Introduction: When the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is less than two SD (standard deviation) for a specific age and sex, or when the amount of red cells in the peripheral blood is below the normal level, it is called anemia. Blood deficiency is a common global health problem in children. Materials and Methods: This research has been conducted in a descriptive manner in which 200 patients referred to Spinghar Momand Curative and Teaching Hospital from 2022 to 2023 were the target population. Their blood deficiency was taken into consideration on the basis of age, sex and the severity of the disease. Results: The results showed that the overall incidences of anemia were 108 (54%). The cases were 75 (69.4%) in males and 33 (30.5%) in females. Based on location, the cases of anemia were 99 (91.6%) in Nangarhar Province, 8 (7.4%) in Laghman Province and 1 (0.92%) in children from Kunar Province. Based on the severity of disease and age, 45 (41.6%) children less than five-year-old had mild anemia, 59 (54.6%), had moderate anemia, and 4 (3.7%) had severe anemia. The result of laboratory tests showed that in anemia, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit test (Hct) have changed significantly, but RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) has not changed much. Discussion: We can summarize that the cases of anemia in children vary based on age, sex and severity of the disease. Furthermore, the level of MCV, HB and HCT exists below the normal range in the child suffering from anemia, while no significant change is visible in the RDW value.
{"title":"PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ANEMIA AMONG UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD CHILDREN WHO ATTENDED SPINGHAR MOMAND CURATIVE AND TEACHING HOSPITAL, JALALABAD CITY","authors":"H. Saqib","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v5i4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i4.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: When the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is less than two SD (standard deviation) for a specific age and sex, or when the amount of red cells in the peripheral blood is below the normal level, it is called anemia. Blood deficiency is a common global health problem in children. Materials and Methods: This research has been conducted in a descriptive manner in which 200 patients referred to Spinghar Momand Curative and Teaching Hospital from 2022 to 2023 were the target population. Their blood deficiency was taken into consideration on the basis of age, sex and the severity of the disease. Results: The results showed that the overall incidences of anemia were 108 (54%). The cases were 75 (69.4%) in males and 33 (30.5%) in females. Based on location, the cases of anemia were 99 (91.6%) in Nangarhar Province, 8 (7.4%) in Laghman Province and 1 (0.92%) in children from Kunar Province. Based on the severity of disease and age, 45 (41.6%) children less than five-year-old had mild anemia, 59 (54.6%), had moderate anemia, and 4 (3.7%) had severe anemia. The result of laboratory tests showed that in anemia, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit test (Hct) have changed significantly, but RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) has not changed much. Discussion: We can summarize that the cases of anemia in children vary based on age, sex and severity of the disease. Furthermore, the level of MCV, HB and HCT exists below the normal range in the child suffering from anemia, while no significant change is visible in the RDW value.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87603912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Chowdhury, M. Haque, Md. Sohel Rana, M. S. Amran
Introduction: The most affordable tablet form is microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a popular pharmaceutical excipient that is utilized as a filler or binder in immediately compressible tablets. Methods: In the present study, we extracted dissolving cellulose from jute fibers by treatment with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution and 20% w/w sodium hydroxide solution at high temperature and pressure. The dissolving cellulose was subjected to acid hydrolysis at 100 0C for 2 h with 2 N hydrochloric acid. The identity of the MCC was confirmed by FT-IR and by determining the degree of polymerization. To evaluate the flow property, we determined the bulk, density, tapped density, Hausner index, Carr’s index and angle of repose. The tableting property of the prepared MCC was evaluated by making fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets. Result and Discussion: The dissolving cellulose contains 94.67% α-cellulose The DP of the MCC was found 191. The powder properties such as bulk density, tapped density, Hausner index and Carr’s index, angle of repose values are comparable with that of standard Avicel PH102. The hardness, friability, disintegration time and % dissolved in 30 minutes were dissolution value of the tablets 5.6 kg, 0.34%, 178.17 sec and 83.89%, respectively. All these values are within the United State Pharmacopoeia range and are comparable with the tablets prepared from Avicel PH102 and marketed fexofenadine tablets.
