) were identified as independent influences on the effectiveness of the consultation. The nomogram prediction model was successfully constructed and the AUC of the training set and the verification set were 0.849 (95% CI: 0.780– 0.917) and 0.761 (95% CI: 0.616– 0.907) respectively. The calibration curves exhibited good overlap between the data predicted by the model and the actual data.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> A nomogram model was developed to predict the risk of consultation failure and was shown to be good accuracy and good prediction efficiency, which can provide proactive interventions to improve outcomes for potentially treatment ineffective patients.<br/><br/><strong>Keywords:</strong> multi-drug resistance, nomogram, clinical pharmacist, consultation, clinical pharmacy services<br/>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S471448
Lantian Xie, Yan Chen, Lifan Zhang, Lidan Zhao, Tao Li, Xiaochun Shi, Xiaoqing Liu
Objective: Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is an important strategy for tuberculosis (TB) control. Rheumatic diseases (RD) patients are at high risk for active TB development. More researches are needed in terms of patient compliance in clinical practice. This study aims to explore the potential difficulties and obstacles in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and TPT in RD patients.
Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit RD outpatients who had indications for LTBI screening and TPT. All participants were given questionnaires on knowledge and attitudes regarding screening and preventive treatment of LTBI.
Results: Of the 200 RD patients, most people were aware that they were at increased risk of ATB due to their rheumatic disease and knew that TB was curable. The main association with willingness to have screening for LTBI was tertiary education (P = 0.013). The main association with willingness to take treatment for LTBI was a sense of personal risk and belief that the treatment would reduce risk of ATB (P < 0.001). More than half of the people surveyed could not accept taking 6 or more pills per day, while more than half of the patients could tolerate a treatment course of 9 months or longer. Most (65.4%) preferred their own rheumatologists to initiate treatment.
Conclusion: Educating RD patients about their individual risks of TB and the side effects of treatment, and educating/empowering rheumatologists to discuss these aspects with their patients and to offer LTBI screening and treatment, may help improve patients' compliance with LTBI screening and TPT.
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitudes About Screening and Preventive Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Patients with Rheumatic Diseases in Beijing, China.","authors":"Lantian Xie, Yan Chen, Lifan Zhang, Lidan Zhao, Tao Li, Xiaochun Shi, Xiaoqing Liu","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S471448","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S471448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is an important strategy for tuberculosis (TB) control. Rheumatic diseases (RD) patients are at high risk for active TB development. More researches are needed in terms of patient compliance in clinical practice. This study aims to explore the potential difficulties and obstacles in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and TPT in RD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Convenience sampling was used to recruit RD outpatients who had indications for LTBI screening and TPT. All participants were given questionnaires on knowledge and attitudes regarding screening and preventive treatment of LTBI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 200 RD patients, most people were aware that they were at increased risk of ATB due to their rheumatic disease and knew that TB was curable. The main association with willingness to have screening for LTBI was tertiary education (<i>P</i> = 0.013). The main association with willingness to take treatment for LTBI was a sense of personal risk and belief that the treatment would reduce risk of ATB (<i>P</i> < 0.001). More than half of the people surveyed could not accept taking 6 or more pills per day, while more than half of the patients could tolerate a treatment course of 9 months or longer. Most (65.4%) preferred their own rheumatologists to initiate treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Educating RD patients about their individual risks of TB and the side effects of treatment, and educating/empowering rheumatologists to discuss these aspects with their patients and to offer LTBI screening and treatment, may help improve patients' compliance with LTBI screening and TPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S454539
Abdulkarim F Alhetheel, Bahauddeen M Alrfaei, Ahmed H Mujamammi, Jenadi A Hakami, Abdullah A Alshuhri
Introduction: Patients who need to be readmitted to the hospital because of complications from infections or require long-term care and rehabilitation face substantial financial hardships. To ensure the safety of patients undergoing surgery, it is crucial to implement measures that prevent wound infections before and after the procedure. Antibacterial wound dressings are essential to prevent infections during surgical procedures. There are various types of antibacterial wound dressings available on the market, such as silver-based dressings, hydrocolloid dressings, polyhexamethylene biguanide, alginate dressings, collagen-based dressings, and iodine-based dressings.
