Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/seedbio-2023-0013
Gang Xu, Xiansheng Zhang
Male reproduction, an essential and vulnerable process in the plant life cycle, is easily disrupted by changes in surrounding environmental factors such as temperature, photoperiod, or humidity. Plants have evolved multiple mechanisms to buffer adverse environmental effects; understanding these mechanisms is crucial to increase crop resilience to a changing climate, and to provide new breeding tools for hybrid seed production. Here, we review the latest research progresses in molecular mechanisms underlying plant environment-sensitive genic male sterility and fertility restoration, covering both genetic and epigenetic aspects, and summarize the common molecular mechanisms underlying fertility conversion using knowledges obtained from photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) mutants. This review, therefore, aims to better understand male fertility adaptation in response to environmental factors, with a focus on future applications for two-line hybrid breeding.
{"title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying plant environment-sensitive genic male sterility and fertility restoration","authors":"Gang Xu, Xiansheng Zhang","doi":"10.48130/seedbio-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/seedbio-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Male reproduction, an essential and vulnerable process in the plant life cycle, is easily disrupted by changes in surrounding environmental factors such as temperature, photoperiod, or humidity. Plants have evolved multiple mechanisms to buffer adverse environmental effects; understanding these mechanisms is crucial to increase crop resilience to a changing climate, and to provide new breeding tools for hybrid seed production. Here, we review the latest research progresses in molecular mechanisms underlying plant environment-sensitive genic male sterility and fertility restoration, covering both genetic and epigenetic aspects, and summarize the common molecular mechanisms underlying fertility conversion using knowledges obtained from photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) mutants. This review, therefore, aims to better understand male fertility adaptation in response to environmental factors, with a focus on future applications for two-line hybrid breeding.","PeriodicalId":137493,"journal":{"name":"Seed Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/seedbio-2023-0020
Xiaoying Wang, Haicheng Huang, Ming Lu, Yuchao Cui, Rongyu Huang, Xiangfeng Wang, Ran Fu, Wei Liang, Xinhao Ouyang
The yield gap accurately measures the efficiency of converting the maximum genetic yield into the average yield per unit area, nationally or globally. However, despite continuous advancements in breeding and cultivation technology, yield gap continue to widen in many regions worldwide. Our findings suggest that widespread planting of high-yielding varieties can enhance crop yield per unit area and narrow the yield gap, thereby offering an effective strategy to convert the potential high yield per plant into an overall increase in production.
{"title":"Expanding crop adaptability to increase planting area: A promising strategy for enhancing agricultural production","authors":"Xiaoying Wang, Haicheng Huang, Ming Lu, Yuchao Cui, Rongyu Huang, Xiangfeng Wang, Ran Fu, Wei Liang, Xinhao Ouyang","doi":"10.48130/seedbio-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/seedbio-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"The yield gap accurately measures the efficiency of converting the maximum genetic yield into the average yield per unit area, nationally or globally. However, despite continuous advancements in breeding and cultivation technology, yield gap continue to widen in many regions worldwide. Our findings suggest that widespread planting of high-yielding varieties can enhance crop yield per unit area and narrow the yield gap, thereby offering an effective strategy to convert the potential high yield per plant into an overall increase in production.","PeriodicalId":137493,"journal":{"name":"Seed Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/seedbio-2023-0017
Yujiao Gao, Yongsheng Li, Weiyi Xia, Mengqing Dai, Yi Dai, Yonggang Wang, Haigang Ma, Hongxiang Ma
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD) is one of the world's most extensively cultivated crops, furnishing vital nutrients and energy for human consumption. Wheat seeds are the primary sustenance source. Given the mounting global population and dwindling arable land, enhancing wheat grain yield remains a concern for mankind. A pivotal agronomic trait influencing grain yield is grain weight, which is predominantly contingent on seed size and endosperm components and is regulated by complex and precise molecular networks. Endogenous factors, such as transcriptional and post-translational regulators, exert pivotal influence over seed development. Notably, starch is the main storage component of wheat endosperm, and the starch synthesis-related genes exert an important effect on grain weight. Prior reviews on wheat grain traits have mostly focused on the regulation of grain size, and the contents of such reviews are almost entirely written based on the regulatory network of rice seed size. Although many regulatory mechanisms for various traits are similar in rice and wheat, there are lots of differences in wheat due to its vast and intricate genome. An all-encompassing panorama of the grain weight regulatory network has not yet been comprehensive. This review summarizes the catalog of reported genes, discusses the emerging molecular mechanisms, and delves into regulatory networks to foster a more holistic understanding of the intricate regulation of wheat seed weight.
