Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.18584/IIPJ.2020.11.3.10859
N. Spence, V. Chau, M. Farvid, J. White, Paranthaman Rasalingam, L. Loh
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted society. Vulnerable populations are at heightened risk for exposure, as well as adverse health and social consequences. Policymakers are operating under difficult circumstances, making crucial policy decisions to maximize impact and mitigate harm, with limited scientific evidence. This article examines the pronounced vulnerability of Indigenous Peoples in Canada to the pandemic. We highlight the importance of moving beyond individual-level risk factors associated with COVID-19 by identifying and classifying Indigenous communities most vulnerable to the pandemic. We propose the use of a social diagnostic tool, the Community Well-Being Index, rooted in the social determinants of health, to predict community vulnerability and potentially guide policy decision-making in the fight against COVID-19.
{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Policy Decision-Making for a Vulnerable Population","authors":"N. Spence, V. Chau, M. Farvid, J. White, Paranthaman Rasalingam, L. Loh","doi":"10.18584/IIPJ.2020.11.3.10859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2020.11.3.10859","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted society. Vulnerable populations are at heightened risk for exposure, as well as adverse health and social consequences. Policymakers are operating under difficult circumstances, making crucial policy decisions to maximize impact and mitigate harm, with limited scientific evidence. This article examines the pronounced vulnerability of Indigenous Peoples in Canada to the pandemic. We highlight the importance of moving beyond individual-level risk factors associated with COVID-19 by identifying and classifying Indigenous communities most vulnerable to the pandemic. We propose the use of a social diagnostic tool, the Community Well-Being Index, rooted in the social determinants of health, to predict community vulnerability and potentially guide policy decision-making in the fight against COVID-19. ","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10937
Lindsay Day, A. Cunsolo, H. Castleden, Alexandra Sawatzky, Debbie Martin, Catherine Hart, Cate Dewey, S. Harper
Current challenges relating to water governance in Canada are motivating calls for approaches that implement Indigenous and Western knowledge systems together, as well as calls to form equitable partnerships with Indigenous Peoples grounded in respectful Nation-to-Nation relationships. By foregrounding the perspectives of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples, this study explores the nature and dimensions of Indigenous ways of knowing around water and examines what the inclusion of Indigenous voices, lived experience, and knowledge mean for water policy and research. Data were collected during a National Water Gathering that brought together 32 Indigenous and non-Indigenous water experts, researchers, and knowledge holders from across Canada. Data were analyzed thematically through a collaborative podcasting methodology, which also contributed to an audio-documentary podcast (www.WaterDialogues.ca).
{"title":"\"The Legacy Will Be the Change\": Reconciling How We Live with and Relate to Water","authors":"Lindsay Day, A. Cunsolo, H. Castleden, Alexandra Sawatzky, Debbie Martin, Catherine Hart, Cate Dewey, S. Harper","doi":"10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10937","url":null,"abstract":"Current challenges relating to water governance in Canada are motivating calls for approaches that implement Indigenous and Western knowledge systems together, as well as calls to form equitable partnerships with Indigenous Peoples grounded in respectful Nation-to-Nation relationships. By foregrounding the perspectives of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples, this study explores the nature and dimensions of Indigenous ways of knowing around water and examines what the inclusion of Indigenous voices, lived experience, and knowledge mean for water policy and research. Data were collected during a National Water Gathering that brought together 32 Indigenous and non-Indigenous water experts, researchers, and knowledge holders from across Canada. Data were analyzed thematically through a collaborative podcasting methodology, which also contributed to an audio-documentary podcast (www.WaterDialogues.ca).","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48097580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.8206
Hayley Hahn, J. Caldwell, Vandna Sinha
Indigenous children are overrepresented in child protection systems in the United States and to an even greater degree in Canada. Canada has recently passed federal child welfare legislation, Bill C-92, with the goal of affirming the rights of Indigenous Peoples and establishing guidelines with respect to child and family services for Indigenous children. The aim of this article is to contribute to ongoing discussions about the recently passed Canadian legislation, drawing on lessons learned in the United States context. The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), passed in the United States in 1978, has created a legislative paradigm, which in some cases has been bolstered by state-level provisions. The ICWA can provide helpful lessons to consider in Canada as the new legislation is implemented and amended over time. Specifically, we examine elements of the ICWA related to accessibility and compliance with the law, along with deeper analysis of state-level statutes related to adoption provisions in light of the phenomenon of transracial adoption of Indigenous children. As reactions to the Canadian federal law have been mixed, this policy analysis may be supportive of conversations regarding its further development, particularly related to funding and enforcement. On a broader level, considerations of Indigenous community jurisdiction over child and family policies within our discussion are relevant to various settler-colonial contexts.