Methods: We used each type (standard, knit, fibril, and non-woven) of a commercial brand of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) called Regecel to test bacterial growth. The choice of antibacterial wound dressing depends on the type of wound being treated. Different bacterial strains require specific culture conditions to thrive and grow in laboratory settings. To obtain accurate and reliable results, it is vital to follow the precise culture conditions required for each bacterial strain.
Results: The evaluation of ORC highlighted its potential to inhibit bacterial growth, showing promising results against various bacterial strains and Candida albicans. Different variants of ORC, such as Regecel, have demonstrated impressive capacity to hinder the growth of 32 distinct bacterial strains, with inhibition rates ranging from 40-100%. These bacteria include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Conclusion: This study supports the usage and development of ORC (Regecel) as an innovative approach to treating bacterial infections.
{"title":"REGECEL (an Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose) Provides Superior Bioactivity Effect on Microorganisms.","authors":"Abdulkarim F Alhetheel, Bahauddeen M Alrfaei, Ahmed H Mujamammi, Jenadi A Hakami, Abdullah A Alshuhri","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S454539","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S454539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients who need to be readmitted to the hospital because of complications from infections or require long-term care and rehabilitation face substantial financial hardships. To ensure the safety of patients undergoing surgery, it is crucial to implement measures that prevent wound infections before and after the procedure. Antibacterial wound dressings are essential to prevent infections during surgical procedures. There are various types of antibacterial wound dressings available on the market, such as silver-based dressings, hydrocolloid dressings, polyhexamethylene biguanide, alginate dressings, collagen-based dressings, and iodine-based dressings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used each type (standard, knit, fibril, and non-woven) of a commercial brand of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) called Regecel to test bacterial growth. The choice of antibacterial wound dressing depends on the type of wound being treated. Different bacterial strains require specific culture conditions to thrive and grow in laboratory settings. To obtain accurate and reliable results, it is vital to follow the precise culture conditions required for each bacterial strain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The evaluation of ORC highlighted its potential to inhibit bacterial growth, showing promising results against various bacterial strains and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Different variants of ORC, such as Regecel, have demonstrated impressive capacity to hinder the growth of 32 distinct bacterial strains, with inhibition rates ranging from 40-100%. These bacteria include methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE), and penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the usage and development of ORC (Regecel) as an innovative approach to treating bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S465870
Yi Shi, Yifan Ren
Background: Adenovirus pneumonia progresses rapidly, with a high rate of progression to severe pneumonia, but the early clinical manifestations lack specificity and are not easy to be recognized.
Methods: Reviewing the relevant literatures, we studied and summarized the early recognition, clinical features and treatment outlook of severe adenovirus pneumonia Case Presentation: An 11-year-old child with community-acquired pneumonia, with influenza A antigen positive by colloidal gold, which further developed into acute respiratory distress syndrome after hospitalization. Three days later, adenovirus was detected positively by PCR of throat swab and diagnosed as severe adenovirus pneumonia. After aggressive treatment, her condition improved and was discharged from the hospital.
Conclusion: Clinically, adenovirus combined with influenza virus infection is uncommon, and adenovirus infection is even rarer in adolescent children.
