J. Lavoie, W. Phillips-Beck, K. Kinew, Stephanie Sinclair, Grace Kyoon-Achan, A. Katz
This study tested the assumption that geographical isolation is associated with poorer population health outcomes among First Nations in Manitoba. Our results show higher premature mortality rates (PMR) in northern communities, declining slower than for any other Manitoba communities. Our results also show lower ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) hospitalization rate in the North, suggesting barriers to prevention and early diagnosis. There remains a large gap in ACSC hospitalization rates between First Nations and all Manitobans. Further research is warranted to understand the relationship between the changes in the rates of ACSC and the difference in the rates between northern and southern communities.
{"title":"Is Geographical Isolation Associated with Poorer Outcomes for Northern Manitoba First Nation Communities?","authors":"J. Lavoie, W. Phillips-Beck, K. Kinew, Stephanie Sinclair, Grace Kyoon-Achan, A. Katz","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.15263/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.15263/v1","url":null,"abstract":"This study tested the assumption that geographical isolation is associated with poorer population health outcomes among First Nations in Manitoba. Our results show higher premature mortality rates (PMR) in northern communities, declining slower than for any other Manitoba communities. Our results also show lower ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) hospitalization rate in the North, suggesting barriers to prevention and early diagnosis. There remains a large gap in ACSC hospitalization rates between First Nations and all Manitobans. Further research is warranted to understand the relationship between the changes in the rates of ACSC and the difference in the rates between northern and southern communities.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-12DOI: 10.18584/iipj.2019.10.3.8251
J. Poesche
The objective of this conceptual article is to make the case that Indigenous Cemānáhuacan nations’ sovereignty is valid throughout all of Cemānáhuac (the Americas), thus rendering settler colonial laws illegitimate and illegal. This in turn means that firms need to abide by Indigenous Cemānáhuacan nations’ laws. Theories relating to business, business ethics, compliance, and sustainability reflecting the assumptions of settler colonial sovereignty need to be reworked to take into account the ethical and legal reality of Indigenous Cemānáhuacan nations’ sovereignty. Without coercion-free recognition from Indigenous Cemānáhuacan nations, firms cannot accept any claim of government authority, ownership, or sovereignty made by settler colonial states. This article closes a gap in the literature between Indigenous sovereignty and business ethics in a settler colonial context.
{"title":"Business Ethics and Sovereignty in Settler Colonial States","authors":"J. Poesche","doi":"10.18584/iipj.2019.10.3.8251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2019.10.3.8251","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this conceptual article is to make the case that Indigenous Cemānáhuacan nations’ sovereignty is valid throughout all of Cemānáhuac (the Americas), thus rendering settler colonial laws illegitimate and illegal. This in turn means that firms need to abide by Indigenous Cemānáhuacan nations’ laws. Theories relating to business, business ethics, compliance, and sustainability reflecting the assumptions of settler colonial sovereignty need to be reworked to take into account the ethical and legal reality of Indigenous Cemānáhuacan nations’ sovereignty. Without coercion-free recognition from Indigenous Cemānáhuacan nations, firms cannot accept any claim of government authority, ownership, or sovereignty made by settler colonial states. This article closes a gap in the literature between Indigenous sovereignty and business ethics in a settler colonial context.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43512679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.3.8165
Rosalie Schultz, Stephen Quinn, Tammy Abbott, Sheree Cairney, J. Yamaguchi
Wellbeing is a useful indicator of social progress because its subjectivity accounts for diverse aspirations. The Interplay research project developed a wellbeing framework for Aboriginal people in remote Australia comprising government and community wellbeing priorities. This article describes statistical modelling of community priorities based on surveys administered by community researchers to 841 participants from four remote settlements. Constructs for Aboriginal language literacy, cultural practice, and empowerment were identified through exploratory factor analysis (EFA); structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to confirm relationships. Cultural practice was associated with Aboriginal language literacy and empowerment, which were both associated with wellbeing. Aboriginal literacy and empowerment mediated negative direct relationships between cultural practice and wellbeing. Direct relationships were significant only for females for whom empowerment and Aboriginal literacy appear key to enhancing wellbeing.
