Pub Date : 1960-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503124
H. L. Richardson
The 27 Mc citizen's radio service was established to provide the public with a short range, personal communication facility. It allows the public to realize benefits similar to those provided commercial users of the business services. Whereas, a station in the latter service is licensed for a specific purpose and frequency, the citizen's service provides the user with 23 frequencies and personal use within the scope of the regulations. The market for this type of equipment is essentially a consumer market with over 100,000 licenses issued and 10,000 applications being received by the FCC every month. As with any consumer product, one of the most important problems of the manufacturer is to provide the purchaser with the utmost in performance and conveniences at the lowest possible cost. Another consideration is ease of operation of the equipment. In particular, consideration should be given to young and old of both sexes in that the unit should be simple to operate.
{"title":"A New Concept in Citizen's Band Equipment","authors":"H. L. Richardson","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503124","url":null,"abstract":"The 27 Mc citizen's radio service was established to provide the public with a short range, personal communication facility. It allows the public to realize benefits similar to those provided commercial users of the business services. Whereas, a station in the latter service is licensed for a specific purpose and frequency, the citizen's service provides the user with 23 frequencies and personal use within the scope of the regulations. The market for this type of equipment is essentially a consumer market with over 100,000 licenses issued and 10,000 applications being received by the FCC every month. As with any consumer product, one of the most important problems of the manufacturer is to provide the purchaser with the utmost in performance and conveniences at the lowest possible cost. Another consideration is ease of operation of the equipment. In particular, consideration should be given to young and old of both sexes in that the unit should be simple to operate.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130661004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503122
B. M. Soltoff, C. H. Tyson
The development of fully transistorized television receivers is now a recognized accomplishment. While the low power demand of the circuitry in such a set has made battery operated receivers practical, the heater power requirement of the cathode-ray-tube becomes a significant portion of the total receiver requirements. It is particularly important in battery operated receivers to maintain low power requirements in order to insure economical operation and reasonable battery cycle time. Further, at the present state of the art in battery development, a 10-15% reduction in current in some receiver designs would permit the use of an Alkaline type battery, rather than a Cadmium type. This results in appreciable savings in the initial battery cost. To this end, cathode-ray-tubes have been developed which operate on a fraction of the previously required power.
{"title":"Power Sources for Low Heater Power Tubes in Transistorized Receivers","authors":"B. M. Soltoff, C. H. Tyson","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503122","url":null,"abstract":"The development of fully transistorized television receivers is now a recognized accomplishment. While the low power demand of the circuitry in such a set has made battery operated receivers practical, the heater power requirement of the cathode-ray-tube becomes a significant portion of the total receiver requirements. It is particularly important in battery operated receivers to maintain low power requirements in order to insure economical operation and reasonable battery cycle time. Further, at the present state of the art in battery development, a 10-15% reduction in current in some receiver designs would permit the use of an Alkaline type battery, rather than a Cadmium type. This results in appreciable savings in the initial battery cost. To this end, cathode-ray-tubes have been developed which operate on a fraction of the previously required power.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130955598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503121
J. Avins
Stereophonic broadcasting presents a variety of problems, including compatibility, out-of-band radiation, stereo performance, distortion, signal-to-noise, receiver tuning, and receiver cost. Possible system solutions can be classified as either ``multiplicative'' or ``additive,'' depending upon whether the quadrature sidebands representative of the stereo information (L-R) are modulated by the envelope information (L+R), or are essentially independent of the envelope information, respectively. The preferred AM-FM system uses a pre-emphasized (L-R) signal to frequency modulate the carrier which is then amplitude modulated with (L+R). Stereophonic field test transmissions over Radio Station WNBC have demonstrated compatibility with existing monophonic receivers and excellent reception on stereophonic receivers of simple design.
