Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.9734/bpi/imb/v1/12303d
R. Soni
The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively used for heterologous protein expression due to its ease of genetic manipulation, faster generation time, availability of integrative and episomal vectors and promoters that can be easily turned on and off using simple chemical moieties. In addition, being a simplest eukaryote, it offers several advantages in the expression of mammalian proteins regarding post-translational modifications and expression of proteins that are membrane bound. This article describes development of a strain for the expression of membrane bound human drug metabolism enzymes.
{"title":"Yeast as a Versatile System for the Expression of Heterologous Proteins","authors":"R. Soni","doi":"10.9734/bpi/imb/v1/12303d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/imb/v1/12303d","url":null,"abstract":"The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively used for heterologous protein expression due to its ease of genetic manipulation, faster generation time, availability of integrative and episomal vectors and promoters that can be easily turned on and off using simple chemical moieties. In addition, being a simplest eukaryote, it offers several advantages in the expression of mammalian proteins regarding post-translational modifications and expression of proteins that are membrane bound. This article describes development of a strain for the expression of membrane bound human drug metabolism enzymes.","PeriodicalId":13595,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82433940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.9734/bpi/imb/v1/11716d
O. Aleruchi, G. Abu
This study described the role of aerobic microorganisms in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater. Groundwater sample treated with nutrients were compared with untreated water sample. The total hydrocarbon content removal in the water treated with nutrients and untreated water sample (natural attenuation) at day 56 showed percentage removal of 89 and 74, respectively. Total heterotrophic and total hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count increased progressively in all experimental samples. Bacterial strains isolated include Bacillus sp., Arthrobacter sp., Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp. and Flavobacterium sp. The total petroleum hydrocarbon reduced from 15.33955 mg/L to 3.90361 mg/L and 9.49634 mg/L, in water sample treated with nutrient and untreaed water sample, respectively at the end of day 56. The physicochemical analyses at day 56 were within the World Health Organization standard for drinking water. Total petroleum hydrocarbons in laboratory contaminated groundwater were utilized by the aerobic microorganisms present in the water samples, however, treatment with nutrient showed greater removal of the hydrocarbon pollutants.
{"title":"Describing the Role of Aerobic Microorganisms in the Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Laboratory Contaminated Groundwater","authors":"O. Aleruchi, G. Abu","doi":"10.9734/bpi/imb/v1/11716d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/imb/v1/11716d","url":null,"abstract":"This study described the role of aerobic microorganisms in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater. Groundwater sample treated with nutrients were compared with untreated water sample. The total hydrocarbon content removal in the water treated with nutrients and untreated water sample (natural attenuation) at day 56 showed percentage removal of 89 and 74, respectively. Total heterotrophic and total hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count increased progressively in all experimental samples. Bacterial strains isolated include Bacillus sp., Arthrobacter sp., Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp. and Flavobacterium sp. The total petroleum hydrocarbon reduced from 15.33955 mg/L to 3.90361 mg/L and 9.49634 mg/L, in water sample treated with nutrient and untreaed water sample, respectively at the end of day 56. The physicochemical analyses at day 56 were within the World Health Organization standard for drinking water. Total petroleum hydrocarbons in laboratory contaminated groundwater were utilized by the aerobic microorganisms present in the water samples, however, treatment with nutrient showed greater removal of the hydrocarbon pollutants.","PeriodicalId":13595,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76213927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-15DOI: 10.9734/bpi/imb/v1/11884d
Sreedevi Hanumantha, Hema Prakash Pilli
Background: The etiological agents of Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) are sundry and often multidrug resistant. An early, appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on culture sensitivity report and implementation of infection control practices together play a key role in management of CAUTI. Objectives: 1. To find the incidence of CAUTI in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. 2. To identify etiological agents responsible for CAUTI. 3. To determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for bacterial agents obtained. Methods: Urine samples from clinically suspected cases of CAUTI were obtained from patients with urinary catheters admitted in ICUs. Urine samples were subjected to wet mount, culture and sensitivity testing. Responsible pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern were obtained based on CSLI standards. Results: A total of 640 patients were having indwelling urinary catheter with an aggregate of 5199 catheter days over a period of 6 months. 