{"title":"Quantification of Interplaying Relationships Between Wellbeing Priorities of Aboriginal People in Remote Australia","authors":"Rosalie Schultz, Stephen Quinn, Tammy Abbott, Sheree Cairney, J. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.3.8165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.3.8165","url":null,"abstract":"Wellbeing is a useful indicator of social progress because its subjectivity accounts for diverse aspirations. The Interplay research project developed a wellbeing framework for Aboriginal people in remote Australia comprising government and community wellbeing priorities. This article describes statistical modelling of community priorities based on surveys administered by community researchers to 841 participants from four remote settlements. Constructs for Aboriginal language literacy, cultural practice, and empowerment were identified through exploratory factor analysis (EFA); structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to confirm relationships. Cultural practice was associated with Aboriginal language literacy and empowerment, which were both associated with wellbeing. Aboriginal literacy and empowerment mediated negative direct relationships between cultural practice and wellbeing. Direct relationships were significant only for females for whom empowerment and Aboriginal literacy appear key to enhancing wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48855291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-04DOI: 10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.3.8133
Gordon Robert Boot, A. Lowell
Enhancing health literacy can empower individuals and communities to take control over their health as well as improve safety and quality in healthcare. However, Indigenous health studies have repeatedly suggested that conceptualisations of health literacy are confined to Western knowledge, paradigms, and practices. The exploratory qualitative research design selected for this study used an inductive content analysis approach and systematic iterative analysis. Publicly available health literacy-related policy and practice documents originating from Australia, Canada, and New Zealand were analysed to explore the extent to which and the ways in which Indigenous knowledges are recognised, acknowledged, and promoted. Findings suggest that active promotion of Indigenous-specific health knowledges and approaches is limited and guidance to support recognition of such knowledges in practice is rare. Given that health services play a pivotal role in enhancing health literacy, policies and guidelines need to ensure that health services appropriately address and increase awareness of the diverse strengths and needs of Indigenous Peoples. The provision of constructive support, resources, and training opportunities is essential for Indigenous knowledges to be recognised and promoted within health services. Ensuring that Indigenous communities have the opportunity to autonomously conceptualise health literacy policy and practice is critical to decolonising health care.
{"title":"Acknowledging and Promoting Indigenous Knowledges, Paradigms, and Practices Within Health Literacy-Related Policy and Practice Documents Across Australia, Canada, and New Zealand","authors":"Gordon Robert Boot, A. Lowell","doi":"10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.3.8133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.3.8133","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing health literacy can empower individuals and communities to take control over their health as well as improve safety and quality in healthcare. However, Indigenous health studies have repeatedly suggested that conceptualisations of health literacy are confined to Western knowledge, paradigms, and practices. The exploratory qualitative research design selected for this study used an inductive content analysis approach and systematic iterative analysis. Publicly available health literacy-related policy and practice documents originating from Australia, Canada, and New Zealand were analysed to explore the extent to which and the ways in which Indigenous knowledges are recognised, acknowledged, and promoted. Findings suggest that active promotion of Indigenous-specific health knowledges and approaches is limited and guidance to support recognition of such knowledges in practice is rare. Given that health services play a pivotal role in enhancing health literacy, policies and guidelines need to ensure that health services appropriately address and increase awareness of the diverse strengths and needs of Indigenous Peoples. The provision of constructive support, resources, and training opportunities is essential for Indigenous knowledges to be recognised and promoted within health services. Ensuring that Indigenous communities have the opportunity to autonomously conceptualise health literacy policy and practice is critical to decolonising health care.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42324586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.3.8081
C. McLeod, N. Adunuri
This article provides a review of the memoir The Reason You Walk by Wab Kinew.
这篇文章提供了对回忆录《你走路的原因》的回顾。
{"title":"Book Review: The Reason You Walk","authors":"C. McLeod, N. Adunuri","doi":"10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.3.8081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.3.8081","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a review of the memoir The Reason You Walk by Wab Kinew.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46230987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.6
Emmanuel Guematcha
The truth commission of Guatemala stated that a genocide was committed against Indigenous Peoples in Guatemala. The truth commission of Canada concluded that a cultural genocide was committed against Aboriginal Peoples in Canada. The article questions the contribution of the truth commissions of Guatemala and Canada to the recognition of a genocide. Their contribution is analyzed in two areas. The article argues that the work of the two truth commissions shows that the context of a country and the perception of the crime influence the findings on genocide. It also states that the work of the two truth commissions on genocide is part of a movement towards an evolution of the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention.