{"title":"PREPARATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM DISSOLVING CELLULOSE OBTAINED FROM JUTE FIBERS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE FORMULATION OF FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLET DOSAGE FORM","authors":"A. A. Chowdhury, M. Haque, Md. Sohel Rana, M. S. Amran","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v5i4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i4.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The most affordable tablet form is microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a popular pharmaceutical excipient that is utilized as a filler or binder in immediately compressible tablets. Methods: In the present study, we extracted dissolving cellulose from jute fibers by treatment with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution and 20% w/w sodium hydroxide solution at high temperature and pressure. The dissolving cellulose was subjected to acid hydrolysis at 100 0C for 2 h with 2 N hydrochloric acid. The identity of the MCC was confirmed by FT-IR and by determining the degree of polymerization. To evaluate the flow property, we determined the bulk, density, tapped density, Hausner index, Carr’s index and angle of repose. The tableting property of the prepared MCC was evaluated by making fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets. \u0000Result and Discussion: The dissolving cellulose contains 94.67% α-cellulose The DP of the MCC was found 191. The powder properties such as bulk density, tapped density, Hausner index and Carr’s index, angle of repose values are comparable with that of standard Avicel PH102. The hardness, friability, disintegration time and % dissolved in 30 minutes were dissolution value of the tablets 5.6 kg, 0.34%, 178.17 sec and 83.89%, respectively. All these values are within the United State Pharmacopoeia range and are comparable with the tablets prepared from Avicel PH102 and marketed fexofenadine tablets.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73073749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate fast-dissolving tablets of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LEV) and Montelukastsodium (MON) by direct compression method. Material And Methods: An attempt was made to mask the bitter taste of Levocetirizine by preparing an ion exchange resin complex by a batch method using Kyron T-104. The tablets were prepared using mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose as diluents, and croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone as super disintegrants. Parameters like a drug: resin ratio, pH & swelling time were successfully optimized to prepare the drug resin complex. The fast-dissolving tablets were characterized for various pre and post-compression parameters along with disintegration time, content uniformity, wetting time, in-vitro drug release, in vivo taste evaluation, and compatibility studies. Result and Discussion: The tablets prepared by direct compression method possess a hardness of 3.4 to 3.6 Kg/cm², percentage friability of 0.65 to 0.80, in vitro disintegration time of 29.82 to 51.7 seconds, and wetting time of 20.4 to 46.8 seconds. The formulation (F4)containing crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium in 2:4 ratios showed better disintegration time and more than 99% drug release within 6 minutes. Comparative taste evaluation proves the palatability of formulated tablets. Results of stability studies were also found in acceptable limits. Conclusion: The prepared orodispersible tablets disintegrate within seconds without the need for water and enhance absorption; thismay lead to increased bioavailability of LEV as well as MON.