{"title":"The regulation of grain weight in wheat","authors":"Yujiao Gao, Yongsheng Li, Weiyi Xia, Mengqing Dai, Yi Dai, Yonggang Wang, Haigang Ma, Hongxiang Ma","doi":"10.48130/seedbio-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/seedbio-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (<italic>Triticum aestivum</italic> L., AABBDD) is one of the world's most extensively cultivated crops, furnishing vital nutrients and energy for human consumption. Wheat seeds are the primary sustenance source. Given the mounting global population and dwindling arable land, enhancing wheat grain yield remains a concern for mankind. A pivotal agronomic trait influencing grain yield is grain weight, which is predominantly contingent on seed size and endosperm components and is regulated by complex and precise molecular networks. Endogenous factors, such as transcriptional and post-translational regulators, exert pivotal influence over seed development. Notably, starch is the main storage component of wheat endosperm, and the starch synthesis-related genes exert an important effect on grain weight. Prior reviews on wheat grain traits have mostly focused on the regulation of grain size, and the contents of such reviews are almost entirely written based on the regulatory network of rice seed size. Although many regulatory mechanisms for various traits are similar in rice and wheat, there are lots of differences in wheat due to its vast and intricate genome. An all-encompassing panorama of the grain weight regulatory network has not yet been comprehensive. This review summarizes the catalog of reported genes, discusses the emerging molecular mechanisms, and delves into regulatory networks to foster a more holistic understanding of the intricate regulation of wheat seed weight.","PeriodicalId":137493,"journal":{"name":"Seed Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135058835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/seedbio-2023-0015
Na Li, Liangliang Chen, Yunhai Li
Grain size, a main component of grain yield, is regulated by a complex network. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade participates in multiple signaling pathways to regulate various biological processes. Recent studies indicate that MAPK signaling plays key roles in regulating grain size. For instance, OsERECTA1(OsER1)–OsMKKK10–OsMKK4–OsMPK6 signaling regulates grain size and grain number per panicle. Grain size is also affected by the OsMKKK70–OsMKK4–OsMPK6 module, which functions upstream of OsWRKY53. In addition, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 (OsMKP1), the GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase GSK2, and the Rho-family GTPase OsRac1 controls grain size in rice by modulating MAPK signaling. Here, we discuss recent findings on the importance of MAPK signaling in rice grain-size control and examine mechanisms by which MAPK signaling coordinates grain size, grain number and stress responses.
{"title":"Control of Grain Size and Number by MAPK Signaling in Rice","authors":"Na Li, Liangliang Chen, Yunhai Li","doi":"10.48130/seedbio-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/seedbio-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Grain size, a main component of grain yield, is regulated by a complex network. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade participates in multiple signaling pathways to regulate various biological processes. Recent studies indicate that MAPK signaling plays key roles in regulating grain size. For instance, OsERECTA1(OsER1)–OsMKKK10–OsMKK4–OsMPK6 signaling regulates grain size and grain number per panicle. Grain size is also affected by the OsMKKK70–OsMKK4–OsMPK6 module, which functions upstream of OsWRKY53. In addition, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PHOSPHATASE1 (OsMKP1), the GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase GSK2, and the Rho-family GTPase OsRac1 controls grain size in rice by modulating MAPK signaling. Here, we discuss recent findings on the importance of MAPK signaling in rice grain-size control and examine mechanisms by which MAPK signaling coordinates grain size, grain number and stress responses.","PeriodicalId":137493,"journal":{"name":"Seed Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121554618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/seedbio-2023-0021
Yan Cheng, Yu Wang, Jin Sun, Zhenyang Liao, Kangzhuo Ye, Bin Hu, Chunxing Dong, Zixian Li, Fang Deng, Lulu Wang, Shijiang Cao, Chenglang Pan, Ping Zheng, Lijun Cai, Ling Cao, Sheng Wang, Mohammad Aslam, Hong Wang, Yuan Qin
