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The Status of the French Language in North Africa 法语在北非的地位
Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v6n2p56
Nassima Kerras
This study focuses on the current linguistic situation in certain North African countries and the changing status of the French language during this last year due to ideas proposed to favor the English language (Erling, 2021). First of all, the study analyses the linguistic situation of three countries, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. Then, it discusses the hypothesis and the evolution of the French language in the aforementioned countries. Following that, the methodology is explained. It uses a qualitative approach that is based on the observation to reach appropriate conclusions. The next section examines the status that the French language has in the three mentioned countries to compare it with the previous year (2022). This is according to the information from the summit of Francophonie in Djerba (Kasri, 2022). Finally, the challenges required to improve the situation are reflected upon and relevant conclusions are presented.
这项研究的重点是目前的语言状况在某些北非国家和法语的变化地位,在过去的一年里,由于提出有利于英语的想法(Erling, 2021)。首先,本研究分析了阿尔及利亚、突尼斯和摩洛哥三个国家的语言状况。然后,讨论了这一假设和上述国家法语的演变。然后,解释了方法。它使用基于观察的定性方法来得出适当的结论。下一节将考察法语在上述三个国家的地位,并将其与前一年(2022年)进行比较。这是根据杰尔巴法语国家峰会的信息得出的(Kasri, 2022)。最后,对改善这种情况所需的挑战进行了反思,并提出了有关的结论。
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引用次数: 0
The new Norwegian curriculum and integration of knowledge in textbooks in social studies: a comparative study 挪威新课程与社会研究教科书知识整合:比较研究
Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v6n2p46
Erik Bratland, M. E. Ghami
The new Norwegian curriculum subject renewal is part of an international trend with a shift towards more knowledge-based curriculum, with greater emphasis on subjects and subject concepts, with the aim of realizing in-depth learning in schools. This paper, which is grounded on social realism and Ratas' CDC model, examines, and compares the design of the curriculum and the new textbooks in social studies. The comparative study reveals a gap between the curriculum and the textbooks, with quite different interpretations of the Norwegian curriculum reform. The paper explains why coherence design, which connects subject concepts, content knowledge and competencies, is a prerequisite for in-depth learning in social studies.
新的挪威课程科目更新是国际趋势的一部分,该趋势是向更加以知识为基础的课程转变,更加强调学科和学科概念,目的是在学校实现深度学习。本文以社会现实主义理论和拉塔斯的CDC模型为基础,对社会学科课程设计和新教材的设计进行了考察和比较。对比研究表明,课程与教科书之间存在着差距,对挪威课程改革有着截然不同的解读。本文解释了为什么连贯设计将学科概念、内容知识和能力联系起来,是社会研究深入学习的先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
How is Teachers’ Relational Competence Manifested in Online Higher Education Contexts? 网络高等教育背景下教师的关系能力是如何表现的?
Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v6n2p35
Cecilia Segerby, Jonas Aspelin
Research shows that the teacher-student relationship is a critical factor in students’ learning and development in both traditional and online classrooms. However, research on teachers’ relational competence in online higher education contexts is scarce. The present exploratory study aims to identify manifestations of teachers’ relational competence in such contexts, focusing on teaching in ongoing interactions. Data were collected from three online seminars conducted during year two of special-education teacher training through a university in Sweden; approximately eight hours of video-recorded material was collected. The findings indicate that the teachers’ relational competence is manifested in practice along five main themes: open-ended questions, respectful responses, personal connection, social framing, and humor. We propose that these five themes are important to acknowledge regarding teacher-student relationships in online teaching in higher education. On a more comprehensive level, the article suggests that teachers’ relational competence is an important feature in this educational context also. The results are discussed in light of previous research. Overall, the study contributes by outlining how teachers’ relational competence is manifested in ongoing interactions in pedagogical practice online. Implications for practice and further research are then discussed.