{"title":"FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF LEVOCETIRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AND MONTELUKAST SODIUM","authors":"Madhu Verma, Iti Chauhan, Mohamed Yasir","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v5i4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i4.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate fast-dissolving tablets of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LEV) and Montelukastsodium (MON) by direct compression method. Material And Methods: An attempt was made to mask the bitter taste of Levocetirizine by preparing an ion exchange resin complex by a batch method using Kyron T-104. The tablets were prepared using mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose as diluents, and croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone as super disintegrants. Parameters like a drug: resin ratio, pH & swelling time were successfully optimized to prepare the drug resin complex. The fast-dissolving tablets were characterized for various pre and post-compression parameters along with disintegration time, content uniformity, wetting time, in-vitro drug release, in vivo taste evaluation, and compatibility studies. Result and Discussion: The tablets prepared by direct compression method possess a hardness of 3.4 to 3.6 Kg/cm², percentage friability of 0.65 to 0.80, in vitro disintegration time of 29.82 to 51.7 seconds, and wetting time of 20.4 to 46.8 seconds. The formulation (F4)containing crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium in 2:4 ratios showed better disintegration time and more than 99% drug release within 6 minutes. Comparative taste evaluation proves the palatability of formulated tablets. Results of stability studies were also found in acceptable limits. Conclusion: The prepared orodispersible tablets disintegrate within seconds without the need for water and enhance absorption; thismay lead to increased bioavailability of LEV as well as MON.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84877282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristiane Tefé-Silva, Beatriz G. Rodrigues, Barbara B. Pascoal, Beatriz I. Minante, Bianca C. Vitoreli, Bianca Vieira De Sousa, Isabella S. B Arros, Isadora M. Fortunato, Samara C. De Castro
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the main causes of death from cancer with a multifactorial origin and is characterized by the expression of a gene known as HER2. This gene promotes cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis of cancer cells, facilitating uncontrolled cell growth. Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a drug for the treatment of tumors with a heterogeneous expression of HER2 that are resistant to conventional anti-HER2 therapy. It is believed that the positive results obtained from Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in the treatment ofgastric cancer are related to its potent inhibitory effect of topoisomerase I, the stability of the linker in plasma, as well as its bystander effect. Furthermore, the drug is more efficiently delivered to its target (tumor cell), resulting in a higher concentration of the cytotoxic agent at the site of action. Another point to highlight is that trastuzumab deruxtecan has benefits in treating breast cancer compared to other anti-HER2 therapies since more patients using this drug presented positive responses compared to trastuzumab emtansine (TDM1), in addition to presenting longer survival and fewer adverse effects. Thus, this literature review shows that T-DXd is a promising therapy of extreme importance and with great capability to respond to cancers with low expression of HER2 and to HER2-positive cancers that are insensitive to the trastuzumab emtansine drug.
{"title":"TRASTUZUMAB DERUXTECAN: NOVEL ANTIBODY-DRUG CONJUGATE TARGETING HER2 IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA","authors":"Cristiane Tefé-Silva, Beatriz G. Rodrigues, Barbara B. Pascoal, Beatriz I. Minante, Bianca C. Vitoreli, Bianca Vieira De Sousa, Isabella S. B Arros, Isadora M. Fortunato, Samara C. De Castro","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v5i4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the main causes of death from cancer with a multifactorial origin and is characterized by the expression of a gene known as HER2. This gene promotes cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis of cancer cells, facilitating uncontrolled cell growth. Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a drug for the treatment of tumors with a heterogeneous expression of HER2 that are resistant to conventional anti-HER2 therapy. It is believed that the positive results obtained from Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in the treatment ofgastric cancer are related to its potent inhibitory effect of topoisomerase I, the stability of the linker in plasma, as well as its bystander effect. Furthermore, the drug is more efficiently delivered to its target (tumor cell), resulting in a higher concentration of the cytotoxic agent at the site of action. Another point to highlight is that trastuzumab deruxtecan has benefits in treating breast cancer compared to other anti-HER2 therapies since more patients using this drug presented positive responses compared to trastuzumab emtansine (TDM1), in addition to presenting longer survival and fewer adverse effects. Thus, this literature review shows that T-DXd is a promising therapy of extreme importance and with great capability to respond to cancers with low expression of HER2 and to HER2-positive cancers that are insensitive to the trastuzumab emtansine drug.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87935708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Sinha, Himanshu Singh, S. K. Bansal, R. Kaushik, K. Verma
Background: In the present study, the in-silico docking studies of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with 4RUX i.e. The crystal Structure of Human carbonic Anhydrase II protein was performed in the management of neuropathic pain. Materials and Methods: The crystal structure of protein PDB ID: 4RUX was downloaded from the RCSB PDB database and the ligand molecules of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were drawn from Marvin Sketch. Docking studies between ligand and protein to predict binding interactions by using AutoDock 4.2 and the receptor-ligand complex interaction viewed by using Biovia Drug Discovery studio. Result: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors showed binding energy ranging between -5.41 to -8.63. Ganoderic acid A showed better binding energy -8.63 kcal/mol than the standard Acetazolamide -6.22 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The result clearly indicates that among carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Ganoderic acid A and Morindone show better hydrogen bonding and binding affinity towards carbonic anhydrase II (PDB ID: 4RUX). Thus, conclude that among carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Ganoderic acid A (obtained from Ganoderma lucidium) and Morindone (both obtained from Morinda citrifolia (NONI)} provide the better pharmacological effect.