{"title":"Applying Lessons from the U.S. Indian Child Welfare Act to Recently Passed Federal Child Protection Legislation in Canada","authors":"Hayley Hahn, J. Caldwell, Vandna Sinha","doi":"10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.8206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.8206","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous children are overrepresented in child protection systems in the United States and to an even greater degree in Canada. Canada has recently passed federal child welfare legislation, Bill C-92, with the goal of affirming the rights of Indigenous Peoples and establishing guidelines with respect to child and family services for Indigenous children. The aim of this article is to contribute to ongoing discussions about the recently passed Canadian legislation, drawing on lessons learned in the United States context. The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), passed in the United States in 1978, has created a legislative paradigm, which in some cases has been bolstered by state-level provisions. The ICWA can provide helpful lessons to consider in Canada as the new legislation is implemented and amended over time. Specifically, we examine elements of the ICWA related to accessibility and compliance with the law, along with deeper analysis of state-level statutes related to adoption provisions in light of the phenomenon of transracial adoption of Indigenous children. As reactions to the Canadian federal law have been mixed, this policy analysis may be supportive of conversations regarding its further development, particularly related to funding and enforcement. On a broader level, considerations of Indigenous community jurisdiction over child and family policies within our discussion are relevant to various settler-colonial contexts.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-26DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.8269
E. Sidorova, Roberta Rice
How and why is Indigeneity expressed differently in different contexts? This article examines the articulation and expression of Indigenous Rights in one of the most challenging contexts—that of Siberia in the Soviet Union era. Based on primary, archival research carried out in the Republic of Sakha, Russia, the review finds that re-claiming and re-defining Indigeneity can serve as the first step in crafting an effective challenge to the domination and control exercised by states over Indigenous populations. The study of Indigeneity in unlikely places has important ramifications for Indigenous Peoples worldwide who are struggling against colonial-minded governments that have not only deprived Indigenous Peoples of their lands and resources, but also suppressed their right to self-identification through imposed administrative definitions of Indigeneity.
{"title":"Being Indigenous in an Unlikely Place: Self-Determination in the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920-1991)","authors":"E. Sidorova, Roberta Rice","doi":"10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.8269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.8269","url":null,"abstract":"How and why is Indigeneity expressed differently in different contexts? This article examines the articulation and expression of Indigenous Rights in one of the most challenging contexts—that of Siberia in the Soviet Union era. Based on primary, archival research carried out in the Republic of Sakha, Russia, the review finds that re-claiming and re-defining Indigeneity can serve as the first step in crafting an effective challenge to the domination and control exercised by states over Indigenous populations. The study of Indigeneity in unlikely places has important ramifications for Indigenous Peoples worldwide who are struggling against colonial-minded governments that have not only deprived Indigenous Peoples of their lands and resources, but also suppressed their right to self-identification through imposed administrative definitions of Indigeneity.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44324411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-07DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10679
Lorenzo Cherubini
The COVID-19 pandemic crisis resulted in more than 100 countries legislating school closures in March 2020. In response, provincial ministries and their respective publicly funded school boards have implemented online learning platforms to avoid disruptions to student learning. For students already ostracized in public education, on-line learning may serve to further embed them in the proverbial margins. This editorial speaks to the urgency for educators at all levels to prepare for the potentially devastating outcomes on Indigenous student learning and progress in post-pandemic public schools and classrooms. The preparation for these realities has to be both immediate and retrospective given the complexities of these unique circumstances that have created interwoven layers of marginalization for Indigenous students.