{"title":"Severe Adenovirus Pneumonia Masked by Influenza Virus in an 11-Year-Old Child: A Case Report.","authors":"Yi Shi, Yifan Ren","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S465870","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S465870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adenovirus pneumonia progresses rapidly, with a high rate of progression to severe pneumonia, but the early clinical manifestations lack specificity and are not easy to be recognized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reviewing the relevant literatures, we studied and summarized the early recognition, clinical features and treatment outlook of severe adenovirus pneumonia Case Presentation: An 11-year-old child with community-acquired pneumonia, with influenza A antigen positive by colloidal gold, which further developed into acute respiratory distress syndrome after hospitalization. Three days later, adenovirus was detected positively by PCR of throat swab and diagnosed as severe adenovirus pneumonia. After aggressive treatment, her condition improved and was discharged from the hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinically, adenovirus combined with influenza virus infection is uncommon, and adenovirus infection is even rarer in adolescent children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S471171
Liang Chen, Zeqiang Xie, Jiyong Jian
Purpose: We investigated the Epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of Candida bloodstream infection.
Methods: The electronic laboratory records data of patients with candidemia (2015-2022) were collected. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk factors of candidemia.
Results: Of the 134 patients with candidemia, the most prevalent species were Candida albicans (37.2%), followed by Candida glabrata (27.7%), Candida parapsilosis (18.9%), and others. The mean annual incidence was 0.33/1000 admissions. The overall resistance rate of Candida spp. against fluconazole and voriconazole were 4.9% (7/142) and 5.9% (6/101), while Candida tropicalis showed high resistance to fluconazole (38.8%) and voriconazole (27.8%). The 30-day mortality rate was 32.8%. On multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.874, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.146, 13.092; P = 0.029), high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR = 12.384, 95% CI: 2.963, 51.762; P = 0.001), shock (OR = 3.428, 95% CI: 1.097, 10.719; P = 0.034), initial antifungal therapy (OR = 0.057, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.306; P = 0.001) and White blood cells (OR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.016, 1.255; P = 0.024) were the independent risk factors with mortality within 30 day in patients with candidemia.
Conclusion: The incidence rate and the mortality rate of candidemia are high, and lower azole susceptibility was found in Candida tropicalis. Age≥65 years, Shock, high APACHE II score, Antifungal therapy and White blood cells count were independently associated with 30-day mortality.
{"title":"Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Candidemia a 8-Year Retrospective Study from a Teaching Hospital in China.","authors":"Liang Chen, Zeqiang Xie, Jiyong Jian","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S471171","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S471171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We investigated the Epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of Candida bloodstream infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The electronic laboratory records data of patients with candidemia (2015-2022) were collected. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk factors of candidemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 134 patients with candidemia, the most prevalent species were <i>Candida albicans</i> (37.2%), followed by <i>Candida glabrata</i> (27.7%), <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> (18.9%), and others. The mean annual incidence was 0.33/1000 admissions. The overall resistance rate of <i>Candida</i> spp. against fluconazole and voriconazole were 4.9% (7/142) and 5.9% (6/101), while <i>Candida tropicalis</i> showed high resistance to fluconazole (38.8%) and voriconazole (27.8%). The 30-day mortality rate was 32.8%. On multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.874, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.146, 13.092; <i>P</i> = 0.029), high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR = 12.384, 95% CI: 2.963, 51.762; <i>P</i> = 0.001), shock (OR = 3.428, 95% CI: 1.097, 10.719; <i>P</i> = 0.034), initial antifungal therapy (OR = 0.057, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.306; <i>P</i> = 0.001) and White blood cells (OR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.016, 1.255; <i>P</i> = 0.024) were the independent risk factors with mortality within 30 day in patients with candidemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence rate and the mortality rate of candidemia are high, and lower azole susceptibility was found in <i>Candida tropicalis</i>. Age≥65 years, Shock, high APACHE II score, Antifungal therapy and White blood cells count were independently associated with 30-day mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Current immunologic methods cannot distinguish Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection statuses, especially to discriminate active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study explored the potential of latency-associated antigens (Rv1733cSLP and Rv2028c) and multifactorial cytokine detection to distinguish tuberculosis infection states.