{"title":"IN-SILICO DOCKING STUDIES OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN","authors":"R. Sinha, Himanshu Singh, S. K. Bansal, R. Kaushik, K. Verma","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v5i4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i4.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the present study, the in-silico docking studies of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with 4RUX i.e. The crystal Structure of Human carbonic Anhydrase II protein was performed in the management of neuropathic pain. Materials and Methods: The crystal structure of protein PDB ID: 4RUX was downloaded from the RCSB PDB database and the ligand molecules of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were drawn from Marvin Sketch. Docking studies between ligand and protein to predict binding interactions by using AutoDock 4.2 and the receptor-ligand complex interaction viewed by using Biovia Drug Discovery studio. Result: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors showed binding energy ranging between -5.41 to -8.63. Ganoderic acid A showed better binding energy -8.63 kcal/mol than the standard Acetazolamide -6.22 kcal/mol. Conclusion: The result clearly indicates that among carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Ganoderic acid A and Morindone show better hydrogen bonding and binding affinity towards carbonic anhydrase II (PDB ID: 4RUX). Thus, conclude that among carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Ganoderic acid A (obtained from Ganoderma lucidium) and Morindone (both obtained from Morinda citrifolia (NONI)} provide the better pharmacological effect.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85398825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Saxena, R. Danish, R. Kaushik, K. Verma, Vikas Sharma
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic imbalances that involves hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. It is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). MetS have gained significant importance recently due to the exponential increase in obesity worldwide. The two main causes of this kind of syndrome are an increase in high-calorie, low-fiber fast food consumption and a decrease in physical activity owing to mechanized transportation and sedentary leisure activities. The syndrome contributes to the spread of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, and others. Herbal treatments have a long history of use in the treatment and prevention of disorders, including diabetes, when compared to conventional medicine. Diabetes is one of the world's most serious public health issues. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome marked by hyperglycemia, changes in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, and long-term consequences affecting the eyes, kidneys, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. For thousands of years, plants and their derivatives are being used for the treatment of diabetes and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. Also, the recent increase in the number of people suffering from diabetes worldwide and several associated complications leads to paying more attention to remedies for diabetes. Hence a review of conventional and recently explored plants useful in the treatment of diabetes concise and aimed to revert back to the conventional plant benefits and utilization of medicinal plants.
{"title":"A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON NATURAL REMEDIES FOR DIABETES: A METABOLIC DISORDER","authors":"V. Saxena, R. Danish, R. Kaushik, K. Verma, Vikas Sharma","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v5i3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic imbalances that involves hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. It is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). MetS have gained significant importance recently due to the exponential increase in obesity worldwide. The two main causes of this kind of syndrome are an increase in high-calorie, low-fiber fast food consumption and a decrease in physical activity owing to mechanized transportation and sedentary leisure activities. The syndrome contributes to the spread of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, and others. Herbal treatments have a long history of use in the treatment and prevention of disorders, including diabetes, when compared to conventional medicine. Diabetes is one of the world's most serious public health issues. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome marked by hyperglycemia, changes in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, and long-term consequences affecting the eyes, kidneys, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. For thousands of years, plants and their derivatives are being used for the treatment of diabetes and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. Also, the recent increase in the number of people suffering from diabetes worldwide and several associated complications leads to paying more attention to remedies for diabetes. Hence a review of conventional and recently explored plants useful in the treatment of diabetes concise and aimed to revert back to the conventional plant benefits and utilization of medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90077961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nahid Rao, Reenoo Jauhari, Pallavi Godiyal, Vaishali Sati, A. Babbar
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of the extrapyramidal nervous system affecting the mobility and control of the skeletal muscular system. Although PD can develop at any age, it begins most commonly in older adults, with a peak age at the onset of around 60 years. Levodopa and dopamine agonists such as ropinirole are used in Parkinson’s treatment. This complete literature search was done using Google Scholar and PubMed. This review is to compare the safety and efficacy of ropinirole with that of Levodopa.