研究表明,师生关系在传统课堂和网络课堂中都是学生学习和发展的关键因素。然而,对网络高等教育背景下教师关系能力的研究却很少。本探索性研究旨在确定教师关系能力在这种情境下的表现,重点关注持续互动中的教学。数据收集自瑞典一所大学在特殊教育教师培训第二年举办的三次在线研讨会;收集了大约8小时的录像材料。研究结果表明,教师的关系能力在实践中表现为五个主要主题:开放式问题、尊重性回答、个人联系、社会框架和幽默。我们认为这五个主题对于高等教育在线教学中的师生关系是很重要的。在更全面的层面上,本文认为教师的关系能力也是这种教育背景下的一个重要特征。结合前人的研究成果,对所得结果进行了讨论。总体而言,该研究概述了教师的关系能力如何在在线教学实践中的持续互动中表现出来。然后讨论了对实践和进一步研究的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Philosophy of Islamic education Based on Moderation Diversity in Indonesia 印尼中庸多元背景下的伊斯兰教教育哲学
Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v6n2p22
A. Akrim
Diversity is an essential condition that cannot be avoided in society. Religion has advantages and disadvantages. This study aims to describe the role of Islamic education philosophy based on the diversity that exists in Indonesia. There are three critical questions in this research that will be answered, namely, about the concept of Islamic education philosophy, the idea of moderation in Indonesia, and the implementation of the moderation philosophy of Islamic education in Indonesia. This research is a literature study and a theoretical study. Sources of data are based on primary data derived from existing theories and also from the results of research that has been carried out. Using a content analysis approach to explain how Islamic religious education is, the efficacy of moderation in Indonesia, and the three implementations of the philosophy of moderation based on Islamic Education in Indonesia, the research findings conclude that there are three concepts. The first is Islamic philosophy. Second education, from the idea of moderation in Indonesia and its implementation. The three Islamic religious education in Indonesia is based on moderation. The results of this study have many shortcomings, especially from data filing and data analysis, which have an impact on the conclusions found. Subsequent research can be carried out to complement and refine the results of this study.
多样性是社会不可避免的基本条件。宗教有优点也有缺点。本研究旨在描述基于印度尼西亚存在的多样性的伊斯兰教育哲学的作用。本研究将回答三个关键问题,即伊斯兰教教育哲学的概念、印尼的中庸思想以及伊斯兰教教育中庸哲学在印尼的实施。本研究既是文献研究,又是理论研究。数据来源基于从现有理论中获得的原始数据,也基于已开展的研究结果。运用内容分析的方法来解释伊斯兰教宗教教育是怎样的,节制在印尼的功效,以及以伊斯兰教教育为基础的节制哲学在印尼的三种实施,研究发现有三个概念。首先是伊斯兰哲学。第二,从印尼的中庸思想及其实施来看教育。印尼的三种伊斯兰宗教教育都是以节制为基础的。本研究的结果存在很多不足,特别是在数据归档和数据分析方面,这对得出的结论产生了影响。后续的研究可以进行补充和完善本研究的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Teaching and Learning - Rethinking Academic Development in Relation to Quality Enhancement 超越教与学-重新思考学术发展与提高质素的关系
Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v6n2p10
Å. Nygren, J. Sjöberg
Higher education (HE) today is a diversified area which has grown expansively in response to a rapidly changing educational and political climate over the past decades. In this age of complexity, development and change are omnipresent and intrinsic parts of the university teacher’s practice, from the development of the teachers’ individual practice at micro-level to the collaborative development of scholarly practice at the meso-level of the department and to the strategic institutional approach at macro-level, which links to employment and promotion frameworks and the recognition of teaching quality. As requirements for pedagogical competence have been built into career structures and criteria for promotion, academic developers have become central to the implementation of these strategies. This development goes hand in hand with the shift in focus from quality assurance to quality enhancement, which has extended the range of professional activities for academic developers. The allowing of the universities to develop their own quality assurance systems, signals a heightened awareness of the importance of ownership and the possibility of influencing quality processes, which in turn relates to national governance strategies of teaching and learning. As the changing educational and political demands on higher education have deeply affected the professional activities of the academic developer and the academic teacher, this article addresses the changes and challenges faced. The aim is to discuss these implications particularly for academic development in this diversified context and to contribute with further knowledge and understanding of structural and organizational prerequisites for the advancement of teaching in higher education.