{"title":"Education in the Post-Pandemic Era: Indigenous Children and Youth","authors":"Lorenzo Cherubini","doi":"10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10679","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic crisis resulted in more than 100 countries legislating school closures in March 2020. In response, provincial ministries and their respective publicly funded school boards have implemented online learning platforms to avoid disruptions to student learning. For students already ostracized in public education, on-line learning may serve to further embed them in the proverbial margins. This editorial speaks to the urgency for educators at all levels to prepare for the potentially devastating outcomes on Indigenous student learning and progress in post-pandemic public schools and classrooms. The preparation for these realities has to be both immediate and retrospective given the complexities of these unique circumstances that have created interwoven layers of marginalization for Indigenous students. ","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47306167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10800
Krista Stelkia
The case of Brian Sinclair, a First Nations man who died in a Winnipeg, Manitoba, hospital emergency room in 2008 after waiting 34 hours for medical care to treat a preventable infection, represents the degree to which structural indifference exists within Canadian society. This article reviews the book Structures of Indifference: An Indigenous Life and Death in a Canadian City by Mary Jane Logan McCallum and Adele Perry, published by University of Manitoba Press in 2018. The review will provide a content summary of each chapter along with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the book. A critical analysis of how the authors examined this case, using a place-based approach of the city, the hospital, and life and death of Brian Sinclair, is discussed. The review will identify critical concepts and lessons relevant to the development of Indigenous health policy and practice, which will be applicable to both a national and international audience.
{"title":"Book Review: Structures of Indifference: An Indigenous Life and Death in a Canadian City","authors":"Krista Stelkia","doi":"10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.3.10800","url":null,"abstract":"The case of Brian Sinclair, a First Nations man who died in a Winnipeg, Manitoba, hospital emergency room in 2008 after waiting 34 hours for medical care to treat a preventable infection, represents the degree to which structural indifference exists within Canadian society. This article reviews the book Structures of Indifference: An Indigenous Life and Death in a Canadian City by Mary Jane Logan McCallum and Adele Perry, published by University of Manitoba Press in 2018. The review will provide a content summary of each chapter along with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the book. A critical analysis of how the authors examined this case, using a place-based approach of the city, the hospital, and life and death of Brian Sinclair, is discussed. The review will identify critical concepts and lessons relevant to the development of Indigenous health policy and practice, which will be applicable to both a national and international audience.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46066271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2020.11.1.10211
S. Beetson, Sojen Pradhan, G. Gordon, Jason Ford
In collaboration with Ngemba First Nation in Brewarrina, Australia, this research involves co-designing and co-developing an innovative community digital entrepreneurial platform that includes a mobile app and a website. The methodology is informed by theories of relatedness, Indigenist standpoint, and by the principles of Indigenist research and related ways of being, knowing, and doing research. It uses an Indigenist technology co-design and co-development method (ITCD2). The platform proposes several practical applications, including individual and community entrepreneurship promotion and skills development. This research is motivated by the Australian government’s First Nations priorities through the Close the Gap initiative, including the digital divide, employment and business, and economic development. This research project proposes a paradigm shift from a focus on welfare to a focus on entrepreneurial enterprise.
{"title":"Building a Digital Entrepreneurial Platform Through Local Community Activity and Digital Skills with Ngemba First Nation, Australia","authors":"S. Beetson, Sojen Pradhan, G. Gordon, Jason Ford","doi":"10.18584/iipj.2020.11.1.10211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.1.10211","url":null,"abstract":"In collaboration with Ngemba First Nation in Brewarrina, Australia, this research involves co-designing and co-developing an innovative community digital entrepreneurial platform that includes a mobile app and a website. The methodology is informed by theories of relatedness, Indigenist standpoint, and by the principles of Indigenist research and related ways of being, knowing, and doing research. It uses an Indigenist technology co-design and co-development method (ITCD2). The platform proposes several practical applications, including individual and community entrepreneurship promotion and skills development. This research is motivated by the Australian government’s First Nations priorities through the Close the Gap initiative, including the digital divide, employment and business, and economic development. This research project proposes a paradigm shift from a focus on welfare to a focus on entrepreneurial enterprise.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44727552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-12DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2020.11.2.10692
Nathalie Lachance, Teresa Rose
Since 2015, there has been heightened interest in reconciliation and renewed relationships with Indigenous Peoples. Anchoring our work in the definition of reconciliation provided by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, we, as practitioner-scholars, sought to better understand the preconditions to collaboration among First Nations, the federal government, and the provincial government in Alberta. This participatory action research was conducted with mid- to senior-level public servants, who were involved in the further development and implementation of the 2014 Joint Action Plan to Improve the Health of First Nations in Alberta, in either First Nations, the federal government, or the provincial government. This article concludes that collaboration must consider the negative legacy of relationships between First Nations and federal and provincial governments, as well as between First Nations and settlers.
