Pub Date : 1962-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503248
D. Alford, F. Garrett, L. Sevin
Part I offers a simple introduction to the field-effect transistor for those who are unfamiliar with the device. Standard device design equations are rewritten to emphasize effects of dimensional changes on d-c parameters. Failure mechanisms are discussed. Part II presents a method for overcoming effects of high leakage currents in FETs. A d-c feedback circuit (similar to one described by middlebrook1 for complementary transistors) is proposed and analyzed, and a practical design procedure and circuit are presented.
{"title":"Germanium field-effect transistors","authors":"D. Alford, F. Garrett, L. Sevin","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503248","url":null,"abstract":"Part I offers a simple introduction to the field-effect transistor for those who are unfamiliar with the device. Standard device design equations are rewritten to emphasize effects of dimensional changes on d-c parameters. Failure mechanisms are discussed. Part II presents a method for overcoming effects of high leakage currents in FETs. A d-c feedback circuit (similar to one described by middlebrook1 for complementary transistors) is proposed and analyzed, and a practical design procedure and circuit are presented.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128615842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503249
J. Englund, L. Plus
This paper describes two FM multiplex demodulators which have been designed for systems employing transistorized FM tuners and stereo AF amplifiers. One adapter uses a frequency doubler as a carrier regenerator and employs the sum-and-difference method of restoring the two stereo channels. The other adapter uses a locked oscillator as a carrier regenerator, a time-share detector, and a stereo program indicator. Automatic switching is accomplished between stereo and monaural reception. Performance of both adapters is discussed, as well as design problems encountered
{"title":"A Transistorized Multiplex Demodulator for FM Stereophonic Reception","authors":"J. Englund, L. Plus","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503249","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes two FM multiplex demodulators which have been designed for systems employing transistorized FM tuners and stereo AF amplifiers. One adapter uses a frequency doubler as a carrier regenerator and employs the sum-and-difference method of restoring the two stereo channels. The other adapter uses a locked oscillator as a carrier regenerator, a time-share detector, and a stereo program indicator. Automatic switching is accomplished between stereo and monaural reception. Performance of both adapters is discussed, as well as design problems encountered","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133196423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503214
Ken Fulton
{"title":"Vertical Deflection Circuits for use with Toroid Yokes","authors":"Ken Fulton","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121657390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503210
G. Theriault
As transistors become available which are comparable with tubes with respect to gain and noise factor at vhf, an evaluation is necessary to establish their performance with respect to cross modulation and modulation distortion. This paper discusses cross modulation and modulation distortion measurements on available r-f transistors.
{"title":"Cross Modulation & Modulation Distortion of RF Transistors","authors":"G. Theriault","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503210","url":null,"abstract":"As transistors become available which are comparable with tubes with respect to gain and noise factor at vhf, an evaluation is necessary to establish their performance with respect to cross modulation and modulation distortion. This paper discusses cross modulation and modulation distortion measurements on available r-f transistors.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134565703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503223
Gerald Randolph, N. Kramer, Richard Kerwin
OTL Power Amplifiers (See figure 1.) The basic types of configuration evolve around either complementary pairs, or the full or half-bridge configuration. The complementary circuit requires a split power supply and matched PNP-NPN power transistors. The practicalities in procuring germanium pairs in reasonably high power ratings exclude this circuit from consideration for the high-fidelity audio amplifier designer. The half-bridge circuit is in most common use at this writing. The variations in design are in the method of drive and the use of either a split power supply or an output capacitor and a single supply.