Adverse environmental conditions often present challenges for organisms; however, they can also serve as selective pressures that propel adaptive evolution. In this study, we present the first chromosome-scale genome of Ipomoea pes-caprae L (IPC), an exceptionally salt-tolerant plant species of considerable significance due to its medicinal, ecological, and biological attributes. The haplotype IPC genome comprises 15 chromosomes spanning 1.05 GB and includes 34,077 protein-coding genes, exhibiting an impressive completeness of 97.4%. Comparative genomic analysis with non-salt-tolerant Ipomoea species has highlighted the prevalence of highly duplicated sequences and genes within the IPC genome. Analysis of gene ortholog expansion, when compared those Ipomoea species, reveals that expanded TRD (transposed duplication) and DSD (dispersed duplication) genes are predominantly associated with functions related to salt tolerance. Furthermore, our findings suggest strong correlations between DSD and TRD gene duplication and transposable element (TE) events, implying that TE-induced expansion of repeat genes is a driving force behind gene diversification. Moreover, a time-course RNA-seq analysis unveils the salt response of IPC roots and leaves, showing the involvement of several key salt-tolerance genes exhibiting copy number expansion. These include genes responsible for ion uptake, transportation, and sequestration into vacuoles, as well as genes responsible for the maintenance of DNA and chromosome stability. Given the significant induction of TE events by salt stress in plant genomes, we propose a putative mechanism for the rapid evolution of salt tolerance in IPC. Additionally, this study delves into the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanisms of Caffeoylquinic acids (CQA), a medicinal component found in IPC.
不利的环境条件常常给生物体带来挑战;然而，它们也可以作为推动适应性进化的选择压力。在这项研究中，我们展示了Ipomoea pes-caprae L (IPC)的第一个染色体尺度基因组，Ipomoea pes-caprae L是一种特别耐盐的植物物种，由于其药用、生态和生物学特性而具有相当重要的意义。单倍型IPC基因组包括15条染色体，跨越1.05 GB，包含34,077个蛋白质编码基因，完整性达到了令人印象深刻的97.4%。与非耐盐Ipomoea物种的比较基因组分析突出了IPC基因组中高度重复的序列和基因的普遍性。基因同源扩增分析表明，扩增的TRD(转置重复)和DSD(分散重复)基因主要与耐盐功能相关。此外，我们的研究结果表明，DSD和TRD基因复制与转座因子(TE)事件之间存在很强的相关性，这意味着TE诱导的重复基因扩增是基因多样化背后的驱动力。此外，时间过程RNA-seq分析揭示了IPC根和叶的盐响应，表明几个关键的耐盐基因参与其中，表现出拷贝数的增加。这些基因包括负责离子摄取、运输和隔离到液泡中的基因，以及负责维持DNA和染色体稳定性的基因。鉴于盐胁迫在植物基因组中显著诱导TE事件，我们提出了IPC耐盐性快速进化的推测机制。此外，本研究还深入探讨了IPC中发现的药用成分咖啡酰奎宁酸(CQA)的代谢途径和调控机制。
{"title":"Unveiling the genomic blueprint of salt stress: insights from <i>Ipomoea pes-caprae</i> L.","authors":"Yan Cheng, Yu Wang, Jin Sun, Zhenyang Liao, Kangzhuo Ye, Bin Hu, Chunxing Dong, Zixian Li, Fang Deng, Lulu Wang, Shijiang Cao, Chenglang Pan, Ping Zheng, Lijun Cai, Ling Cao, Sheng Wang, Mohammad Aslam, Hong Wang, Yuan Qin","doi":"10.48130/seedbio-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/seedbio-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse environmental conditions often present challenges for organisms; however, they can also serve as selective pressures that propel adaptive evolution. In this study, we present the first chromosome-scale genome of <italic>Ipomoea pes-caprae</italic> L (IPC), an exceptionally salt-tolerant plant species of considerable significance due to its medicinal, ecological, and biological attributes. The haplotype IPC genome comprises 15 chromosomes spanning 1.05 GB and includes 34,077 protein-coding genes, exhibiting an impressive completeness of 97.4%. Comparative genomic analysis with non-salt-tolerant <italic>Ipomoea</italic> species has highlighted the prevalence of highly duplicated sequences and genes within the IPC genome. Analysis of gene ortholog expansion, when compared those <italic>Ipomoea</italic> species, reveals that expanded TRD (transposed duplication) and DSD (dispersed duplication) genes are predominantly associated with functions related to salt tolerance. Furthermore, our findings suggest strong correlations between DSD and TRD gene duplication and transposable element (TE) events, implying that TE-induced expansion of repeat genes is a driving force behind gene diversification. Moreover, a time-course RNA-seq analysis unveils the salt response of IPC roots and leaves, showing the involvement of several key salt-tolerance genes exhibiting copy number expansion. These include genes responsible for ion uptake, transportation, and sequestration into vacuoles, as well as genes responsible for the maintenance of DNA and chromosome stability. Given the significant induction of TE events by salt stress in plant genomes, we propose a putative mechanism for the rapid evolution of salt tolerance in IPC. Additionally, this study delves into the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanisms of Caffeoylquinic acids (CQA), a medicinal component found in IPC.","PeriodicalId":137493,"journal":{"name":"Seed Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135609120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/seedbio-2023-0023