Methods: ATB patients (20), LTBI healthcare workers (25), fever patients (11), and healthy controls (10) were enrolled. Cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IP-10, IL-1Ra, CXCL-1, and MCP-1) were measured using Luminex with/without MTB-specific virulence factor and latency-associated antigens stimulation.
Results: Without antigen stimulation, IL-6, IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-1Ra were higher in the ATB group than in the LTBI group (p<0.05), but no significant differences between the ATB group and the fever group. Stimulated with the four antigens, respectively, the cytokines, including IP-10Esat-6, IP-10CFP-10, IFN-γRv1733cSLP, IFN-γRv2028c, IL-6Esat-6, IL-6Rv1733cSLP, IL-6Rv2028c, IL-2Rv1733cSLP, IL-2 Rv2028c, IL-1RaEsat-6, IL-1RaCFP-10, IL-1RaRv2028c, CXCL-1Esat-6, CXCL-1CFP-10, CXCL-1Rv1733cSLP, CXCL-1Rv2028c, MCP-1Esat-6 and MCP-1CFP-10, demonstrated accurate discrimination between ATB and LTBI (p<0.05). Additive concentrations demonstrated significant secretion differences of IFN-γ, IP-10 and IL-2, primarily by virulence factors in ATB and latency-associated antigens in LTBI. Latency-associated antigens synergized with virulence factors, enhancing TH1-type cytokine diagnostic efficacy for discriminating ATB from LTBI, the AUC for TNF-α increased from 0.696 to 0.820 (p=0.038), IFN-γ increased from 0.806 to 0.962 (p=0.025), and IL-2 increased from 0.565 to 0.868 (p=0.007). Model selected by forward likelihood method indicated combined detection of IFN-γCFP-10, IFN-γRv1733cSLP, IP-10Rv1733cSLP, and CXCL-1Rv1733cSLP achieved ATB diagnosis (AUC=0.996) and ATB-LTBI differentiation (AUC=0.992). Combined detection of IFN-γCFP-10 and IFN-γRv1733cSLP achieved tuberculosis infection diagnosis (AUC=0.943).
{"title":"Specific Cytokines Analysis Incorporating Latency-Associated Antigens Differentiates <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection Status: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Yuanchun Li, Zhengrong Yang, Qiping Ge, Yueqiu Zhang, Mengqiu Gao, Xiaoqing Liu, Lifan Zhang","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S470963","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S470963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Current immunologic methods cannot distinguish <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb) infection statuses, especially to discriminate active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study explored the potential of latency-associated antigens (Rv1733cSLP and Rv2028c) and multifactorial cytokine detection to distinguish tuberculosis infection states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ATB patients (20), LTBI healthcare workers (25), fever patients (11), and healthy controls (10) were enrolled. Cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IP-10, IL-1Ra, CXCL-1, and MCP-1) were measured using Luminex with/without MTB-specific virulence factor and latency-associated antigens stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Without antigen stimulation, IL-6, IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-1Ra were higher in the ATB group than in the LTBI group (p<0.05), but no significant differences between the ATB group and the fever group. Stimulated with the four antigens, respectively, the cytokines, including IP-10<sup>Esat-6</sup>, IP-10<sup>CFP-10</sup>, IFN-γ<sup>Rv1733cSLP</sup>, IFN-γ<sup>Rv2028c</sup>, IL-6<sup>Esat-6</sup>, IL-6<sup>Rv1733cSLP</sup>, IL-6<sup>Rv2028c</sup>, IL-2<sup>Rv1733cSLP</sup>, IL-2 <sup>Rv2028c</sup>, IL-1Ra<sup>Esat-6</sup>, IL-1Ra<sup>CFP-10</sup>, IL-1Ra<sup>Rv2028c</sup>, CXCL-1<sup>Esat-6</sup>, CXCL-1<sup>CFP-10</sup>, CXCL-1<sup>Rv1733cSLP</sup>, CXCL-1<sup>Rv2028c</sup>, MCP-1<sup>Esat-6</sup> and MCP-1<sup>CFP-10</sup>, demonstrated accurate discrimination between ATB and LTBI (<i>p</i><0.05). Additive concentrations demonstrated significant secretion differences of IFN-γ, IP-10 and IL-2, primarily by virulence factors in ATB and latency-associated antigens in LTBI. Latency-associated antigens synergized with virulence factors, enhancing TH1-type cytokine diagnostic efficacy for discriminating ATB from LTBI, the AUC for TNF-α increased from 0.696 to 0.820 (<i>p</i>=0.038), IFN-γ increased from 0.806 to 0.962 (<i>p</i>=0.025), and IL-2 increased from 0.565 to 0.868 (<i>p</i>=0.007). Model selected by forward likelihood method indicated combined detection of IFN-γ<sup>CFP-10</sup>, IFN-γ<sup>Rv1733cSLP</sup>, IP-10<sup>Rv1733cSLP</sup>, and CXCL-1<sup>Rv1733cSLP</sup> achieved ATB diagnosis (AUC=0.996) and ATB-LTBI differentiation (AUC=0.992). Combined detection of IFN-γ<sup>CFP-10</sup> and IFN-γ<sup>Rv1733cSLP</sup> achieved tuberculosis infection diagnosis (AUC=0.943).