{"title":"A Self-Protecting Transistor Power Amplifier","authors":"Gerald Randolph, N. Kramer, Richard Kerwin","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503223","url":null,"abstract":"OTL Power Amplifiers (See figure 1.) The basic types of configuration evolve around either complementary pairs, or the full or half-bridge configuration. The complementary circuit requires a split power supply and matched PNP-NPN power transistors. The practicalities in procuring germanium pairs in reasonably high power ratings exclude this circuit from consideration for the high-fidelity audio amplifier designer. The half-bridge circuit is in most common use at this writing. The variations in design are in the method of drive and the use of either a split power supply or an output capacitor and a single supply.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115338542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503212
Sam M. Weaver
{"title":"Transistors in UHF-TV Tuners","authors":"Sam M. Weaver","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114522579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503221
W. King
Commercial FM broadcast-band vacuum-tube receivers have been with us for many years. Generally they have been of the relatively expensive, high-fidelity, entertainment type. However, with the advent of competitive transistors having VHF capabilities, the FM receiver market has been considerably expanded. Our country alone saw the birth of 173 new FM transmitting stations in the last sixteen months. The total number of FM stations broadcasting as of the end of April of this year was 988. It is expected that this growth of FM will be accelerated due to the over-crowding of the AM spectrum and FCC approval of multiplex stereo.
{"title":"A Two-Transistor FM Broadcast Band Tuner for a 12-Volt Automobile System","authors":"W. King","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503221","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial FM broadcast-band vacuum-tube receivers have been with us for many years. Generally they have been of the relatively expensive, high-fidelity, entertainment type. However, with the advent of competitive transistors having VHF capabilities, the FM receiver market has been considerably expanded. Our country alone saw the birth of 173 new FM transmitting stations in the last sixteen months. The total number of FM stations broadcasting as of the end of April of this year was 988. It is expected that this growth of FM will be accelerated due to the over-crowding of the AM spectrum and FCC approval of multiplex stereo.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124931700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503222
D. W. Ruby
Consideration of the reduced signal-to-noise ratio inherent in an FM stereophonic receiver is followed by a discussion of the design of an FM tuner suitable for stereophonic receivers.
考虑到FM立体声接收机固有的降低信噪比，随后讨论了适合立体声接收机的FM调谐器的设计。
{"title":"The Design of a Low Cost, High Sensitivity FM Tuner","authors":"D. W. Ruby","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503222","url":null,"abstract":"Consideration of the reduced signal-to-noise ratio inherent in an FM stereophonic receiver is followed by a discussion of the design of an FM tuner suitable for stereophonic receivers.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121982757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503218
H. J. Laurent, Carlos A. B. Carvalho
The design of a broadcast receiver requires consideration of the type of antenna to be used such that the best performance of the system is maintained. In the past, the use of a built-in air loop antenna was common in the design of home receivers and some portables. However, the effectiveness of this type of antenna decreases with its decrease in dimensions. Today, with the widespread use of transistors and the remarkable trend of appreciation of compact devices on the part of the customer, the use of such antenna has been replaced by the use of the ferrite loop antenna. The ferrite rod concentrates in a small area the magnetic flux from a large area, thus reducing the dimensions of the antenna.
{"title":"Ferrite Antennas for A.M. Broadcast Receivers","authors":"H. J. Laurent, Carlos A. B. Carvalho","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503218","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a broadcast receiver requires consideration of the type of antenna to be used such that the best performance of the system is maintained. In the past, the use of a built-in air loop antenna was common in the design of home receivers and some portables. However, the effectiveness of this type of antenna decreases with its decrease in dimensions. Today, with the widespread use of transistors and the remarkable trend of appreciation of compact devices on the part of the customer, the use of such antenna has been replaced by the use of the ferrite loop antenna. The ferrite rod concentrates in a small area the magnetic flux from a large area, thus reducing the dimensions of the antenna.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132557840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1962-07-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503215
J. W. Mathews
It is desirable to use power transistors as switches up to their maximum collector-emitter voltage capability (BVcex). In this type operation, failure phenomena during switch-off have been observed and attributed in the literature to second breakdown, punch through, reach through, pinch off, and various types of energy level effects.
{"title":"Transistor Failure Modes in High Power Switching Operation","authors":"J. W. Mathews","doi":"10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR2.1962.4503215","url":null,"abstract":"It is desirable to use power transistors as switches up to their maximum collector-emitter voltage capability (BVcex). In this type operation, failure phenomena during switch-off have been observed and attributed in the literature to second breakdown, punch through, reach through, pinch off, and various types of energy level effects.","PeriodicalId":136909,"journal":{"name":"Ire Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129242646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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