Yining Ying, Yuehan Pang, Jinsong Bao
Protein ubiquitination plays vital roles in regulation of diverse cellular processes during plant growth and development. However, how protein ubiquitination regulates seed development in high-temperature environments is less understood. Here, a label-free quantification identified 488 lysine modification sites in 246 ubiquitinated proteins in the endosperm of two rice varieties, 9311 and Guangluai4 (GLA4). Under high-temperature stress, the number of significantly up-regulated sites was far greater than down-regulated sites, and 37 ubiquitinated proteins were commonly regulated with the same trend in the two varieties. The sucrose and starch metabolism were greatly over-represented by functional and pathway enrichment analyses. The key functions of ubiquitinated proteins related to starch metabolism are SUS1, SUS2, SUS3, FK and UGPase for sucrose hydrolysis, and AGPL2, AGPL3, AGPS1, AGPS2, GBSSI, BEI, BEIIb, PUL and Pho1 for starch synthesis. Most lysine modification sites were first identified in rice and tended to be up-regulated under heat stress, providing evidence for decreased protein abundance of starch synthesis related enzyme at the ubiquitination level. Predicted 3D models of GBSSI revealed an important role of ubiquitylation sites K462 involved in the interaction between the GBSSI and ligands (SO4 and ADP). Our study provides the first comprehensive view of the ubiquitome in rice seeds, which will provide important insight into the mechanism underlying seed development and grain quality improvement under high-temperature stress.
{"title":"Comparative Ubiquitome Analysis Reveals Diverse Functions of Ubiquitination in Rice Seed Development under High-Temperature Stress","authors":"Yining Ying, Yuehan Pang, Jinsong Bao","doi":"10.48130/seedbio-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/seedbio-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Protein ubiquitination plays vital roles in regulation of diverse cellular processes during plant growth and development. However, how protein ubiquitination regulates seed development in high-temperature environments is less understood. Here, a label-free quantification identified 488 lysine modification sites in 246 ubiquitinated proteins in the endosperm of two rice varieties, 9311 and Guangluai4 (GLA4). Under high-temperature stress, the number of significantly up-regulated sites was far greater than down-regulated sites, and 37 ubiquitinated proteins were commonly regulated with the same trend in the two varieties. The sucrose and starch metabolism were greatly over-represented by functional and pathway enrichment analyses. The key functions of ubiquitinated proteins related to starch metabolism are SUS1, SUS2, SUS3, FK and UGPase for sucrose hydrolysis, and AGPL2, AGPL3, AGPS1, AGPS2, GBSSI, BEI, BEIIb, PUL and Pho1 for starch synthesis. Most lysine modification sites were first identified in rice and tended to be up-regulated under heat stress, providing evidence for decreased protein abundance of starch synthesis related enzyme at the ubiquitination level. Predicted 3D models of GBSSI revealed an important role of ubiquitylation sites K462 involved in the interaction between the GBSSI and ligands (SO<sub>4</sub> and ADP). Our study provides the first comprehensive view of the ubiquitome in rice seeds, which will provide important insight into the mechanism underlying seed development and grain quality improvement under high-temperature stress.","PeriodicalId":137493,"journal":{"name":"Seed Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48130/seedbio-2023-0016
Guangming Lou, Mufid Alam Bhat, Xuan Tan, Yingying Wang, Yuqing He
Proteins, the second-largest storage substance in rice endosperm, play an important role in determining the cooking and eating qualities of rice. Its contents are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This article provides a review of the evaluation methods for cooking and eating qualities of rice and starch physicochemical properties, the factors that affect the protein content of rice, the genetic basis of rice protein content, the research progress made in the genetic improvement of rice protein content, and the prospects for the future, aiming to provide a reference for the genetic improvement of rice protein content and the breeding of rice varieties with excellent taste.
