A modal synthesis method to compute the vibration characteristics of nuclear power plant structures and components is presented. The advantages and limitations of its application are considered. The convergence of natural frequencies and mode shapes to their true values are evaluated. The influence of using a truncated set of substructure modes in synthesizing the mode shapes and frequencies of the entire structure is studied. Numerical examples for typical nuclear power plant structure and piping are presented and the results obtained by the modal synthesis method are compared to those obtained using a direct method. It is concluded that the modal synthesis technique is both accurate and results in significant savings in computation costs. It is also concluded that the sum of all the substructure modes considered should be at least twice the number of modes required for the final analysis.
{"title":"Dynamic Analysis Using Modal Synthesis","authors":"A. K. Singh","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000862","url":null,"abstract":"A modal synthesis method to compute the vibration characteristics of nuclear power plant structures and components is presented. The advantages and limitations of its application are considered. The convergence of natural frequencies and mode shapes to their true values are evaluated. The influence of using a truncated set of substructure modes in synthesizing the mode shapes and frequencies of the entire structure is studied. Numerical examples for typical nuclear power plant structure and piping are presented and the results obtained by the modal synthesis method are compared to those obtained using a direct method. It is concluded that the modal synthesis technique is both accurate and results in significant savings in computation costs. It is also concluded that the sum of all the substructure modes considered should be at least twice the number of modes required for the final analysis.","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124429533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A review of experience with power conversion systems during the past 15 centuries coupled with a survey of present systems provides a basis for speculating on the nature of the power conversion systems that may be expected to predominate in the 21st century. Exhaustion of our fossil-fuel reserves coupled with cost considerations will overcome emotional objections and lead to the use of nuclear fission and/or fusion as our prime energy source. In speculating on the power conversion systems best suited to use with fission or fusion reactors, a good case can be made for the thesis that these will employ a potassium or cesium vapor cycle operating with a turbine inlet temperature of 1400 to 2000/sup 0/F (760 to 1100/sup 0/C) that will reject its heat at around 1000/sup 0/F (540/sup 0/C) to a conventional steam system. The latter in turn will reject its heat at around 300/sup 0/F (150/sup 0/C) for use in industrial processes and district heating systems. Railroads will be electrified and automobiles and trucks will run on high energy storage batteries. Excess waste heat can be employed to distill sewage to provide fresh water, and to evaporate sewage sludge to dryness to sterilize it and yieldmore » good fertilizer.« less
{"title":"Power Conversion Systems of the 21st Century","authors":"A. Fraas, G. Samuels","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000859","url":null,"abstract":"A review of experience with power conversion systems during the past 15 centuries coupled with a survey of present systems provides a basis for speculating on the nature of the power conversion systems that may be expected to predominate in the 21st century. Exhaustion of our fossil-fuel reserves coupled with cost considerations will overcome emotional objections and lead to the use of nuclear fission and/or fusion as our prime energy source. In speculating on the power conversion systems best suited to use with fission or fusion reactors, a good case can be made for the thesis that these will employ a potassium or cesium vapor cycle operating with a turbine inlet temperature of 1400 to 2000/sup 0/F (760 to 1100/sup 0/C) that will reject its heat at around 1000/sup 0/F (540/sup 0/C) to a conventional steam system. The latter in turn will reject its heat at around 300/sup 0/F (150/sup 0/C) for use in industrial processes and district heating systems. Railroads will be electrified and automobiles and trucks will run on high energy storage batteries. Excess waste heat can be employed to distill sewage to provide fresh water, and to evaporate sewage sludge to dryness to sterilize it and yieldmore » good fertilizer.« less","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122828093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Popper Test is an effective test that is easy to conduct and can be used to help determine the dynamic response characteristics of small to moderately large concrete dams. The Popper Test method is particularly suited in single-arch and multiple-arch concrete strength dams. This test method combines the versatility, ease, and low cost of ambient testing with the data quality advantages of active testing. Fundamental mode data (mode, shape, frequency, and damping) can be extracted visually in the field with proper filtering of the transducer signal. Detailed higher mode information must be obtained by analytical techniques or more specialized field equipment.