今天的高等教育(HE)是一个多元化的领域,在过去的几十年里,随着教育和政治气候的迅速变化,高等教育得到了广泛的发展。在这个复杂的时代,发展和变化是大学教师实践的无所不在和内在的组成部分,从微观层面的教师个人实践的发展到系里层面的学术实践的协同发展,再到宏观层面的战略制度方法,这与就业和晋升框架以及对教学质量的认可有关。由于对教学能力的要求已纳入职业结构和晋升标准,学术开发人员已成为执行这些战略的核心。这一发展与从质量保证到提高质量的重点转变密切相关,这扩大了学术开发人员的专业活动范围。允许大学发展自己的质量保证体系,表明提高了对所有权的重要性和影响质量过程的可能性的认识,这反过来又关系到国家教与学的治理战略。随着高等教育的教育和政治需求的变化,深刻影响了学术开发者和学术教师的专业活动,本文阐述了所面临的变化和挑战。目的是讨论这些影响,特别是在这种多样化的背景下的学术发展,并有助于进一步了解和理解高等教育教学进步的结构和组织先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
Bridging the Gap Between Experience-Based Knowledge and the Scientific Knowledge 弥合经验知识与科学知识之间的鸿沟
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v6n2p1
Hilde Ervik, Alex Strømme
The context for this study was to document fishers’ experience-based knowledge is reliable and can be included in citizen science as supplementary information to scientific research. Fishers’ experience-based knowledge contributes to important understanding of the environment and the marine ecosystem. Hence, fishers’ knowledge over time is not always regarded as supplementary knowledge. There is a lack of information on how fishers have acquired reliable knowledge when they have not had formal scientific education and in what way fishers’ knowledge can be used as empirical data. In this study, a survey was conducted by scientific educator within the fishing community of Mausund in Norway. The survey was limited to specifically targeting fishers' knowledge of the migration pattern of the edible crab (Cancer pagurus) in Sulfjorden, Mausund and Frohavet. This study performs in-depth interviews with five fishers at Mausund. The experience-based knowledge acquired by these fishers is first and foremost learnt through intergenerational learning from fathers, grandfathers, and uncles to sons. The study supports existing research on fishers’ experience-based knowledge, which is professional and very precise. Experience-based and local knowledge can be understood as a knowledge contribution of value to the research field of environment monitoring.
本研究的背景是证明渔民基于经验的知识是可靠的,可以作为科学研究的补充信息纳入公民科学。渔民基于经验的知识有助于对环境和海洋生态系统的重要理解。因此,随着时间的推移,渔民的知识并不总是被视为补充知识。缺乏关于渔民在没有接受正规科学教育的情况下如何获得可靠知识以及渔民的知识以何种方式可以用作经验数据的资料。在这项研究中,科学教育工作者在挪威Mausund的渔业社区进行了一项调查。调查仅限于渔民对suljorden、Mausund和Frohavet地区食用蟹(Cancer pagurus)迁徙模式的了解。本研究对Mausund的五位渔民进行了深入访谈。这些渔民获得的基于经验的知识首先是通过父亲、祖父和叔叔向儿子的代际学习来学习的。这项研究支持了现有的关于渔民基于经验的知识的研究,这是专业和非常精确的。经验知识和地方知识可以理解为对环境监测研究领域有价值的知识贡献。
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引用次数: 0
From the Arctic to the Tropics: A Thematic Analysis of Teacher Candidates’ Reflections of Two Cross-Cultural Programs 从北极到热带:对两个跨文化项目的教师候选人思考的主题分析
Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v6n1p20
Laura S. Anderson, J. Higginbotham
This study describes how one university prepares culturally responsive teacher candidates through Alaska and Thailand cross-cultural summer study trips. The study addressed the impact of the Alaska and Thailand cross-cultural experiences on teacher candidates as described in their reflective writings. The reflections addressed their socialization and depth of understanding and appreciation of children and adults from another culture. The authors looked for parallel themes that emerged as characteristics of both experiences.