19 were culture positive out of 45 clinically suspected cases of CAUTI. The CAUTI rate was 3.65 cases per 1000 catheter days. Most predominant etiological agents responsible for CAUTI were Citrobacter species (26.3%) followed by P.aeruginosa (21.1%) and E. coli (21.1%). 2(18.2%) ESBL producing Gram negative bacteriawere obtained among Enterobacteriaciae. The most effective antibiotics were ceftazidime/clavulinic acid, colistin and meropenam for Enterobacteriaciae; piperacillin/tazobactam for P.aeruginosa; linezolid and vancomycin for Enterococcus species. Introduction Nosocomial infections, or hospital-acquired infections (HAI), are important cause of morbidity and mortality in healthcare settings especially among patients admitted in intensive care units(ICUs). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for 20-50% of all hospital-acquired infections occurring in the intensive care unit (ICU). Urinary catheterization in itself is a risk factor for Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). CAUTI as defined by CDC is an UTI where an indwelling urinary catheter was in place for more than 2 calendar days on the date of event, with day of device placement being Day 1, and an indwelling urinary catheter was in place on the date of event or the day before. If an indwelling urinary catheter was in place for more than 2 calendar days and then removed, the date of event for the UTI must be the day of discontinuation or the next day for the UTI to be catheter-associated. Culture positivity is the said event. Several bacterial species are known to form biofilm on urinary catheters as a survival benefit. The most common pathogens of CAUTI include Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus species and Candida albicans. Both the microbiological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern vary considerably from time to time and region to region. CAUTI is coupled with prolonged hospital stay among patients and considerable financial burden to both patients and hospit
{"title":"Study on Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI): Incidence and Microbiological Profile in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Andhra Pradesh","authors":"Sreedevi Hanumantha, Hema Prakash Pilli","doi":"10.9734/bpi/imb/v1/11884d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/imb/v1/11884d","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The etiological agents of Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) are sundry and often multidrug resistant. An early, appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on culture sensitivity report and implementation of infection control practices together play a key role in management of CAUTI. Objectives: 1. To find the incidence of CAUTI in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. 2. To identify etiological agents responsible for CAUTI. 3. To determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for bacterial agents obtained. Methods: Urine samples from clinically suspected cases of CAUTI were obtained from patients with urinary catheters admitted in ICUs. Urine samples were subjected to wet mount, culture and sensitivity testing. Responsible pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern were obtained based on CSLI standards. Results: A total of 640 patients were having indwelling urinary catheter with an aggregate of 5199 catheter days over a period of 6 months. 19 were culture positive out of 45 clinically suspected cases of CAUTI. The CAUTI rate was 3.65 cases per 1000 catheter days. Most predominant etiological agents responsible for CAUTI were Citrobacter species (26.3%) followed by P.aeruginosa (21.1%) and E. coli (21.1%). 2(18.2%) ESBL producing Gram negative bacteriawere obtained among Enterobacteriaciae. The most effective antibiotics were ceftazidime/clavulinic acid, colistin and meropenam for Enterobacteriaciae; piperacillin/tazobactam for P.aeruginosa; linezolid and vancomycin for Enterococcus species. Introduction Nosocomial infections, or hospital-acquired infections (HAI), are important cause of morbidity and mortality in healthcare settings especially among patients admitted in intensive care units(ICUs). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for 20-50% of all hospital-acquired infections occurring in the intensive care unit (ICU). Urinary catheterization in itself is a risk factor for Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). CAUTI as defined by CDC is an UTI where an indwelling urinary catheter was in place for more than 2 calendar days on the date of event, with day of device placement being Day 1, and an indwelling urinary catheter was in place on the date of event or the day before. If an indwelling urinary catheter was in place for more than 2 calendar days and then removed, the date of event for the UTI must be the day of discontinuation or the next day for the UTI to be catheter-associated. Culture positivity is the said event. Several bacterial species are known to form biofilm on urinary catheters as a survival benefit. The most common pathogens of CAUTI include Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus species and Candida albicans. Both the microbiological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern vary considerably from time to time and region to region. CAUTI is coupled with prolonged hospital stay among patients and considerable financial burden to both patients and hospit","PeriodicalId":13595,"journal":{"name":"Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80254433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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