Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2284746
Bo Sun, Ningbo Peng, Yuanyuan Fan, Huyuan Zhang, Fengrui Wang
The degradation of stone cultural heritage due to weathering has posed significant challenges in cultural relics preservation. This study focuses on the role of seepage in rock weathering and its e...
{"title":"Impact of Rock Matrix Seepage on Hollowing and Cracking of Surface Restoration Layer in the Leshan Giant Buddha","authors":"Bo Sun, Ningbo Peng, Yuanyuan Fan, Huyuan Zhang, Fengrui Wang","doi":"10.1080/15583058.2023.2284746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2023.2284746","url":null,"abstract":"The degradation of stone cultural heritage due to weathering has posed significant challenges in cultural relics preservation. This study focuses on the role of seepage in rock weathering and its e...","PeriodicalId":13783,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masonry buildings constitute a great Italian historical and cultural heritage, but they were also severely damaged by earthquakes over the centuries. Therefore, to assess their structural and seism...
{"title":"Model Updating of Cultural Heritage Buildings Through Swarm Intelligence Algorithms","authors":"Fabrizio Gara, Vanni Nicoletti, Davide Arezzo, Leonardo Cipriani, Graziano Leoni","doi":"10.1080/15583058.2023.2277324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2023.2277324","url":null,"abstract":"Masonry buildings constitute a great Italian historical and cultural heritage, but they were also severely damaged by earthquakes over the centuries. Therefore, to assess their structural and seism...","PeriodicalId":13783,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2263407
Abraham Zamcheck, Cao Chen
ABSTRACTA form of roof support that transmits the force of the roof ridge through axial loading to its triangular components matured in China by the time of the Sui (581 AD–618 AD) and Tang (618 AD–907 AD) dynasties. The structure attracted the attention of pioneering scholar of traditional Chinese architecture Liang Sicheng (1901–1972) in part because the structure bore similarities to the Western roof supports that later developed in the direction of the modern truss, and represented a road not taken by Chinese traditional architecture. Liang referred to the structure as a chashou. However, in the years since Liang’s death, scholars have applied the term chashou to an ever-broader range of angular components found in the Chinese architectural repertoire. By examining structural properties rather than external triangular forms, a more precise classification is proposed. Clarifying the unique features of the chashou in the Sui-Tang, this essay illustrates how a structure that matured by the time of the Sui Dynasty and the Tang reflected the gradual replacement of diagonal beam (xieliang 斜梁) rafter supports by China’s characteristic column and tie (tailiang 抬梁) construction.KEYWORDS: Architectural structurechashouimperial Chinalarge-spanningofficial architectureroof supportsSui Dynasty, Tang Dynastytimber structuretraditional Chinese architecture AcknowledgmentsProfessor Ruan Xing, dean of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Design, and Abraham Zamcheck’s doctoral advisor, has provided support and assistance on this paper, which has represented a portion of Abraham’s doctoral work. The authors are very grateful for the insight and assistance provided by Professor Liu Jie on this subject, in particular in extensive conversations in 2018 and 2019 that spurred this research effort. We are particularly grateful for the advice provided by Tom Peters concerning essential structural questions described in an earlier version of this draft, as well as Ji Yuanzhen for his feedback. A special thanks is owed to co-author Cao Chen as well for his encouragement in sustaining and completing this work. Special thanks as well to Cao Yongkang for his feedback, as well as his support and encouragement for the primary author’s visit to Foguang and Nanchan Temples in July 2023. Thanks as well as to Director Lu Yi and his colleagues at the Shanxi Institute for the Protection of Traditional Architecture (山西古建筑保护研究所), and Li Huizhi for the generous and insightful feedback on a draft of this paper presented in Taiyuan on July 15 2023 by the primary author, and for the accompanying thoughts shared on a joint trip together with Institute members Wang Xiaolong and Han Ruobing. The primary author is also grateful to Frank Yih and Terry Zhu of the Shanghai Rotary Club as well as the larger staff for hosting him in the fall of 2022 during the difficult circumstances of the COVID pandemic, allowing this research to get back on track, as well as for related help from Du S