本研究描述了一所大学如何通过阿拉斯加和泰国的跨文化暑期学习之旅培养文化响应型教师候选人。该研究探讨了阿拉斯加和泰国的跨文化经历对教师候选人反思性写作的影响。这些反思涉及他们的社会化以及对来自另一种文化的儿童和成人的理解和欣赏的深度。作者在这两种经历中寻找相似的主题。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Methods of Teaching Arabic Language in Arabic Schools of Brunei Darussalam According to the Opinions of Its Students: The Grade Seven as a Case Study 从学生意见看文莱达鲁萨兰国阿拉伯语学校阿拉伯语教学方法——以七年级为例
Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v6n1p13
Achmad Yani Imam Subari, Siti Sara Binti Haji Ahmad, Muhammadul Bakir Yaakob, Nazatul Nazihah binti Ramli
This research aims to identify the effectiveness of the methods of teaching the Arabic language in the seventh grade of Arabic schools in the Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam. The researchers distributed the questionnaire to the 221 students studying the Arabic language. After obtaining the data needed for this research, they analyzed it quantitatively and evaluatively to obtain the required results. This research has reached results that the positive aspects of the methods of teaching the Arabic language in the seventh grade of Arabic schools in Brunei Darussalam from the Arabic secondary schools in the Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam are evident in that most of the teachers in the seventh grade of Arabic schools in Brunei Darussalam train their students on the four linguists skills have a percentage of (78.2%), and most of them speak the Arabic language when they teach the Arabic language, and their percentage is (50.4%), and most of them also ask their students to speak the Arabic language in the classroom, and their percentage reached (65.6%). In addition to the presence of most of the students in it who speak Arabic with their teachers in the classroom, their percentage is (56%), and they also speak Arabic in the classroom with their classmates, and their percentage is (41.8%). As for the negative aspects, it appears in the presence of some teachers who do not train their students in the four language skills, and their percentage is (21.8%), and they do not speak Arabic when they teach Arabic, and their percentage is (49.6%), and they do not ask their students to speak in the Arabic language in the classroom, and their percentage is (34.4%), in addition to the presence of some students who do not speak the Arabic language with their teachers in the classroom, and their percentage reached (44%), and they also do not speak Arabic in the classroom with their colleagues, as their percentage reached (58.2%).
本研究旨在确定在文莱达鲁萨兰国苏丹国阿拉伯语学校七年级阿拉伯语教学方法的有效性。研究人员向221名学习阿拉伯语的学生分发了调查问卷。在获得本研究所需的数据后,对其进行定量分析和评价,以获得所需的结果。这项研究已达到结果的积极方面的教学方法七年级的阿拉伯语阿拉伯语阿拉伯语中学的学校在文莱达鲁萨兰国文莱达鲁萨兰国明显,大多数教师在阿拉伯语学校的七年级在文莱达鲁萨兰国训练学生四个语言学家技能的百分比(78.2%),和大部分人说阿拉伯语教阿拉伯语,比例为(50.4%),大部分学校还要求学生在课堂上讲阿拉伯语,比例达到(65.6%)。除了大多数学生在课堂上与老师说阿拉伯语外,他们的比例为(56%),他们也在课堂上与同学说阿拉伯语,他们的比例为(41.8%)。至于消极方面,它出现在的存在一些教师不四种语言技能,训练他们的学生和他们的比例(21.8%),和他们教时不讲阿拉伯语阿拉伯语,和他们的比例(49.6%),不要问他们的学生在教室里说阿拉伯语,和他们的比例(34.4%),另外的一些学生不讲阿拉伯语和他们的老师在教室里,他们的比例达到了(44%),而且他们在课堂上与同事不说阿拉伯语,这一比例达到了(58.2%)。
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引用次数: 0
Virtual Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Opening for the Implementation of a Blended Learning Modality in the Chemistry Class at High School Level COVID-19大流行期间的虚拟学习:在高中化学课堂实施混合学习模式的开端
Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v6n1p1
Lucero Canto Guerrero, Julio Cesar Rubio Rodriguez, Marco Antonio Carrillo Pacheco