{"title":"ROPINIROLE VERSUS LEVODOPA: BETTER CLINICAL BENEFITS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE","authors":"Nahid Rao, Reenoo Jauhari, Pallavi Godiyal, Vaishali Sati, A. Babbar","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v5i3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i3.02","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of the extrapyramidal nervous system affecting the mobility and control of the skeletal muscular system. Although PD can develop at any age, it begins most commonly in older adults, with a peak age at the onset of around 60 years. Levodopa and dopamine agonists such as ropinirole are used in Parkinson’s treatment. This complete literature search was done using Google Scholar and PubMed. This review is to compare the safety and efficacy of ropinirole with that of Levodopa.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80886773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keline Lima Pereira, C. D. G. Sampaio, Victor Emanuel Pessoa Martins, Louhana Moreira Rebouças, J. J. D. de Souza, E. M. A. Santos
INTRODUCTION: In the scientific field, several studies have been developed in order to find new antioxidant substances of plant origin. Free radicals play an important role in the biochemical/physiological reactions of the human body. However, if there is excessive production during pathophysiological processes or due to adverse environmental factors and antioxidants are not available in the medium, profound tissue damage can occur. METHODS: This article aimed to identify potential natural products with antioxidant action and with a high content of total phenolics. Seventeen native natural products were evaluated, in the antioxidant tests, the DPPH method was used and, for total phenolics, the Folin-Ciocalteau method was used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The extracts that showed higher phenolic contents were Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Triplaris gardneriana, with values of 2266.84 ± 9.28 µmol g-1 and 2526.13 ± 476.90 µmol g-1 for antioxidants, and 563.04 ± 4.17 mg gallic acid g-1 and 414.82 ± 414.82 ± 3.57 mg gallic acid g-1 for phenolics. Therefore, this study contributed to help future works aimed at the development of products from the species studied.
{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLICS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM THE BRAZILIAN FLORA","authors":"Keline Lima Pereira, C. D. G. Sampaio, Victor Emanuel Pessoa Martins, Louhana Moreira Rebouças, J. J. D. de Souza, E. M. A. Santos","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v5i3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i3.06","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: In the scientific field, several studies have been developed in order to find new antioxidant substances of plant origin. Free radicals play an important role in the biochemical/physiological reactions of the human body. However, if there is excessive production during pathophysiological processes or due to adverse environmental factors and antioxidants are not available in the medium, profound tissue damage can occur. METHODS: This article aimed to identify potential natural products with antioxidant action and with a high content of total phenolics. Seventeen native natural products were evaluated, in the antioxidant tests, the DPPH method was used and, for total phenolics, the Folin-Ciocalteau method was used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The extracts that showed higher phenolic contents were Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Triplaris gardneriana, with values of 2266.84 ± 9.28 µmol g-1 and 2526.13 ± 476.90 µmol g-1 for antioxidants, and 563.04 ± 4.17 mg gallic acid g-1 and 414.82 ± 414.82 ± 3.57 mg gallic acid g-1 for phenolics. Therefore, this study contributed to help future works aimed at the development of products from the species studied.