{"title":"Genocide Against Indigenous Peoples: The Experiences of the Truth Commissions of Canada and Guatemala","authors":"Emmanuel Guematcha","doi":"10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The truth commission of Guatemala stated that a genocide was committed against Indigenous Peoples in Guatemala. The truth commission of Canada concluded that a cultural genocide was committed against Aboriginal Peoples in Canada. The article questions the contribution of the truth commissions of Guatemala and Canada to the recognition of a genocide. Their contribution is analyzed in two areas. The article argues that the work of the two truth commissions shows that the context of a country and the perception of the crime influence the findings on genocide. It also states that the work of the two truth commissions on genocide is part of a movement towards an evolution of the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48476397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-24DOI: 10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.5
M. Mayan, R. Gokiert, T. Robinson, M. Tremblay, S. Abonyi, Kirstyn Morley, R. Long
Indigenous Peoples in Canada experience disproportionately high tuberculosis (TB) rates, and those living in the Prairie Provinces have the most advanced TB presentations (Health Canada, 2009). The community settings (i.e., urban centres, non-remote reserves, remote reserves, and isolated reserves) where Indigenous Peoples live can help explain high TB rates. Through qualitative description, we identify how community setting influenced Indigenous people’s experiences by (a) delaying accurate diagnoses; (b) perpetuating shame and stigma; and (c) limiting understanding of the disease. Participants living in urban centres experienced significant difficulties obtaining an accurate diagnosis. Reserve community participants feared being shamed and stigmatized. TB information had little impact on participants’ TB knowledge, regardless of where they lived. Multiple misdiagnoses (primarily among urban centre participants), being shamed for having the disease (primarily reserve community participants), and a lack of understanding of TB can all contribute to advanced presentations and high rates of the disease among Indigenous Peoples of the Prairie Provinces.
{"title":"Community Setting as a Determinant of Health for Indigenous Peoples Living in the Prairie Provinces of Canada: High Rates and Advanced Presentations of Tuberculosis","authors":"M. Mayan, R. Gokiert, T. Robinson, M. Tremblay, S. Abonyi, Kirstyn Morley, R. Long","doi":"10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous Peoples in Canada experience disproportionately high tuberculosis (TB) rates, and those living in the Prairie Provinces have the most advanced TB presentations (Health Canada, 2009). The community settings (i.e., urban centres, non-remote reserves, remote reserves, and isolated reserves) where Indigenous Peoples live can help explain high TB rates. Through qualitative description, we identify how community setting influenced Indigenous people’s experiences by (a) delaying accurate diagnoses; (b) perpetuating shame and stigma; and (c) limiting understanding of the disease. Participants living in urban centres experienced significant difficulties obtaining an accurate diagnosis. Reserve community participants feared being shamed and stigmatized. TB information had little impact on participants’ TB knowledge, regardless of where they lived. Multiple misdiagnoses (primarily among urban centre participants), being shamed for having the disease (primarily reserve community participants), and a lack of understanding of TB can all contribute to advanced presentations and high rates of the disease among Indigenous Peoples of the Prairie Provinces.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-21DOI: 10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.4
E. George, T. Mackean, F. Baum, Matt Fisher
Despite evidence showing the importance of social determinants of Indigenous health and Indigenous rights for health and equity, they are not always recognised within policy. This scoping review identified research on public policy and Indigenous health through a systematic search. Key themes identified included the impact of ongoing colonisation; the central role of government in realising rights; and the difficulties associated with the provision of mainstream services for Indigenous Peoples, including tokenism towards Indigenous issues and the legacy of past policies of assimilation. Our approach to problem representation was guided by Bacchi (2009). Findings from the review show social determinants of Indigenous health and Indigenous rights may be acknowledged in policy rhetoric, but they are not always a priority for action within policy implementation.