自2015年以来，各方对和解和与土著人民重建关系的兴趣日益浓厚。我们的工作以加拿大真相与和解委员会(Truth and reconciliation Commission of Canada)对和解的定义为基础，作为实践学者，我们试图更好地理解阿尔伯塔省原住民、联邦政府和省政府之间合作的先决条件。这项参与性行动研究是在土著人、联邦政府或省政府参与进一步制定和执行《2014年改善阿尔伯塔省第一民族健康联合行动计划》的中高级公务员中进行的。本文的结论是，合作必须考虑到原住民与联邦和省政府之间以及原住民与定居者之间关系的负面遗产。
{"title":"More Than Words: Outlining Preconditions to Collaboration Among First Nations, the Federal Government, and the Provincial Government","authors":"Nathalie Lachance, Teresa Rose","doi":"10.18584/iipj.2020.11.2.10692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.2.10692","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2015, there has been heightened interest in reconciliation and renewed relationships with Indigenous Peoples. Anchoring our work in the definition of reconciliation provided by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, we, as practitioner-scholars, sought to better understand the preconditions to collaboration among First Nations, the federal government, and the provincial government in Alberta. This participatory action research was conducted with mid- to senior-level public servants, who were involved in the further development and implementation of the 2014 Joint Action Plan to Improve the Health of First Nations in Alberta, in either First Nations, the federal government, or the provincial government. This article concludes that collaboration must consider the negative legacy of relationships between First Nations and federal and provincial governments, as well as between First Nations and settlers.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47747447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2020.11.2.10635
J. Jull, Alexandra King, Malcolm King, I. Graham, M. M. Ninomiya, K. Jacklin, Penny Moody-Corbett, Julia E. Moore
Research to address the health burdens experienced by Indigenous populations is essential. In the Canadian context, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada determined that these health burdens are the result of policies that have undermined opportunities to address community-level health needs. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research Guidelines for Health Research Involving Aboriginal People (2007-2010), or“CIHR Guidelines,” were prepared in a national consultation process involving Inuit, Metis, and First Nations communities, researchers, and institutions. This paper asserts that the principles espoused in the CIHR Guidelines hold ongoing potential to guide health research with Indigenous people in ways that promote equitable research partnerships. We encourage those in research environments to engage with the spirit and content of the CIHR Guidelines.
{"title":"A Principled Approach to Research Conducted with Inuit, Métis, and First Nations People: Promoting Engagement Inspired by the CIHR Guidelines for Health Research Involving Aboriginal People (2007-2010)","authors":"J. Jull, Alexandra King, Malcolm King, I. Graham, M. M. Ninomiya, K. Jacklin, Penny Moody-Corbett, Julia E. Moore","doi":"10.18584/iipj.2020.11.2.10635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.2.10635","url":null,"abstract":"Research to address the health burdens experienced by Indigenous populations is essential. In the Canadian context, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada determined that these health burdens are the result of policies that have undermined opportunities to address community-level health needs. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research Guidelines for Health Research Involving Aboriginal People (2007-2010), or“CIHR Guidelines,” were prepared in a national consultation process involving Inuit, Metis, and First Nations communities, researchers, and institutions. This paper asserts that the principles espoused in the CIHR Guidelines hold ongoing potential to guide health research with Indigenous people in ways that promote equitable research partnerships. We encourage those in research environments to engage with the spirit and content of the CIHR Guidelines.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46782168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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