{"title":"Method for Dynamic Testing of Dams","authors":"D. Ostrom, T. A. Kelly","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000842","url":null,"abstract":"The Popper Test is an effective test that is easy to conduct and can be used to help determine the dynamic response characteristics of small to moderately large concrete dams. The Popper Test method is particularly suited in single-arch and multiple-arch concrete strength dams. This test method combines the versatility, ease, and low cost of ambient testing with the data quality advantages of active testing. Fundamental mode data (mode, shape, frequency, and damping) can be extracted visually in the field with proper filtering of the transducer signal. Detailed higher mode information must be obtained by analytical techniques or more specialized field equipment.","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133446875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of “Integrated River System Operation in a Major Flood”","authors":"J. A. O’Brien","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000835","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127891269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of Flood Protection of Crystal River Unit 3 Nuclear Plant by Ronald M. Noble and Bert Simpson","authors":"J. L. Caves, H. T. Newton","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131997909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comparison is made among discharge criteria for various atmospheric and aquatic emissions. The dependence of effluent plume size on water levels, ambient temperatures, and drift currents was empirically determined from model simulation. Predictions of the effluent plume size frequency distribution were made: (1) Assuming the parameters are independent random variables; and (2) using a time series of lake levels, temperatures, and currents. The second method predicted less frequent occurrence of large plumes. It is concluded that: (1) Statistical description of predicted thermal plumes represents a more realistic evaluation of environmental impact than prediction for a “critical” condition; (2) readily available site data can be utilized to make statistical predictions of the effluent plume size for proposed outfalls; and (3) the effectiveness of design changes can be statistically evaluated and interpreted as frequencies with which given thermal criteria may be contravened.
{"title":"Statistical Design Basis for Submerged Diffuser","authors":"T. E. Pease, M. J. Skelly","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000798","url":null,"abstract":"A comparison is made among discharge criteria for various atmospheric and aquatic emissions. The dependence of effluent plume size on water levels, ambient temperatures, and drift currents was empirically determined from model simulation. Predictions of the effluent plume size frequency distribution were made: (1) Assuming the parameters are independent random variables; and (2) using a time series of lake levels, temperatures, and currents. The second method predicted less frequent occurrence of large plumes. It is concluded that: (1) Statistical description of predicted thermal plumes represents a more realistic evaluation of environmental impact than prediction for a “critical” condition; (2) readily available site data can be utilized to make statistical predictions of the effluent plume size for proposed outfalls; and (3) the effectiveness of design changes can be statistically evaluated and interpreted as frequencies with which given thermal criteria may be contravened.","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115895440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum for “Optimal Development of Multipurpose Hydro Projects”","authors":"P. Hoffman","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133927627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of “Seismic Design Spectra for Nuclear Power Plants”","authors":"A. S. Bartu","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000794","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126427360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of “Stability and Dynamic Analyses of Cooling Towers”","authors":"K. Buchert","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127535242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earthquake records indicate negligible damage to adequately constructed water wells that are located away from faults or areas of unstable ground. For nuclear power plants, three factors are considered for design of wells: siting, critical outage time, and effects of ground motion. The computational steps required for the casing analysis under earthquake loads are based mainly on the effects of the free-field soil deformations. Axial and tangential stresses are computed for soil pressures and seismic shear and compressional waves. Shear stresses are obtained from shearing distortion of the ground above bedrock. These are then combined conservatively to obtain principal stresses in the casing. The ductility of steel provides a wide safety margin to accommodate any local stress concentrations. The discharge system supported by lateral leaf springs is analyzed with a lumped-mass model, and the apparent mass of the water surrounding the discharge pipe is included in the model formulation. A parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of various parameters used for the dynamic analysis of the discharge system.
{"title":"Water Well Design for Earthquake-Induced Motion","authors":"H. N. Nazarian","doi":"10.1061/JPWEAM.0000760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/JPWEAM.0000760","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake records indicate negligible damage to adequately constructed water wells that are located away from faults or areas of unstable ground. For nuclear power plants, three factors are considered for design of wells: siting, critical outage time, and effects of ground motion. The computational steps required for the casing analysis under earthquake loads are based mainly on the effects of the free-field soil deformations. Axial and tangential stresses are computed for soil pressures and seismic shear and compressional waves. Shear stresses are obtained from shearing distortion of the ground above bedrock. These are then combined conservatively to obtain principal stresses in the casing. The ductility of steel provides a wide safety margin to accommodate any local stress concentrations. The discharge system supported by lateral leaf springs is analyzed with a lumped-mass model, and the apparent mass of the water surrounding the discharge pipe is included in the model formulation. A parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of various parameters used for the dynamic analysis of the discharge system.","PeriodicalId":136288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Power Division","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117095995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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