Ritika Sahajwani, M. Srivastava, Anamika Srivastava, Chanchal Parashar, Agrima Singh, P. Kaur, J. Dwivedi
The overview of this review article depends on the various techniques of formation of silver nanoparticles and different application take place in medicinal point of view. The branch of nanotechnology plays an important role in medical science research. In this different nanoparticle is synthesized which have various application in gene delivery, drug delivery and reduce the toxic effect of drugs in the human body and also act as an antibacterial in pharmaceutical industries. In recent days silver nanoparticles have had an important role due to their optical and catalytic properties. A large number of different particles or methods are used to prepare the different shapes of silver nanoparticles used in drug delivery. Different shapes of nanoparticles have increased their demand in various researches depend on medicinal uses. Silver nanoparticle preparation can be studied by 3 techniques related to irradiations, chemicals, bacteria, fungi, and plants. Nanomedicine have a large number of advantages in treating various chronic diseases by using biological agents, chemotherapeutic agents, and used to deliver the drug to a specific site of the body. A silver nanoparticle is prepared for detection tool to detect the adverse effect of diseases on the target cell. Nanoparticles are used in cancer therapy to remove the damaged cell of the body.
{"title":"Advanced Materials in Cancer Therapy","authors":"Ritika Sahajwani, M. Srivastava, Anamika Srivastava, Chanchal Parashar, Agrima Singh, P. Kaur, J. Dwivedi","doi":"10.18510/gctl.2021.721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2021.721","url":null,"abstract":"The overview of this review article depends on the various techniques of formation of silver nanoparticles and different application take place in medicinal point of view. \u0000The branch of nanotechnology plays an important role in medical science research. In this different nanoparticle is synthesized which have various application in gene delivery, drug delivery and reduce the toxic effect of drugs in the human body and also act as an antibacterial in pharmaceutical industries. \u0000In recent days silver nanoparticles have had an important role due to their optical and catalytic properties. A large number of different particles or methods are used to prepare the different shapes of silver nanoparticles used in drug delivery. Different shapes of nanoparticles have increased their demand in various researches depend on medicinal uses. Silver nanoparticle preparation can be studied by 3 techniques related to irradiations, chemicals, bacteria, fungi, and plants. \u0000Nanomedicine have a large number of advantages in treating various chronic diseases by using biological agents, chemotherapeutic agents, and used to deliver the drug to a specific site of the body. A silver nanoparticle is prepared for detection tool to detect the adverse effect of diseases on the target cell. Nanoparticles are used in cancer therapy to remove the damaged cell of the body. ","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130669474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the study: Heavy metals in food (vegetables, etc.) are harmful to humans due to their non-biodegradable nature, long biological half-lives, and their potential to accumulate in different body parts. Prolonged consumption of such heavy metal contaminated vegetables through foodstuffs may lead to chronic accumulation of heavy metals in human beings' kidneys and liver, disrupting numerous biochemical processes, leading to cardiovascular, neural, kidney and bone diseases. Method: The study on heavy metal concentrations in vegetables grown in the command areas of Varthur lake, Bangalore. The collected vegetable samples were analyzed using ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy) technique to assess the level of heavy metal in acid digested samples. Main Findings: The study has shown a significant accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables that correlated well with its concentrations in soil and lake water. The prolonged irrigation of vegetables using contaminated lake water has led to soil contamination, which ultimately resulted in contamination of vegetables due to the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in edible portions of vegetables. Application of the Study: Urgent attention is needed to devise and implement appropriate means of regular monitoring of the toxic heavy metals from domestic sewage and industrial effluent and provide proper advice and support for the safe and productive use of wastewater for irrigation purposes to prevent excessive buildup of heavy metals in the food chain.
