Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0003
Saw Ralph, Naw Sheera, Stephanie Olinga-Shannon
This chapter details Saw Ralph's experiences during the Japanese invasion. It chronicles his mother's early death and Saw Ralph's encounters with new people. Alongside these personal events are Saw Ralph's personal encounters with death and violence, beginning with the death of his mother and moving toward the casualties of Japanese occupation and British reoccupation. In those days, Saw Ralph recalls being afraid. The Japanese occupation was both a good time and a bad time in his life, because he and his fellow children liked the Japanese occupation. The occupying forces taught them the Japanese language and Japanese songs and engaged with them. The chapter concludes with Saw Ralph's experiences after the occupation.
{"title":"Japanese Occupation","authors":"Saw Ralph, Naw Sheera, Stephanie Olinga-Shannon","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter details Saw Ralph's experiences during the Japanese invasion. It chronicles his mother's early death and Saw Ralph's encounters with new people. Alongside these personal events are Saw Ralph's personal encounters with death and violence, beginning with the death of his mother and moving toward the casualties of Japanese occupation and British reoccupation. In those days, Saw Ralph recalls being afraid. The Japanese occupation was both a good time and a bad time in his life, because he and his fellow children liked the Japanese occupation. The occupying forces taught them the Japanese language and Japanese songs and engaged with them. The chapter concludes with Saw Ralph's experiences after the occupation.","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133352668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0002
Saw Ralph, Naw Sheera, Stephanie Olinga-Shannon
This chapter chronicles the early life of Saw Ralph. It discusses his family history and especially how his parents met. His father's name was John Farren Hodgson. He worked for the Burma Railways as a permanent way inspector. Saw Ralph's mother, Naw Thet Po, was a student at a school Hodgson visited. Both eventually married, and Ralph grew up comfortably in a big three-story house. He was the eighth of eleven children. By blood, Ralph was Karen-Anglo-Arakanese, though he considered himself Karen. Because the British ruled Burma and he went to a Baptist missionary school, Saw Ralph and his siblings all learned English very well. As the chapter follows his reminiscences of his schoolboy days, it also considers the changes taking place during that period.
{"title":"Early Life","authors":"Saw Ralph, Naw Sheera, Stephanie Olinga-Shannon","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter chronicles the early life of Saw Ralph. It discusses his family history and especially how his parents met. His father's name was John Farren Hodgson. He worked for the Burma Railways as a permanent way inspector. Saw Ralph's mother, Naw Thet Po, was a student at a school Hodgson visited. Both eventually married, and Ralph grew up comfortably in a big three-story house. He was the eighth of eleven children. By blood, Ralph was Karen-Anglo-Arakanese, though he considered himself Karen. Because the British ruled Burma and he went to a Baptist missionary school, Saw Ralph and his siblings all learned English very well. As the chapter follows his reminiscences of his schoolboy days, it also considers the changes taking place during that period.","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123902990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501746956-012
{"title":"8. Psychological Warfare","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501746956-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501746956-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129500427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0008
Saw Ralph, Naw Sheera, Stephanie Olinga-Shannon
This chapter describes Saw Ralph's experiences working at the intelligence branch of the general headquarters in Manerplaw. After being promoted to general staff officer number one (G1), Saw Ralph became a member of the general officer in command's War Council. His role as a G1, however, entailed looking for intelligence about the Burmese, the communists, and everyone else. It was Saw Ralph's job to collect and process information with the help of his staff. They also had to examine information in case it turned out to be false information sent by the Burmese. In addition to his work, Saw Ralph also recounts his meeting with his family, as well as political developments in Burma.
{"title":"Revolution Headquarters","authors":"Saw Ralph, Naw Sheera, Stephanie Olinga-Shannon","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes Saw Ralph's experiences working at the intelligence branch of the general headquarters in Manerplaw. After being promoted to general staff officer number one (G1), Saw Ralph became a member of the general officer in command's War Council. His role as a G1, however, entailed looking for intelligence about the Burmese, the communists, and everyone else. It was Saw Ralph's job to collect and process information with the help of his staff. They also had to examine information in case it turned out to be false information sent by the Burmese. In addition to his work, Saw Ralph also recounts his meeting with his family, as well as political developments in Burma.","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128422302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501746956-016
{"title":"12. Bible School and Missionary Work","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501746956-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501746956-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121810098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501746956-019
{"title":"15. The Karen Women’s Organization","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501746956-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501746956-019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128074889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501746956-023
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501746956-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501746956-023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"59 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133877058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0004
Saw Ralph, Naw Sheera, Stephanie Olinga-Shannon
This chapter marks the start of the Karen Revolution and the start of Saw Ralph's journey as a soldier. At Karen New Year on December 29, 1948, a number of bursts of rifle fire and automatic gunfire were directed at the Karen quarters in Insein. That was the beginning of the revolution. While his family was preparing to evacuate, Saw Ralph snuck out to the front line without their knowledge. He craved adventure. After receiving a gun, Saw Ralph went to the front line with his coworkers, thus beginning his career as a soldier at the battle of Insein—the first major battle of the Karen Revolution. He was eighteen years old. He had made up his mind that he would stay until he died or could no longer fight. He was there at the very beginning of the revolution, in that first life-changing battle, and he stayed for the next five decades.
{"title":"The Revolution Begins","authors":"Saw Ralph, Naw Sheera, Stephanie Olinga-Shannon","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501746949.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter marks the start of the Karen Revolution and the start of Saw Ralph's journey as a soldier. At Karen New Year on December 29, 1948, a number of bursts of rifle fire and automatic gunfire were directed at the Karen quarters in Insein. That was the beginning of the revolution. While his family was preparing to evacuate, Saw Ralph snuck out to the front line without their knowledge. He craved adventure. After receiving a gun, Saw Ralph went to the front line with his coworkers, thus beginning his career as a soldier at the battle of Insein—the first major battle of the Karen Revolution. He was eighteen years old. He had made up his mind that he would stay until he died or could no longer fight. He was there at the very beginning of the revolution, in that first life-changing battle, and he stayed for the next five decades.","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.7591/9781501746956-015
{"title":"11. Burman Harassment","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501746956-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501746956-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115800850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-15DOI: 10.9783/9780812290271.111
{"title":"6. Family","authors":"","doi":"10.9783/9780812290271.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812290271.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136593,"journal":{"name":"Fifty Years in the Karen Revolution in Burma","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125939540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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