The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV2 virus, known as COVID-19 brought with it a series of challenges for educational and teaching institutions, since, from one moment to the next, the need for a massive migration from face-to-face education to online education, using educational technological tools, however, is considered that it is necessary to restructure teaching and implement a blenden learning model, which is characterized by the integration of various pedagogical and didactic resources in face-to-face and virtual environments to achieve meaningful learning through the construction of knowledge in subjects that are the basis for many careers in the health sciences such as Chemistry. The objective of this study was to analyze the relevance of implementing a hybrid model in education at the high school level in the Chemistry class, through the incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies as educational tools. According to the results, the implementation of a b-learning model is an alternative strategy for the teaching-learning of Chemistry and, at the same time, makes it possible to reduce the health risk that situations such as contagion by COVID-19 or other potentially communicable diseases, since this model allows students to take classes virtually, and simultaneously in person, following contingency measures.
由SARS-COV2病毒(即COVID-19)引起的大流行给教育和教学机构带来了一系列挑战,因为需要利用教育技术工具从面对面教育大规模迁移到在线教育,然而,人们认为有必要调整教学结构并实施混合学习模式。其特点是在面对面和虚拟环境中整合各种教学和教学资源,通过构建学科知识来实现有意义的学习,这些学科是化学等健康科学领域许多职业的基础。本研究的目的是分析在高中化学课堂中,透过资讯与通讯科技作为教学工具,实施混合教学模式的相关性。根据研究结果,实施b学习模式是化学教学的一种替代策略,同时,由于该模式允许学生在采取应急措施后,虚拟地同时亲自上课,因此可以降低COVID-19或其他潜在传染病传染等情况下的健康风险。
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引用次数: 1
Student Performance and Perception of the Teaching Methodologies Implemented by COVID-19 学生对新冠肺炎实施的教学方法的表现和感知
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.30560/ier.v5n1p12
Sonia Martin-Gomez, Angel Bartolomé Muñoz De Luna
The 2007 London Communiqu�� Towards the European Higher Education Area: responding to the challenges of a globalized world confirms that a major effect of this globalization process will be a transition to student-centered higher education. This methodological transition in teaching processes has been accompanied in all cases by technological innovation, but it is the health crisis caused by COVID-19 that drives and accelerates it. Given this, we ask ourselves how student performance has been affected as a result of the accelerated emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in teaching processes, for which the results of the continuous evaluation of students of a certain subject before and after the pandemic. The achievements show that both at a quantitative level and in the perception of the students, the changes have been positive and should have been carried out earlier, that progressivity in teaching innovations loses its meaning due to the volatile and uncertain environment in which we operate and that we learn and teachers are able to adapt quickly, even if this forces them to leave our comfort zone.
2007年伦敦公报《迈向欧洲高等教育区:应对全球化世界的挑战》确认,全球化进程的一个主要影响将是向以学生为中心的高等教育过渡。在所有情况下,教学过程中的这种方法转变都伴随着技术创新,但推动和加速这种转变的是COVID-19造成的健康危机。鉴于此,我们问自己,信息和通信技术(ict)在教学过程中的加速出现,对学生的表现产生了怎样的影响,而这是在疫情前后对某一学科的学生进行持续评估的结果。这些成就表明,无论是在定量水平上还是在学生的感知上,这些变化都是积极的,应该更早地进行,由于我们所处的不稳定和不确定的环境,我们学习和教师能够迅速适应,即使这迫使他们离开我们的舒适区,教学创新的渐进式失去了意义。
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引用次数: 0
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International Educational Scientific Research Journal
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