{"title":"HEAVY METALS IN THE FOOD CHAIN - CONSEQUENCES OF POLLUTING WATER BODIES","authors":"T. Ramchandra, N. Narayan","doi":"10.18510/GCTL.2021.712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/GCTL.2021.712","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: Heavy metals in food (vegetables, etc.) are harmful to humans due to their non-biodegradable nature, long biological half-lives, and their potential to accumulate in different body parts. Prolonged consumption of such heavy metal contaminated vegetables through foodstuffs may lead to chronic accumulation of heavy metals in human beings' kidneys and liver, disrupting numerous biochemical processes, leading to cardiovascular, neural, kidney and bone diseases. \u0000Method: The study on heavy metal concentrations in vegetables grown in the command areas of Varthur lake, Bangalore. The collected vegetable samples were analyzed using ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy) technique to assess the level of heavy metal in acid digested samples. \u0000Main Findings: The study has shown a significant accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables that correlated well with its concentrations in soil and lake water. The prolonged irrigation of vegetables using contaminated lake water has led to soil contamination, which ultimately resulted in contamination of vegetables due to the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals in edible portions of vegetables. \u0000Application of the Study: Urgent attention is needed to devise and implement appropriate means of regular monitoring of the toxic heavy metals from domestic sewage and industrial effluent and provide proper advice and support for the safe and productive use of wastewater for irrigation purposes to prevent excessive buildup of heavy metals in the food chain.","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128979477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The chemistry society has activated to expand new chemistry that is less destructive to the environment and human health. This approach has extensive interest and designated as green chemistry, environmentally friendly chemistry, clean chemistry, and atom economy. Methodology: There is advancement toward involved chemistry with the facts and do not prevent the properties of the target compound or the efficacy of particular solvents or reagents. The use of chemistry in a way that maximizes benefits while reducing adverse effects has come to be green chemistry. Main findings: Reduce the use and formation of harmful products or by-products. Presently maximum pollution to the environment is caused by some chemical industries. So, need to design and develop synthetic methods in such a way that the waste products are lowest and have no effect on the environment and their handy disposal. Applications of the work: Green chemistry plays a vital role in pharmaceuticals for developing new drugs which are less toxic, more effective with low side effects. The novelty of the work: The industries performing manufacturing using green synthesis methods to carrying out their productions have positive impacts on environmental sustainability. This review is looking ahead at longer-term challenges and prospects in research, industrial applications, and education.
{"title":"GREEN SYNTHESIS, GREEN CHEMISTRY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY","authors":"M. Asif","doi":"10.18510/GCTL.2021.713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/GCTL.2021.713","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The chemistry society has activated to expand new chemistry that is less destructive to the environment and human health. This approach has extensive interest and designated as green chemistry, environmentally friendly chemistry, clean chemistry, and atom economy. \u0000Methodology: There is advancement toward involved chemistry with the facts and do not prevent the properties of the target compound or the efficacy of particular solvents or reagents. The use of chemistry in a way that maximizes benefits while reducing adverse effects has come to be green chemistry. \u0000Main findings: Reduce the use and formation of harmful products or by-products. Presently maximum pollution to the environment is caused by some chemical industries. So, need to design and develop synthetic methods in such a way that the waste products are lowest and have no effect on the environment and their handy disposal. \u0000Applications of the work: Green chemistry plays a vital role in pharmaceuticals for developing new drugs which are less toxic, more effective with low side effects. \u0000The novelty of the work: The industries performing manufacturing using green synthesis methods to carrying out their productions have positive impacts on environmental sustainability. This review is looking ahead at longer-term challenges and prospects in research, industrial applications, and education.","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123296081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the study: Optimizing the process of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by biosorption using a genetic algorithm. Methodology: The main steps followed were, determination of the wavelength at maximum absorbance (λmax), drawing the calibration curve between the absorbance and the concentration of diclofenac sodium, designing the experiment using Design-Expert software, finding the percentage removal of diclofenac sodium for each run, obtaining the model equation of the analysis, finding the optimized condition using genetic algorithm in MATLAB software, running the experiment at the optimized conditions and analyzing the results. Main Findings: The technique used in the optimizing process was effective, in which the percentage removal was obtained as 8.73% at the optimized conditions. It was equivalent to 3.43 mg removal / g of activated carbon. Applications of this study: This technique can be applied in different industries especially the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Novelty/Originality of this study: Using genetic algorithm in order to find the optimized condition of removing diclofenac sodium based on a set of data.