{"title":"Social Determinants of Indigenous Health and Indigenous Rights in Policy: A Scoping Review and Analysis of Problem Representation","authors":"E. George, T. Mackean, F. Baum, Matt Fisher","doi":"10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Despite evidence showing the importance of social determinants of Indigenous health and Indigenous rights for health and equity, they are not always recognised within policy. This scoping review identified research on public policy and Indigenous health through a systematic search. Key themes identified included the impact of ongoing colonisation; the central role of government in realising rights; and the difficulties associated with the provision of mainstream services for Indigenous Peoples, including tokenism towards Indigenous issues and the legacy of past policies of assimilation. Our approach to problem representation was guided by Bacchi (2009). Findings from the review show social determinants of Indigenous health and Indigenous rights may be acknowledged in policy rhetoric, but they are not always a priority for action within policy implementation.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43347157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-10DOI: 10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.3
C. Barnabe, Jean Miller, Sylvia Teare, Casey Eaglespeaker, Brenda Roland, N. Eshkakogan, L. Crowshoe, E. Lopatina, D. Marshall
Health system innovations that better support Indigenous patients, particularly in urban settings, exist in primary health services, but this has not been translated and integrated into specialty care. We sought to identify the experiences of urban First Nations and Métis patients with inflammatory arthritis in accessing and navigating the health system. We used a qualitative research method called Patient and Community Engagement Research Program (PaCER) led by patients using an iterative three phase process: Set, Collect, and Reflect. Initial access and continuity of specialty care can be facilitated with collaboration between primary and specialty care in an urban Indigenous health service model, where health system change was built on culturally responsive models of care.
{"title":"Solution Model for Enhancing the Experiences of Urban First Nations and Métis Patients Accessing and Navigating the Health System for Inflammatory Arthritis Care","authors":"C. Barnabe, Jean Miller, Sylvia Teare, Casey Eaglespeaker, Brenda Roland, N. Eshkakogan, L. Crowshoe, E. Lopatina, D. Marshall","doi":"10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Health system innovations that better support Indigenous patients, particularly in urban settings, exist in primary health services, but this has not been translated and integrated into specialty care. We sought to identify the experiences of urban First Nations and Métis patients with inflammatory arthritis in accessing and navigating the health system. We used a qualitative research method called Patient and Community Engagement Research Program (PaCER) led by patients using an iterative three phase process: Set, Collect, and Reflect. Initial access and continuity of specialty care can be facilitated with collaboration between primary and specialty care in an urban Indigenous health service model, where health system change was built on culturally responsive models of care.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48492336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-06DOI: 10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.2
Simon Lambert, J. Scott
With more frequent and more intense disasters, disaster risk reduction (DRR) has become increasingly important as a fundamental approach to sustainable development. Indigenous communities hold a unique position in DRR discourse in that they are often more vulnerable than non-Indigenous groups and yet also hold traditional knowledges that enable a greater understanding of hazards and disasters. This article provides an overview of multilateral agreements for incorporating Indigenous Peoples into wider debates on disaster policies as well as development agendas. Essential DRR strategies can be adapted for Indigenous communities through respect for Indigenous approaches in coordinating alliances; culturally appropriate incentives; accurate, appropriate, and ethical data collection; acknowledgment of Indigenous land use practices; use of Indigenous language, leadership, and institutions; collaboration with Indigenous knowledges; and acceptance of traditional healing approaches.
{"title":"International Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies and Indigenous Peoples","authors":"Simon Lambert, J. Scott","doi":"10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18584/IIPJ.2019.10.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"With more frequent and more intense disasters, disaster risk reduction (DRR) has become increasingly important as a fundamental approach to sustainable development. Indigenous communities hold a unique position in DRR discourse in that they are often more vulnerable than non-Indigenous groups and yet also hold traditional knowledges that enable a greater understanding of hazards and disasters. This article provides an overview of multilateral agreements for incorporating Indigenous Peoples into wider debates on disaster policies as well as development agendas. Essential DRR strategies can be adapted for Indigenous communities through respect for Indigenous approaches in coordinating alliances; culturally appropriate incentives; accurate, appropriate, and ethical data collection; acknowledgment of Indigenous land use practices; use of Indigenous language, leadership, and institutions; collaboration with Indigenous knowledges; and acceptance of traditional healing approaches.","PeriodicalId":13707,"journal":{"name":"International Indigenous Policy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47095156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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