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Latency-associated antigens enhance multiple cytokine discriminatory ability, particularly TH1-type cytokines, for differentiating Mtb infection statuses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenneth Ssekatawa, Ibrahim Ntulume, Denis Karuhize Byarugaba, Slawomir Michniewski, Eleanor Jameson, Eddie M Wampande, Jesca Nakavuma
Background: The evolution of antimicrobial resistance has dramatically reduced the efficacy of the first-choice and last-resort antibiotics used to treat E. coli infections. Thus, searching for novel therapeutics to treat and control the emergence of antibiotic resistance is urgent. Therefore, this study aimed to illustrate the lytic effect of phages against carbapenem-resistant pathogenic E. coli. Methods: Phages were isolated from hospital effluents by the enrichment assay. This was followed by the evaluation of the host range of the phages by the spot assay. The time taken by phages to bind to the host bacterial cells was determined by the adsorption assay. The phage latent period and burst size were determined using a one-step growth experiment. Phage morphology was determined by the Transmission Electron Microscopy. Molecular characterization of phages was done by whole genome sequencing. Results: Two phages named UGKSEcP1 and UGKSEcP2 were isolated from hospital effluents. The phages were professionally lytic with a broad host range. The two phages recorded an average adsorption time of 11.25 minutes, an adsorption rate of 99.3%, a latency period of 20 minutes, and a burst size of approximately 528 phages/infected cell. Phages UGKSEcP1 and UGKSEcP2 had genome lengths of 167433bp, and 167221bp with 277 and 276 predicted genes, respectively, and no undesirable genes were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the two phages belonged genus Tequatrovirus. TEM micrograph showed that the two phages had a similar morphotype with icosahedral heads and contractile tails; thus, classified as members of the Myoviridae phage family. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the study isolated two novel professionally lytic phages with a broad host range and thus, are candidates for phage-mediated biocontrol.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Novel Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting Carbapenem-Resistant Pathogenic Diarrheagenic and Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli","authors":"Kenneth Ssekatawa, Ibrahim Ntulume, Denis Karuhize Byarugaba, Slawomir Michniewski, Eleanor Jameson, Eddie M Wampande, Jesca Nakavuma","doi":"10.2147/idr.s466101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s466101","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> The evolution of antimicrobial resistance has dramatically reduced the efficacy of the first-choice and last-resort antibiotics used to treat <em>E. coli</em> infections. Thus, searching for novel therapeutics to treat and control the emergence of antibiotic resistance is urgent. Therefore, this study aimed to illustrate the lytic effect of phages against carbapenem-resistant pathogenic <em>E. coli</em>.<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> Phages were isolated from hospital effluents by the enrichment assay. This was followed by the evaluation of the host range of the phages by the spot assay. The time taken by phages to bind to the host bacterial cells was determined by the adsorption assay. The phage latent period and burst size were determined using a one-step growth experiment. Phage morphology was determined by the Transmission Electron Microscopy. Molecular characterization of phages was done by whole genome sequencing.