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY BIOSORPTION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM","authors":"O. B. Abdallah, P. Dwivedi","doi":"10.18510/GCTL.2020.624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/GCTL.2020.624","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: Optimizing the process of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by biosorption using a genetic algorithm. \u0000Methodology: The main steps followed were, determination of the wavelength at maximum absorbance (λmax), drawing the calibration curve between the absorbance and the concentration of diclofenac sodium, designing the experiment using Design-Expert software, finding the percentage removal of diclofenac sodium for each run, obtaining the model equation of the analysis, finding the optimized condition using genetic algorithm in MATLAB software, running the experiment at the optimized conditions and analyzing the results. \u0000Main Findings: The technique used in the optimizing process was effective, in which the percentage removal was obtained as 8.73% at the optimized conditions. It was equivalent to 3.43 mg removal / g of activated carbon. \u0000Applications of this study: This technique can be applied in different industries especially the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. \u0000Novelty/Originality of this study: Using genetic algorithm in order to find the optimized condition of removing diclofenac sodium based on a set of data.","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130347798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study is to do the comparison of the chemical constituents present in the leaves of Aloe Vera (A. barbadensis Mill) plant grown in different soil combinations using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) data analysis. Plants were grown in two different combinations of soil, one in normal soil and the other in the combination of normal soil and solid chemical waste obtained from the chemistry laboratory of an educational institute. Methodology: One Aloe Vera (A. barbadensis Mill) plant was grown in normal soil without adding any compost or any fertilizer to the soil. The other plant was grown in soil, which was combined with the solid chemical waste collected from the chemistry laboratory. After observing the morphological characters of the plants, plants were studied for the chemical constituents present in them by using GC-MS data analysis technique. Main Findings: Growth of plants depends on the soil composition, physical characters and the surrounding environment. How the variation in chemical composition of soil affects the chemical constituents of plant leaves, has been discussed in this paper. According to morphological characters the Aloe Vera (A. barbadensis Mill) plant grown with soil combined with solid chemical waste has shown better results compared with the one grown in normal soil. GC-MS results also indicated variation in the chemical constitution of plant leaves taken for the research experiment. Applications of this study: This study has helped to understand that the soil environment and soil nutrients are largely responsible for the changes in chemical constituents of plants. This study can be applied to the other plants as well. Novelty/Originality of this study: In place of fertilizers, solid chemical waste from the laboratory was used for the research purpose. The method is useful and if implemented on a large scale, will help to curb pollution caused by educational institutes to some extent. This kind of research is not done previously by any other researcher.
{"title":"THE COMPARISON OF GC-MS DATA OF LEAVES OF ALOE VERA (A. BARBADENSIS MILL) PLANT GROWN IN DIFFERENT SOIL COMBINATIONS WITH CHEMICAL LAB WASTES","authors":"P. Rai, Harsha M Chatrath","doi":"10.18510/GCTL.2020.623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/GCTL.2020.623","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study is to do the comparison of the chemical constituents present in the leaves of Aloe Vera (A. barbadensis Mill) plant grown in different soil combinations using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) data analysis. Plants were grown in two different combinations of soil, one in normal soil and the other in the combination of normal soil and solid chemical waste obtained from the chemistry laboratory of an educational institute. \u0000Methodology: One Aloe Vera (A. barbadensis Mill) plant was grown in normal soil without adding any compost or any fertilizer to the soil. The other plant was grown in soil, which was combined with the solid chemical waste collected from the chemistry laboratory. After observing the morphological characters of the plants, plants were studied for the chemical constituents present in them by using GC-MS data analysis technique. \u0000Main Findings: Growth of plants depends on the soil composition, physical characters and the surrounding environment. How the variation in chemical composition of soil affects the chemical constituents of plant leaves, has been discussed in this paper. According to morphological characters the Aloe Vera (A. barbadensis Mill) plant grown with soil combined with solid chemical waste has shown better results compared with the one grown in normal soil. GC-MS results also indicated variation in the chemical constitution of plant leaves taken for the research experiment. \u0000Applications of this study: This study has helped to understand that the soil environment and soil nutrients are largely responsible for the changes in chemical constituents of plants. This study can be applied to the other plants as well. \u0000Novelty/Originality of this study: In place of fertilizers, solid chemical waste from the laboratory was used for the research purpose. The method is useful and if implemented on a large scale, will help to curb pollution caused by educational institutes to some extent. This kind of research is not done previously by any other researcher. ","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129472953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to make sure that the Bird valley’s quarry water is suitable for drinking purposes or not and to monitor the seasonal variations in the physico-chemical parameters of this quarry water. Methodology: Water samples from the quarry were collected in clean and sterilized polyethylene bottles. Water samples were collected from different points and mixed together to get an integrated sample. Some of the selected physico-chemical parameters of the quarry water have been analyzed. Results were compared with standard limits of IS: 10500-2012. All the parameters were analyzed in the laboratory by using standard methods and techniques. Main Findings: As per the obtained results this quarry water contains a very large number of Coliforms detected in the months of September and December and in June month Coliform count was 33 CFU/ml. This overall result for coliform is making this quarry water unfit for domestic purposes. Applications of this study: This study helps us to understand the current condition of this quarry water and also enables us to know whether the quarry water is fit for drinking purposes. It also enables us to know whether this quarry water can be used for domestic purposes after the treatment. Novelty/Originality of this study: Bird valley’s quarry water has not been analyzed from this point of view till date. This study will help us to understand the present condition of the water.