{"title":"Positioning the <i>Chashou</i> Roof Support in Chinese Architectural History","authors":"Abraham Zamcheck, Cao Chen","doi":"10.1080/15583058.2023.2263407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2023.2263407","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA form of roof support that transmits the force of the roof ridge through axial loading to its triangular components matured in China by the time of the Sui (581 AD–618 AD) and Tang (618 AD–907 AD) dynasties. The structure attracted the attention of pioneering scholar of traditional Chinese architecture Liang Sicheng (1901–1972) in part because the structure bore similarities to the Western roof supports that later developed in the direction of the modern truss, and represented a road not taken by Chinese traditional architecture. Liang referred to the structure as a chashou. However, in the years since Liang’s death, scholars have applied the term chashou to an ever-broader range of angular components found in the Chinese architectural repertoire. By examining structural properties rather than external triangular forms, a more precise classification is proposed. Clarifying the unique features of the chashou in the Sui-Tang, this essay illustrates how a structure that matured by the time of the Sui Dynasty and the Tang reflected the gradual replacement of diagonal beam (xieliang 斜梁) rafter supports by China’s characteristic column and tie (tailiang 抬梁) construction.KEYWORDS: Architectural structurechashouimperial Chinalarge-spanningofficial architectureroof supportsSui Dynasty, Tang Dynastytimber structuretraditional Chinese architecture AcknowledgmentsProfessor Ruan Xing, dean of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Design, and Abraham Zamcheck’s doctoral advisor, has provided support and assistance on this paper, which has represented a portion of Abraham’s doctoral work. The authors are very grateful for the insight and assistance provided by Professor Liu Jie on this subject, in particular in extensive conversations in 2018 and 2019 that spurred this research effort. We are particularly grateful for the advice provided by Tom Peters concerning essential structural questions described in an earlier version of this draft, as well as Ji Yuanzhen for his feedback. A special thanks is owed to co-author Cao Chen as well for his encouragement in sustaining and completing this work. Special thanks as well to Cao Yongkang for his feedback, as well as his support and encouragement for the primary author’s visit to Foguang and Nanchan Temples in July 2023. Thanks as well as to Director Lu Yi and his colleagues at the Shanxi Institute for the Protection of Traditional Architecture (山西古建筑保护研究所), and Li Huizhi for the generous and insightful feedback on a draft of this paper presented in Taiyuan on July 15 2023 by the primary author, and for the accompanying thoughts shared on a joint trip together with Institute members Wang Xiaolong and Han Ruobing. The primary author is also grateful to Frank Yih and Terry Zhu of the Shanghai Rotary Club as well as the larger staff for hosting him in the fall of 2022 during the difficult circumstances of the COVID pandemic, allowing this research to get back on track, as well as for related help from Du S","PeriodicalId":13783,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","volume":"57 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2278067
Anastasios Drougkas, Vasilis Sarhosis, Alice Macente, Muhammed Basheer, Antonella D’Alessandro, Filippo Ubertini
Intervention materials for historic structures need to be mechanically and physically compatible with the in-situ material for maintaining durability. For historic masonry structures, joint repointing is ideally executed using lime-based mortars, which are inherently low-strength and deterioration-prone. Mortar modification through micro-scale fillers, in addition to enhancing self-sensing, could enhance mechanical properties, thereby improved intervention agents. Therefore, micro-scale modification of mortars can lead to the creation of smart intervention materials, suitable for structural health monitoring. This paper presents the mechanical and physical testing conducted on a natural hydraulic lime-based mortar modified using carbon microfibres. The objective of the study was the evaluation of the mechanical advantages of a micro-scale modified material over its unmodified counterpart as a repointing mortar for masonry structures. The strength enhancement of paste and mortar was measured. Changes in workability, durability and porosity due to modification were investigated. The test results helped establish the superiority of the modified mortar as an intervention material compared to the unmodified lime mortar. The modified materials exhibited enhanced mechanical strength. The consistence of the modified mortar was not negatively impacted by the micro-scale fillers. The modified mortar had slightly lower salt intrusion durability, while the durability of the paste was improved.