<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Two phages named UGKSEcP1 and UGKSEcP2 were isolated from hospital effluents. The phages were professionally lytic with a broad host range. The two phages recorded an average adsorption time of 11.25 minutes, an adsorption rate of 99.3%, a latency period of 20 minutes, and a burst size of approximately 528 phages/infected cell. Phages UGKSEcP1 and UGKSEcP2 had genome lengths of 167433bp, and 167221bp with 277 and 276 predicted genes, respectively, and no undesirable genes were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the two phages belonged genus Tequatrovirus. TEM micrograph showed that the two phages had a similar morphotype with icosahedral heads and contractile tails; thus, classified as members of the Myoviridae phage family.<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings demonstrate that the study isolated two novel professionally lytic phages with a broad host range and thus, are candidates for phage-mediated biocontrol.<br/><br/>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S460299
Yongsheng Zhao, Xianlei Xin, Bin Wang, Lei He, Qinghua Zhao, Weizheng Ren
Purpose: In this paper, we observed the use of contezolid in patients with complex intra-abdominal infections in the intensive care unit of the Hepatobiliary Surgery department at the Chinese PLA General Hospital.
Patients and methods: The study collected data on complex intra-abdominal infections patients who received the antibiotic contezolid between January 2022 and April 2023.
Results: Contezolid was administered to 12 patients, including 8 with severe acute pancreatitis, 3 with intra-abdominal infections following abdominal surgery, and 1 with complicated intra-abdominal infection after trauma. Gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus haemo-lytica, were detected in 11 patients. All patients who received contezolid had previously been treated with other anti-Gram-positive agents, including linezolid for 9 patients, teicoplanin for 6 patients, and vancomycin for 3 patients. The treatment with contezolid began 20.0 (15.0, 34.5) days after admission and lasted for 8.0 (6.0, 10.0) days. At the end of the treatment, the patients' body temperature showed a significant decrease. After concomitant therapy, IL-6 levels decreased, and platelet count increased.
Conclusion: Contezolid has shown potential in treating complex intra-abdominal infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria by reducing fever and inflammatory response.
{"title":"The Therapeutic Effect of Contezolid in Complex Intra-Abdominal Infections.","authors":"Yongsheng Zhao, Xianlei Xin, Bin Wang, Lei He, Qinghua Zhao, Weizheng Ren","doi":"10.2147/IDR.S460299","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IDR.S460299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this paper, we observed the use of contezolid in patients with complex intra-abdominal infections in the intensive care unit of the Hepatobiliary Surgery department at the Chinese PLA General Hospital.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The study collected data on complex intra-abdominal infections patients who received the antibiotic contezolid between January 2022 and April 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contezolid was administered to 12 patients, including 8 with severe acute pancreatitis, 3 with intra-abdominal infections following abdominal surgery, and 1 with complicated intra-abdominal infection after trauma. Gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus haemo-lytica, were detected in 11 patients. All patients who received contezolid had previously been treated with other anti-Gram-positive agents, including linezolid for 9 patients, teicoplanin for 6 patients, and vancomycin for 3 patients. The treatment with contezolid began 20.0 (15.0, 34.5) days after admission and lasted for 8.0 (6.0, 10.0) days. At the end of the treatment, the patients' body temperature showed a significant decrease. After concomitant therapy, IL-6 levels decreased, and platelet count increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contezolid has shown potential in treating complex intra-abdominal infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria by reducing fever and inflammatory response.</p>","PeriodicalId":13577,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Drug Resistance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11313570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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