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73312855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Methylcobalamin or Vitamin B12 is a coenzyme involved in the synthesis of methionine, pyrimidine and purine bases. Type 2 diabetes is associated with oxidative stress; Vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients taking metformin has been linked with oxidative stress. Because of these associations, it is implied that Vitamin B12 deficiency must be considered a risk factor for complications related to diabetes. However, several studies also suggest that deficiency of Vitamin B12 starts from the early stages of Diabetes. It has also been suggested that Vitamin B12 supplementation may help in reducing the complications related to diabetes. Although, the use of prophylactic Vitamin B12 to reduce complications related to diabetes remains controversial. Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinical relevance of Vitamin B12 in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. This study measured Vitamin B12 levels in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and explored the correlations between its serum levels and various metabolic parameters in T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a 1 year, single-center, prospective, comparative, observational study. To collect data on age, smoking history, alcohol consumption, physical activity status, family history of T2DM, and medications, all subjects completed a self-answered questionnaire. Plasma samples were used to assay the biochemical parameters such as FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, lipid profile, and serum Vitamin B12. The participants were divided into newly diagnosed T2DM patients (n = 300) and healthy control subjects (n = 300). RESULTS Serum Vitamin B12 was significantly lower in newly diagnosed T2DM patients than in healthy control subjects (362.07± 182.25 vs 559.23± 275.05 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Serum Vitamin B12 correlated negatively with FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. CONCLUSION Serum Vitamin B12 levels are significantly decreased in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Our results suggest that adding Vitamin B12 as a supplement in the early stages of T2DM may contribute to possible microvascular (neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, etc. ) complications related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
背景:甲基钴胺素或维生素B12是一种参与蛋氨酸、嘧啶和嘌呤碱基合成的辅酶。2型糖尿病与氧化应激有关;服用二甲双胍的糖尿病患者维生素B12缺乏与氧化应激有关。由于这些关联，这意味着维生素B12缺乏必须被视为糖尿病相关并发症的一个危险因素。然而，一些研究也表明，维生素B12的缺乏始于糖尿病的早期阶段。也有人建议补充维生素B12可能有助于减少与糖尿病相关的并发症。尽管如此，使用预防性维生素B12来减少与糖尿病相关的并发症仍然存在争议。目的:探讨维生素B12在新诊断T2DM患者中的临床意义。本研究测定了新诊断的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清中维生素B12水平，并探讨其与T2DM患者各代谢参数的相关性。研究设计和方法这是一项为期1年、单中心、前瞻性、比较、观察性研究。为了收集年龄、吸烟史、饮酒、身体活动状况、2型糖尿病家族史和药物方面的数据，所有受试者都完成了一份自我回答的问卷。血浆样品检测生化指标，如FBS、PPBS、HbA1c、血脂、血清维生素B12。研究对象分为新诊断T2DM患者(300例)和健康对照(300例)。结果新诊断T2DM患者血清维生素B12水平明显低于健康对照组(362.07±182.25 vs 559.23±275.05 pg/mL;P < 0.001)。新诊断T2DM患者血清维生素B12与FBS、PPBS和HbA1c呈负相关。结论新诊断T2DM患者血清维生素B12水平明显降低。我们的研究结果表明，在T2DM早期补充维生素B12可能会导致与2型糖尿病相关的微血管(神经病变、视网膜病变、肾病等)并发症。
{"title":"COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF SERUM VITAMIN B12 LEVELS IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS","authors":"Nahid Rao, Pallavi Godiyal, Vaishali Sati, Nitin Bansal, Reenoo Jauhari","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v5i3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v5i3.05","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: \u0000Methylcobalamin or Vitamin B12 is a coenzyme involved in the synthesis of methionine, pyrimidine and purine bases. Type 2 diabetes is associated with oxidative stress; Vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients taking metformin has been linked with oxidative stress. Because of these associations, it is implied that Vitamin B12 deficiency must be considered a risk factor for complications related to diabetes. However, several studies also suggest that deficiency of Vitamin B12 starts from the early stages of Diabetes. It has also been suggested that Vitamin B12 supplementation may help in reducing the complications related to diabetes. Although, the use of prophylactic Vitamin B12 to reduce complications related to diabetes remains controversial. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinical relevance of Vitamin B12 in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. This study measured Vitamin B12 levels in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and explored the correlations between its serum levels and various metabolic parameters in T2DM. \u0000RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS \u0000This was a 1 year, single-center, prospective, comparative, observational study. To collect data on age, smoking history, alcohol consumption, physical activity status, family history of T2DM, and medications, all subjects completed a self-answered questionnaire. Plasma samples were used to assay the biochemical parameters such as FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, lipid profile, and serum Vitamin B12. The participants were divided into newly diagnosed T2DM patients (n = 300) and healthy control subjects (n = 300). \u0000RESULTS \u0000Serum Vitamin B12 was significantly lower in newly diagnosed T2DM patients than in healthy control subjects (362.07± 182.25 vs 559.23± 275.05 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Serum Vitamin B12 correlated negatively with FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. \u0000CONCLUSION \u0000Serum Vitamin B12 levels are significantly decreased in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Our results suggest that adding Vitamin B12 as a supplement in the early stages of T2DM may contribute to possible microvascular (neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, etc. ) complications related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77223102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Coelho, Francisco Célio Feitosa De França, Louhana Moreira Rebouças, A. Uchoa, Luana De Morais Semião, Deyse De Sousa Maia, D. Moreira, D. Pinheiro, Larissa Morais Ribeiro da Silva, C. Pessoa, M. E. Ribeiro, N. Ricardo
INTRODUCTION: Curcuminoids and Oleic acid, reported in the literature as antioxidant and antitumor agents, were combined in nanoemulsion, using Pluronic F127 as a stabilizer. METHODS: The main objective is to investigate its cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The nanoemulsion show values of the particle size (251.4 ± 4.6 nm), zeta potential (-34.8 ± 1.0 mV), and pH (4.8) classifying it as stable and non-irritating for pharmacological applications. The main results indicate that, in the toxicity test in fish (Zebrafish), the nanoformulation proved to be biosafe and the evaluation of the antioxidant action (by DPPH) showed excellent antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in the vitro cytotoxicity studies, the nanoemulsions showed good cytotoxic activity, ideal for fighting Colorectal, Glioblastoma, and Leukemia cancers and more effectively in Prostate cancer.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF CURCUMINOIDS-LOADED NANOEMULSION FOR CANCER THERAPY","authors":"E. Coelho, Francisco Célio Feitosa De França, Louhana Moreira Rebouças, A. Uchoa, Luana De Morais Semião, Deyse De Sousa Maia, D. Moreira, D. Pinheiro, Larissa Morais Ribeiro da Silva, C. Pessoa, M. E. Ribeiro, N. Ricardo","doi":"10.31069/japsrv5i3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsrv5i3.04","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Curcuminoids and Oleic acid, reported in the literature as antioxidant and antitumor agents, were combined in nanoemulsion, using Pluronic F127 as a stabilizer. \u0000METHODS: The main objective is to investigate its cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. \u0000RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The nanoemulsion show values of the particle size (251.4 ± 4.6 nm), zeta potential (-34.8 ± 1.0 mV), and pH (4.8) classifying it as stable and non-irritating for pharmacological applications. The main results indicate that, in the toxicity test in fish (Zebrafish), the nanoformulation proved to be biosafe and the evaluation of the antioxidant action (by DPPH) showed excellent antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in the vitro cytotoxicity studies, the nanoemulsions showed good cytotoxic activity, ideal for fighting Colorectal, Glioblastoma, and Leukemia cancers and more effectively in Prostate cancer. ","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87220062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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