{"title":"Mechanical and Durability Testing and XCT Imaging of a Lime-Based Micro-Scale Modified Smart Intervention Mortar","authors":"Anastasios Drougkas, Vasilis Sarhosis, Alice Macente, Muhammed Basheer, Antonella D’Alessandro, Filippo Ubertini","doi":"10.1080/15583058.2023.2278067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2023.2278067","url":null,"abstract":"Intervention materials for historic structures need to be mechanically and physically compatible with the in-situ material for maintaining durability. For historic masonry structures, joint repointing is ideally executed using lime-based mortars, which are inherently low-strength and deterioration-prone. Mortar modification through micro-scale fillers, in addition to enhancing self-sensing, could enhance mechanical properties, thereby improved intervention agents. Therefore, micro-scale modification of mortars can lead to the creation of smart intervention materials, suitable for structural health monitoring. This paper presents the mechanical and physical testing conducted on a natural hydraulic lime-based mortar modified using carbon microfibres. The objective of the study was the evaluation of the mechanical advantages of a micro-scale modified material over its unmodified counterpart as a repointing mortar for masonry structures. The strength enhancement of paste and mortar was measured. Changes in workability, durability and porosity due to modification were investigated. The test results helped establish the superiority of the modified mortar as an intervention material compared to the unmodified lime mortar. The modified materials exhibited enhanced mechanical strength. The consistence of the modified mortar was not negatively impacted by the micro-scale fillers. The modified mortar had slightly lower salt intrusion durability, while the durability of the paste was improved.","PeriodicalId":13783,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","volume":"4 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2277320
Teresa Artola-Guijarro, Alejandro Martínez de Arbulo
Between the 16th and the 18th centuries, over a hundred churches in the Basque Country were covered with wooden vaults. The surviving examples show that these structures were created employing highly developed carpentry techniques. However, little is known about the craftspeople who built them and the design techniques they employed. This article analyses four churches with wooden barrel vaults in order to clarify their geometry and measurements. A laser scanner was employed to create accurate models of the curved shape of the vaults. The models were then analysed to determine the methodology and measurement units used to design these vaults. As a result, it was found that the vaults follow a variety of geometric layouts, including semicircular, pointed, and surbased oval shapes. In addition, the pie was identified as the most probable design unit, reinforcing the hypothesis that it was architectural carpenters, and not shipbuilding carpenters, who designed these vaults.
{"title":"Churches with Wooden Vaults in the Basque Country: An Analysis of Design Techniques and Measurement Units","authors":"Teresa Artola-Guijarro, Alejandro Martínez de Arbulo","doi":"10.1080/15583058.2023.2277320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2023.2277320","url":null,"abstract":"Between the 16th and the 18th centuries, over a hundred churches in the Basque Country were covered with wooden vaults. The surviving examples show that these structures were created employing highly developed carpentry techniques. However, little is known about the craftspeople who built them and the design techniques they employed. This article analyses four churches with wooden barrel vaults in order to clarify their geometry and measurements. A laser scanner was employed to create accurate models of the curved shape of the vaults. The models were then analysed to determine the methodology and measurement units used to design these vaults. As a result, it was found that the vaults follow a variety of geometric layouts, including semicircular, pointed, and surbased oval shapes. In addition, the pie was identified as the most probable design unit, reinforcing the hypothesis that it was architectural carpenters, and not shipbuilding carpenters, who designed these vaults.","PeriodicalId":13783,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","volume":"110 35","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2277328
Y.P. Oktiovan, L. Davis, R. Wilson, A. Dell’Endice, A. Mehrotra, B. Pulatsu, D. Malomo
The assessment of the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry cross-vaults is still a challenge in numerical analysis, due to complex curved geometries and bond patterns, and uncertainties related to the selection of adequate modeling strategies, including but not limited to that of material properties, damping scheme, and unit/joint idealization. This paper presents the results of a collaborative effort to validate, against the shake table test of both unstrengthened and strengthened masonry cross-vault specimens as part of the SERA Project Blind Prediction and Post-diction Competition, various discontinuum-based numerical approaches. First, the geometry of the cross-vault is created using a Python-based computational framework to accurately represent the brick arrangement and the shape of the vault. Then, the geometry is converted into an assemblage of deformable blocks and analyzed using the Distinct Element Method (DEM). An elasto-softening contact model based on fracture energy is implemented in the masonry joints to simulate crushing, tensile, and shear failures. The performance of the proposed strategy, conceived for the unstrengthened configuration of the tested vault specimen and then adapted to include the presence of cementitious repairs, shows satisfactory agreement with both qualitative and quantitative experimental responses, also revealing critical insights and lessons learned through the blind/post-prediction exercise.