{"title":"Research progress on the relationship between rice protein content and cooking and eating quality and its influencing factors","authors":"Guangming Lou, Mufid Alam Bhat, Xuan Tan, Yingying Wang, Yuqing He","doi":"10.48130/seedbio-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/seedbio-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins, the second-largest storage substance in rice endosperm, play an important role in determining the cooking and eating qualities of rice. Its contents are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This article provides a review of the evaluation methods for cooking and eating qualities of rice and starch physicochemical properties, the factors that affect the protein content of rice, the genetic basis of rice protein content, the research progress made in the genetic improvement of rice protein content, and the prospects for the future, aiming to provide a reference for the genetic improvement of rice protein content and the breeding of rice varieties with excellent taste.","PeriodicalId":137493,"journal":{"name":"Seed Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136258837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.48130/seedbio-2022-0003
Mengxiang Sun
Since the 24th February 2022, Russia has been conducting extensive air and missile strikes against the Ukraine military they have also been conducting concurrent ground offensives beyond Crimea and the Donbas breakaway entities. Recent reports highlighted that Russia has continually advanced in different maneuver axes and at present, no one can predict when and how the Ukraine conflict will end. For over three months, the conflict has greatly influenced the global economy and sounded the alarm bells for global food safety, especially to those countries which greatly depend on food and chemical fertilizer import from Russia and Ukraine, as well as those countries sensitive to food price variation shock. According to the '2021 GLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES (GRFC 2022)' by the World Food Program (WFP) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), due to regional conflicts, economic downturn and Covid-19 about 1.93 billion people in 53 countries and regions are facing a food crisis, which is the highest number since 2016, and since 2000 the number has increased by 0.4 billion. Since both Russia and the Ukraine are important countries for grain export, the RussiaUkraine conflict, the reduced agricultural output (particularly grains and oilseeds), and economic sanctions against Russia, have further enhanced the global food crisis. Notably, we are facing great challenges in global food safety. Here, we try to emphasize the influences of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on global food safety in terms of its shortand long-term effects based on our current understooding to date.
{"title":"The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on global grain market and food security: Short- and long-term effects","authors":"Mengxiang Sun","doi":"10.48130/seedbio-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48130/seedbio-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 24th February 2022, Russia has been conducting extensive air and missile strikes against the Ukraine military they have also been conducting concurrent ground offensives beyond Crimea and the Donbas breakaway entities. Recent reports highlighted that Russia has continually advanced in different maneuver axes and at present, no one can predict when and how the Ukraine conflict will end. For over three months, the conflict has greatly influenced the global economy and sounded the alarm bells for global food safety, especially to those countries which greatly depend on food and chemical fertilizer import from Russia and Ukraine, as well as those countries sensitive to food price variation shock. According to the '2021 GLOBAL REPORT ON FOOD CRISES (GRFC 2022)' by the World Food Program (WFP) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), due to regional conflicts, economic downturn and Covid-19 about 1.93 billion people in 53 countries and regions are facing a food crisis, which is the highest number since 2016, and since 2000 the number has increased by 0.4 billion. Since both Russia and the Ukraine are important countries for grain export, the RussiaUkraine conflict, the reduced agricultural output (particularly grains and oilseeds), and economic sanctions against Russia, have further enhanced the global food crisis. Notably, we are facing great challenges in global food safety. Here, we try to emphasize the influences of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on global food safety in terms of its shortand long-term effects based on our current understooding to date.","PeriodicalId":137493,"journal":{"name":"Seed Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115537152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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