{"title":"A Compatible Stereophonic System for the AM Broadcast Band","authors":"J. Avins","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503121","url":null,"abstract":"Stereophonic broadcasting presents a variety of problems, including compatibility, out-of-band radiation, stereo performance, distortion, signal-to-noise, receiver tuning, and receiver cost. Possible system solutions can be classified as either ``multiplicative'' or ``additive,'' depending upon whether the quadrature sidebands representative of the stereo information (L-R) are modulated by the envelope information (L+R), or are essentially independent of the envelope information, respectively. The preferred AM-FM system uses a pre-emphasized (L-R) signal to frequency modulate the carrier which is then amplitude modulated with (L+R). Stereophonic field test transmissions over Radio Station WNBC have demonstrated compatibility with existing monophonic receivers and excellent reception on stereophonic receivers of simple design.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131999118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503123
J. Heinchon, T. C. Lawson
Several papers have been written describing the design and performance of transistorized AM-FM receivers. The purpose of this paper, is to discuss a completely transistorized AM-FM receiver that uses transistors whose characteristics have been optimized and specified for such a set. We will discuss the selection of transistors to be used and describe the receiver circuitry and performance.
{"title":"A Transistorized AM-FM Receiver using Madt Transistors","authors":"J. Heinchon, T. C. Lawson","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503123","url":null,"abstract":"Several papers have been written describing the design and performance of transistorized AM-FM receivers. The purpose of this paper, is to discuss a completely transistorized AM-FM receiver that uses transistors whose characteristics have been optimized and specified for such a set. We will discuss the selection of transistors to be used and describe the receiver circuitry and performance.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124787770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503117
C. J. Hirsch
{"title":"The Effect on Color TV of Dr. Edwin H. Land's Color Experiments","authors":"C. J. Hirsch","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125551916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503219
R. Dome
A stereophonic system for television sound having some unique characteristics is described. The L + R information is transmitted as ordinary low frequency signals while the L - R information is transmitted by frequency division multiplex by a method that may be characterized by the absence of a pilot carrier or residual subcarrier in the transmission of the signal and by there being no requirement to regenerate a subcarrier at the receiver to detect the L - R information. Full advantage may be taken of the interleaving of L + R and L - R information so that + 25 KG FM deviation may be allocated to each, yet the total system FM deviation does not exceed ± 25 KC.
{"title":"A Television Stereophonic System","authors":"R. Dome","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503219","url":null,"abstract":"A stereophonic system for television sound having some unique characteristics is described. The L + R information is transmitted as ordinary low frequency signals while the L - R information is transmitted by frequency division multiplex by a method that may be characterized by the absence of a pilot carrier or residual subcarrier in the transmission of the signal and by there being no requirement to regenerate a subcarrier at the receiver to detect the L - R information. Full advantage may be taken of the interleaving of L + R and L - R information so that + 25 KG FM deviation may be allocated to each, yet the total system FM deviation does not exceed ± 25 KC.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115392113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503125
G. C. Hermeling
From the standpoint of improved TV receiver performance, the RCA nuvistor 1 electron tube represents a major breakthrough, particularly with respect to features of small size, low noise, low power drain, and greater reliability. In the design assembly and processing of the nuvistor, most of the known causes of tube failure on life have been minimized or eliminated. Figure 1 is a cutaway view which shows the strong ceramic basewafer that supports the small light cylindrical electrodes. The cylindrical electrode structure permits the critical tube elements to be assembled in a simple fixture, thus making possible close-spaced electrode assembly with accuracy and uniformity. The type 6CW4 is a nuvistor tube designed for use in VHF television tuner RF amplifiers.