{"title":"STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIRD VALLEY’S QUARRY WATER PCMC, MAHARASHTRA","authors":"Shashikala Kokcha, Harsha M Chatrath","doi":"10.18510/GCTL.2020.622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/GCTL.2020.622","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to make sure that the Bird valley’s quarry water is suitable for drinking purposes or not and to monitor the seasonal variations in the physico-chemical parameters of this quarry water. \u0000Methodology: Water samples from the quarry were collected in clean and sterilized polyethylene bottles. Water samples were collected from different points and mixed together to get an integrated sample. Some of the selected physico-chemical parameters of the quarry water have been analyzed. Results were compared with standard limits of IS: 10500-2012. All the parameters were analyzed in the laboratory by using standard methods and techniques. \u0000Main Findings: As per the obtained results this quarry water contains a very large number of Coliforms detected in the months of September and December and in June month Coliform count was 33 CFU/ml. This overall result for coliform is making this quarry water unfit for domestic purposes. \u0000Applications of this study: This study helps us to understand the current condition of this quarry water and also enables us to know whether the quarry water is fit for drinking purposes. It also enables us to know whether this quarry water can be used for domestic purposes after the treatment. \u0000Novelty/Originality of this study: Bird valley’s quarry water has not been analyzed from this point of view till date. This study will help us to understand the present condition of the water.","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131970550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the study: Microalgae with better carbon sequestration potential, higher biomass, and lipid productivity in comparison to terrestrial counterparts is emerging as a viable sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Diatoms, a subgroup of a broader category of microalgae are well-known for their role as a bio-indicator in palaeo-climatological studies across historical timelines. Understanding ecology, community structure, and habitat preference of diatoms are prerequisites for prioritizing diatom strains towards sustainable biofuel production along with value-added product extraction. Method: Selection of appropriate strains, economically viable harvesting and environmentally sound transesterification are the challenges faced in microalgal industry. The present study focusses on understanding the variability in benthic diatom community assemblages across seasons and its affinity to different substrata at fixed sampling locations in an estuarine eco-system through field sampling for twelve months covering all seasons. Main Findings: The results highlight the tolerance and resilience in select diatom strains in fluctuating water qualities and seasonal variations, the insights much needed during mass cultivation under open environments. Statistical data analyses revealed distinct demarcation between sensitive and tolerant species with selective habitat preferences and resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. Variations of benthic diatom community structure across various substrata highlights substratum affinity of diatom strains. From the inferences derived through field studies, mixed consortia of diatoms were developed, monitored, and optimized for higher biomass and lipid productivity under controlled laboratory conditions. Application of the Study: The results highlight the prospects of phyco-prospecting of indigenously grown diatom strains for sustainable biofuel production.