{"title":"Simplified Micro-Modeling of a Masonry Cross-Vault for Seismic Assessment Using the Distinct Element Method","authors":"Y.P. Oktiovan, L. Davis, R. Wilson, A. Dell’Endice, A. Mehrotra, B. Pulatsu, D. Malomo","doi":"10.1080/15583058.2023.2277328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2023.2277328","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry cross-vaults is still a challenge in numerical analysis, due to complex curved geometries and bond patterns, and uncertainties related to the selection of adequate modeling strategies, including but not limited to that of material properties, damping scheme, and unit/joint idealization. This paper presents the results of a collaborative effort to validate, against the shake table test of both unstrengthened and strengthened masonry cross-vault specimens as part of the SERA Project Blind Prediction and Post-diction Competition, various discontinuum-based numerical approaches. First, the geometry of the cross-vault is created using a Python-based computational framework to accurately represent the brick arrangement and the shape of the vault. Then, the geometry is converted into an assemblage of deformable blocks and analyzed using the Distinct Element Method (DEM). An elasto-softening contact model based on fracture energy is implemented in the masonry joints to simulate crushing, tensile, and shear failures. The performance of the proposed strategy, conceived for the unstrengthened configuration of the tested vault specimen and then adapted to include the presence of cementitious repairs, shows satisfactory agreement with both qualitative and quantitative experimental responses, also revealing critical insights and lessons learned through the blind/post-prediction exercise.","PeriodicalId":13783,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2277316
Bin Chang, Jiaxuan Li, Ku Li, Xilian Luo, Zhaolin Gu
ABSTRACTDry cracking is the most perilous weathering process threatening the structural stability of earthen sites. Even in a high-humidity environment, dry cracking resulting from soil water evaporation cannot be entirely prevented. This study examined use of an ultrasonic atomization system to create an atmosphere of water-mist above excavated earthen sites. This system was selected to facilitate liquid water transport from air to the soil, to prevent dry cracking of earthen sites. A validation experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the system for wetting earthen sites. The experimental results revealed that the system could maintain a high water content at an excavated earthen sites with a minimal gradient in soil water content and significantly reduced salt concentrations in the soil surface layer. The HYDRUS-2D model was calibrated using 15 d of experimental data, enabling numerical simulation of water and salt transport at an excavated earthen site under various wetting scenarios for a one-year period. The simulations demonstrated a steady increase in water content and a gradual decrease in the water content gradient at the excavated earthen site when short wetting intervals were used, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the site. These findings offer a vital reference for the application of ultrasonic atomization in the wetting of excavated earthen sites to prevent dry cracking.KEYWORDS: Cultural heritageDry crackingExcavated earthen sitesHYDRUS-2DUltrasonic wetting Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [52078417].