{"title":"A Nuvistor. Low-Noise VHF Tuner","authors":"G. C. Hermeling","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503125","url":null,"abstract":"From the standpoint of improved TV receiver performance, the RCA nuvistor 1 electron tube represents a major breakthrough, particularly with respect to features of small size, low noise, low power drain, and greater reliability. In the design assembly and processing of the nuvistor, most of the known causes of tube failure on life have been minimized or eliminated. Figure 1 is a cutaway view which shows the strong ceramic basewafer that supports the small light cylindrical electrodes. The cylindrical electrode structure permits the critical tube elements to be assembled in a simple fixture, thus making possible close-spaced electrode assembly with accuracy and uniformity. The type 6CW4 is a nuvistor tube designed for use in VHF television tuner RF amplifiers.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503112
H. V. Abbe
When designing an integrated AM/FM receiver, two major problems that have to be considered are: 1. The transistors employed have to perform efficiently at both AM and FM frequencies. 2. The performance of the transistor should not be appreciably affected, when switching from AM to FM operation. Until recently the application of transistors in radio receivers had to be restricted to medium and low frequency operation. The introduction of the Amperex PADT (post alloy-diffused transistors) 2N1516/0C170 and 2N1517/0C171 has permitted the design of AM/FM transistorized receivers at frequencies to 100 Mc. In the Amperex post alloy diffusion process, alloying and diffusion take place simultaneously. The transistor is built up on a piece of P-type germanium. Two small pellets are placed on the germanium. Pellet B, the base pellet, contains only an N-type impurity. Pellet E, the emitter pellet, contains a P-type and an N-type impurity. When this assembly is heated at a certain temperature, the germanium dissolves into the metal pellets until saturation is reached, and the pellet impurities diffuse into the solid germanium. However, the P-type impurity in pellet E has such a low diffusion constant, that for practical purposes it does not penetrate into the germanium. The N-type impurity in pellets E and B has a much greater diffusion constant and readily penetrates into the solid germanium to form a diffused N-type layer underneath the pellets.
{"title":"Design of an AM/FM Transistorized Receiver","authors":"H. V. Abbe","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503112","url":null,"abstract":"When designing an integrated AM/FM receiver, two major problems that have to be considered are: 1. The transistors employed have to perform efficiently at both AM and FM frequencies. 2. The performance of the transistor should not be appreciably affected, when switching from AM to FM operation. Until recently the application of transistors in radio receivers had to be restricted to medium and low frequency operation. The introduction of the Amperex PADT (post alloy-diffused transistors) 2N1516/0C170 and 2N1517/0C171 has permitted the design of AM/FM transistorized receivers at frequencies to 100 Mc. In the Amperex post alloy diffusion process, alloying and diffusion take place simultaneously. The transistor is built up on a piece of P-type germanium. Two small pellets are placed on the germanium. Pellet B, the base pellet, contains only an N-type impurity. Pellet E, the emitter pellet, contains a P-type and an N-type impurity. When this assembly is heated at a certain temperature, the germanium dissolves into the metal pellets until saturation is reached, and the pellet impurities diffuse into the solid germanium. However, the P-type impurity in pellet E has such a low diffusion constant, that for practical purposes it does not penetrate into the germanium. The N-type impurity in pellets E and B has a much greater diffusion constant and readily penetrates into the solid germanium to form a diffused N-type layer underneath the pellets.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130627611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503108
P. H. V. Anrooy
{"title":"Some design aspects of automatic gain control for television receivers","authors":"P. H. V. Anrooy","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124377732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1960-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503111
C. D. Simmons, J. Specialny, A. Sfreddo
This paper discusses an experimental MADT transistor designed for TV RF amplifier applications and a prototype tuner designed to use this transistor. All of the best techniques available at the present ``state-of-the-art'' have been utilized in the construction of these experimental units. The last few years have seen a marked reduction in the noise figure, and a marked improvement in the gain, of transistors designed for TV tuner use. The experimental unit to be discussed here represents one new step in the evolution of such devices.
{"title":"A Transistor TV Tuner with a 4.5 DB Noise Figure","authors":"C. D. Simmons, J. Specialny, A. Sfreddo","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1960.4503111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses an experimental MADT transistor designed for TV RF amplifier applications and a prototype tuner designed to use this transistor. All of the best techniques available at the present ``state-of-the-art'' have been utilized in the construction of these experimental units. The last few years have seen a marked reduction in the noise figure, and a marked improvement in the gain, of transistors designed for TV tuner use. The experimental unit to be discussed here represents one new step in the evolution of such devices.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1960-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114989983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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