{"title":"SUSTAINABLE BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM ESTUARINE DIATOMS","authors":"T. V. Ramchandran, S. Gunasekaran","doi":"10.18510/GCTL.2020.621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/GCTL.2020.621","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: Microalgae with better carbon sequestration potential, higher biomass, and lipid productivity in comparison to terrestrial counterparts is emerging as a viable sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Diatoms, a subgroup of a broader category of microalgae are well-known for their role as a bio-indicator in palaeo-climatological studies across historical timelines. Understanding ecology, community structure, and habitat preference of diatoms are prerequisites for prioritizing diatom strains towards sustainable biofuel production along with value-added product extraction. \u0000Method: Selection of appropriate strains, economically viable harvesting and environmentally sound transesterification are the challenges faced in microalgal industry. The present study focusses on understanding the variability in benthic diatom community assemblages across seasons and its affinity to different substrata at fixed sampling locations in an estuarine eco-system through field sampling for twelve months covering all seasons. \u0000Main Findings: The results highlight the tolerance and resilience in select diatom strains in fluctuating water qualities and seasonal variations, the insights much needed during mass cultivation under open environments. Statistical data analyses revealed distinct demarcation between sensitive and tolerant species with selective habitat preferences and resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. Variations of benthic diatom community structure across various substrata highlights substratum affinity of diatom strains. From the inferences derived through field studies, mixed consortia of diatoms were developed, monitored, and optimized for higher biomass and lipid productivity under controlled laboratory conditions. \u0000Application of the Study: The results highlight the prospects of phyco-prospecting of indigenously grown diatom strains for sustainable biofuel production.","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133158068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-13DOI: 10.18510/GCTL.2020.612RE
G. S. Singh, C. Srinivas
Purpose: The review article discusses the title topic describing mostly authors' work on green chemical, photochemical and electrochemical methods for the treatment of organic wastes present in different matrices. Emphasis is mainly placed on the importance of the matrix, associated compounds and the method's selection. Methodology: Different green methods of treatment for organic waste available are reviewed with an outline of scientific principles. Different case studies, from the authors, work, involving the treatment of organic waste present in different matrices are discussed. Available green chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical methods are reviewed, and results obtained are described and discussed. The rationale behind the choice of method was discussed in detail. Laboratory to plant adoption and the considerations therein are considered. Main findings: The selection of treatment method depends on the nature of the organic waste and the matrix in which it is present. This has been brought out in the study. Advanced oxidation and electrochemical oxidation processes are practically useful methods for waste treatment and discussed with case studies. The optimization of the advanced oxidation process is still an empirical approach. It needs a sound scientific base. Applications of the work: The case studies described in the paper enable the proper choice of treatment method among several available options. The study covers the essential green chemical techniques, viz., photochemical and electrochemical techniques. The novelty of the work: Many of the organic substrates subjected to treatment study were rarely reported in the open literature. Laboratory to plant scale development and the factors involved therein have been brought in many places.
{"title":"A REVIEW STUDY ON ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT BY GREEN CHEMISTRY","authors":"G. S. Singh, C. Srinivas","doi":"10.18510/GCTL.2020.612RE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/GCTL.2020.612RE","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The review article discusses the title topic describing mostly authors' work on green chemical, photochemical and electrochemical methods for the treatment of organic wastes present in different matrices. Emphasis is mainly placed on the importance of the matrix, associated compounds and the method's selection. \u0000Methodology: Different green methods of treatment for organic waste available are reviewed with an outline of scientific principles. Different case studies, from the authors, work, involving the treatment of organic waste present in different matrices are discussed. Available green chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical methods are reviewed, and results obtained are described and discussed. The rationale behind the choice of method was discussed in detail. Laboratory to plant adoption and the considerations therein are considered. \u0000Main findings: The selection of treatment method depends on the nature of the organic waste and the matrix in which it is present. This has been brought out in the study. Advanced oxidation and electrochemical oxidation processes are practically useful methods for waste treatment and discussed with case studies. The optimization of the advanced oxidation process is still an empirical approach. It needs a sound scientific base. \u0000Applications of the work: The case studies described in the paper enable the proper choice of treatment method among several available options. The study covers the essential green chemical techniques, viz., photochemical and electrochemical techniques. \u0000The novelty of the work: Many of the organic substrates subjected to treatment study were rarely reported in the open literature. Laboratory to plant scale development