{"title":"Prevention of Dry Cracking of Excavated Earthen Sites at Han Yangling Museum Using Ultrasonic Wetting","authors":"Bin Chang, Jiaxuan Li, Ku Li, Xilian Luo, Zhaolin Gu","doi":"10.1080/15583058.2023.2277316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2023.2277316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTDry cracking is the most perilous weathering process threatening the structural stability of earthen sites. Even in a high-humidity environment, dry cracking resulting from soil water evaporation cannot be entirely prevented. This study examined use of an ultrasonic atomization system to create an atmosphere of water-mist above excavated earthen sites. This system was selected to facilitate liquid water transport from air to the soil, to prevent dry cracking of earthen sites. A validation experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the system for wetting earthen sites. The experimental results revealed that the system could maintain a high water content at an excavated earthen sites with a minimal gradient in soil water content and significantly reduced salt concentrations in the soil surface layer. The HYDRUS-2D model was calibrated using 15 d of experimental data, enabling numerical simulation of water and salt transport at an excavated earthen site under various wetting scenarios for a one-year period. The simulations demonstrated a steady increase in water content and a gradual decrease in the water content gradient at the excavated earthen site when short wetting intervals were used, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the site. These findings offer a vital reference for the application of ultrasonic atomization in the wetting of excavated earthen sites to prevent dry cracking.KEYWORDS: Cultural heritageDry crackingExcavated earthen sitesHYDRUS-2DUltrasonic wetting Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [52078417].","PeriodicalId":13783,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2276177
Min Li, Yuji Hasemi, Wakako Tanaka, Yuna Nozoe, Minori Nagasawa
ABSTRACTMany historic districts/villages in East Asia are densely built with traditional wooden structures that are not resistant to disasters, making them vulnerable to fire and at high risk of large-scale fires. Particularly in Japan, the types of historic districts/villages vary in terms of how they were formed based on where they are located. In addition to the high risk of fire, in recent years, with the aging of the population, there has been a rise in the number of vacant houses and households with only elderly residents, which has led to an increase in the risk of delayed fire detection and reduced fire response capabilities. In this study, we focus on preserved commercial and waving industrial historic districts and a historic mountain village in Japan. Through multiple questionnaires and interview surveys with residents, we examine the use of a fire signal sharing system to control fire damage by sharing fire signals with neighbors to detect and discover fires at a very early stage and extinguish fires early by mutual assistance among residents. As a result, in the surveyed historic districts/village, based on the understanding of the actual living situations and use of buildings, it is revealed that it is difficult to discover and respond to fires at an early stage during certain time periods due to a decline in population in the district/village and changes in building use. Then, through analyzing resident questionnaire results on neighborhood relations and resident awareness of mutual assistance in the event of a disaster, residents’ degree of neighborhood interaction and level of cooperation perception, it is clarified that residents with close neighborhood relations and high degrees of neighborhood interaction tend to have high levels of cooperation perception and will take various cooperative response actions to the extent of initial fire extinguishing. Based on the analysis of the survey results conducted in the preserved historic districts where a fire signal sharing system has already been installed as a fire prevention measure, it is found that the residents who actually took mutual-aid actions related to early fire response when the system was triggered had high degrees of interaction, and especially the resident cooperation during an early stage fire in Takayama Sanmachi is considered to be effective in controlling fire damage.KEYWORDS: Fire prevention measurefire signal sharing systemmutual-aid early fire response systemneighborhood relationspreserved historic districts/villagesresidents’ interaction degreeresidents’ perception of cooperation in times of fire AcknowledgmentsWe are deeply grateful to the Takayama City Board of Education and the residents of the Takayama Sanmachi preserved historic district in Gifu Prefecture, Kiryu City Hall and the Kiryu Shinmachi preserved historic district in Gunma Prefecture, as well as the Yaizu City Board of Education and the Hanazawa preserved historic village in Shizuoka Prefecture f
{"title":"A Fire Prevention Measure for Disaster Prevention Planning Based on Resident Conditions and Community Characteristics in Preserved Historic Districts/Village in Japan","authors":"Min Li, Yuji Hasemi, Wakako Tanaka, Yuna Nozoe, Minori Nagasawa","doi":"10.1080/15583058.2023.2276177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2023.2276177","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTMany historic districts/villages in East Asia are densely built with traditional wooden structures that are not resistant to disasters, making them vulnerable to fire and at high risk of large-scale fires. Particularly in Japan, the types of historic districts/villages vary in terms of how they were formed based on where they are located. In addition to the high risk of fire, in recent years, with the aging of the population, there has been a rise in the number of vacant houses and