and the factors involved therein have been brought in many places.","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131948921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green chemistry involves the design and development of products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of chemicals hazardous to the environment and human health. The principles of green chemistry involve the development of green catalysts and use of non-toxic reagents. Green chemistry emphasizes the use of reactions improved atom efficiency, use of solvent-free or environmentally benign recyclable solvent system and the use of renewable resources. Nowadays, green chemistry plays a new paradigm in the field of agriculture. Sustainable agriculture and green chemistry are both revolutionary fields and intertwined. In the last few years, for sustainable production in agriculture use of renewable biomass resources increases to generate bio-based food products with low inputs, zero waste, substantial social values and minimizing environmental impact. This article provides a good insight into green chemistry principles in sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"APPLICATIONS OF GREEN CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES IN AGRICULTURE","authors":"S. Bhandari","doi":"10.18510/GCTL.2018.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/GCTL.2018.422","url":null,"abstract":"Green chemistry involves the design and development of products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of chemicals hazardous to the environment and human health. The principles of green chemistry involve the development of green catalysts and use of non-toxic reagents. \u0000Green chemistry emphasizes the use of reactions improved atom efficiency, use of solvent-free or environmentally benign recyclable solvent system and the use of renewable resources. \u0000Nowadays, green chemistry plays a new paradigm in the field of agriculture. Sustainable agriculture and green chemistry are both revolutionary fields and intertwined. In the last few years, for sustainable production in agriculture use of renewable biomass resources increases to generate bio-based food products with low inputs, zero waste, substantial social values and minimizing environmental impact. \u0000This article provides a good insight into green chemistry principles in sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126576989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With a view to synthesize and characterize the enhanced pharmaceutical properties of the solid-liquid dispersions of binary drug system through a green chemical technique, the present communication have been undertaken for detailed investigation of thermodynamic and interfacial properties of benzimidazole (BI) and β. naphthol (βN) binary eutectic and non-eutectic drug dispersions. Eutectic solid dispersion was observed at 0.657-mole fraction of β. naphthol (βN) and at melting temperature 90°C. Thermodynamic quantities; Partial and Integral excess Gibbs energy (gE), excess enthalpy (hE), excess entropy (sE) of eutectic and non-eutectic dispersions were determined with the help of activity coefficient data. The negative deviation from ideal behaviour has been seen in the system which refers to a stronger association between unlike molecules during the formation of the binary mix. The negative value of Gibbs free energy of mixing (DGM) refers to the mixing for all eutectic and non-eutectic dispersions are spontaneous. The solid-liquid interfacial characteristics i.e., the entropy of fusion per unit volume (DSV), solid-liquid interfacial energy (s), roughness parameter (α), grain boundary energy and roughness parameter (α) of eutectic and non-eutectic solid dispersions have been reported. The size of the critical nucleus at different undercooling has been found in nanoscale, which may be a big significance in the pharmaceutical world. The value of roughness parameter, α > 2 was observed which manifests the faceted and irregular growth leads in the system.
{"title":"GREEN CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOLID DISPERSIONS OF BENZIMIDAZOLE –Β. NAPHTHOL BINARY DRUG SYSTEM","authors":"H. Shekhar, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.18510/gctl.2018.421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2018.421","url":null,"abstract":"With a view to synthesize and characterize the enhanced pharmaceutical properties of the solid-liquid dispersions of binary drug system through a green chemical technique, the present communication have been undertaken for detailed investigation of thermodynamic and interfacial properties of benzimidazole (BI) and β. naphthol (βN) binary eutectic and non-eutectic drug dispersions. Eutectic solid dispersion was observed at 0.657-mole fraction of β. naphthol (βN) and at melting temperature 90°C. \u0000Thermodynamic quantities; Partial and Integral excess Gibbs energy (gE), excess enthalpy (hE), excess entropy (sE) of eutectic and non-eutectic dispersions were determined with the help of activity coefficient data. The negative deviation from ideal behaviour has been seen in the system which refers to a stronger association between unlike molecules during the formation of the binary mix. The negative value of Gibbs free energy of mixing (DGM) refers to the mixing for all eutectic and non-eutectic dispersions are spontaneous. \u0000The solid-liquid interfacial characteristics i.e., the entropy of fusion per unit volume (DSV), solid-liquid interfacial energy (s), roughness parameter (α), grain boundary energy and roughness parameter (α) of eutectic and non-eutectic solid dispersions have been reported. \u0000The size of the critical nucleus at different undercooling has been found in nanoscale, which may be a big significance in the pharmaceutical world. The value of roughness parameter, α > 2 was observed which manifests the faceted and irregular growth leads in the system.","PeriodicalId":137197,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry & Technology Letters","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122894654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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