households with only elderly residents, which has led to an increase in the risk of delayed fire detection and reduced fire response capabilities. In this study, we focus on preserved commercial and waving industrial historic districts and a historic mountain village in Japan. Through multiple questionnaires and interview surveys with residents, we examine the use of a fire signal sharing system to control fire damage by sharing fire signals with neighbors to detect and discover fires at a very early stage and extinguish fires early by mutual assistance among residents. As a result, in the surveyed historic districts/village, based on the understanding of the actual living situations and use of buildings, it is revealed that it is difficult to discover and respond to fires at an early stage during certain time periods due to a decline in population in the district/village and changes in building use. Then, through analyzing resident questionnaire results on neighborhood relations and resident awareness of mutual assistance in the event of a disaster, residents’ degree of neighborhood interaction and level of cooperation perception, it is clarified that residents with close neighborhood relations and high degrees of neighborhood interaction tend to have high levels of cooperation perception and will take various cooperative response actions to the extent of initial fire extinguishing. Based on the analysis of the survey results conducted in the preserved historic districts where a fire signal sharing system has already been installed as a fire prevention measure, it is found that the residents who actually took mutual-aid actions related to early fire response when the system was triggered had high degrees of interaction, and especially the resident cooperation during an early stage fire in Takayama Sanmachi is considered to be effective in controlling fire damage.KEYWORDS: Fire prevention measurefire signal sharing systemmutual-aid early fire response systemneighborhood relationspreserved historic districts/villagesresidents’ interaction degreeresidents’ perception of cooperation in times of fire AcknowledgmentsWe are deeply grateful to the Takayama City Board of Education and the residents of the Takayama Sanmachi preserved historic district in Gifu Prefecture, Kiryu City Hall and the Kiryu Shinmachi preserved historic district in Gunma Prefecture, as well as the Yaizu City Board of Education and the Hanazawa preserved historic village in Shizuoka Prefecture f","PeriodicalId":13783,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Heritage","volume":"105 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135540208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2268015
Felat Dursun, E. Deniz Oğuz-Kırca, Vedat Toprak, Aytaç Coşkun
ABSTRACTThe Roman period Castrum Zerzevan is on a hill 35 km south of Diyarbakır, Türkiye. Various field evidence (e.g. petrographic similarities, sudden changes of the topographic contours, the morphology of the nearby hills, and traces of the on-site quarry activities) suggests that the topography of the hilltop was artificially modified and used as a quarry. This study aims to introduce an approach that creates the ancient topography and calculates and verifies the volume of the on-site material required to build the fortification and associated structures by applying morphological analyses. The primary objective of the methodology is to reconstruct the site’s ancient topography and examine the difference between its former and present surfaces. The result indicates that approximately 36% of the extracted material was used in the enclosure. The overall findings and site investigations suggest quarrying and construction activities were carried out in a planned manner or concurrently at the site. In addition to the collected samples’ petrographic and geochemical similarities, the Castrum‘s topographical modifications and the suitability of the geological unit as a building material support our claim that the Romans were well aware of environmental conditions (including topography and morphology) and material performance.KEYWORDS: Ancient topographybuilding techniquecastrum romanageomorphologyquarryzerzevan castle AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to express their deepest gratitude to the Castrum Zerzevan Excavation Team for all their hard work, care and assistance throughout the entire steps of this project. The authors also acknowledge the financial support provided by Dicle University/Scientific Research Project Coordination Office (DÜBAP) under the grant number MÜHENDİSLİK.18.007.Author contributionsState of art and research questions: Vedat Toprak, Felat Dursun and Deniz Oğuz-KırcaResearch design: Felat Dursun and Deniz Oğuz-KırcaData collection: Felat Dursun, Vedat Toprak, Deniz Oğuz-Kırca and Aytaç CoşkunInterpretation of the results: Felat Dursun, Vedat Toprak, Deniz Oğuz-Kırca and Aytaç CoşkunWriting and edition: Felat Dursun and Deniz Oğuz-KırcaAll authors read and approved the final manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Particular information is conveyed in some travel anecdotes. Indicatively (Buckingham Citation1827), pp. 384–390.2 In line with the knowledge contained in the passages of ancient writers, the critical legion headquarters in Anatolia were founded in Melitene (Gabriel Citation1940, 264–269) (Malatya); Zeugma (for Legio IV (Scythica, Wagner Citation1977, 517–540) (Belkıs); Samosata (Adıyaman) and Satala (Lightfoot Citation1998), pp. 273–284 (Hartmann et al. Citation2006); (Gümüşhane) (Cary and Foster Citation1925. For those who organized at this level by establishing headquarters as well as many other legions stationed in Anatolia, Parker Citation2000, 122
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Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2023.2273359
Cardinali V, Tanganelli M, Trovatelli F
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