A total of 100 morning mid-stream urine samples from pregnant women were streaked on general and selective media, the growing bacteria were diagnosed biochemically and by using Api system.The results revealed the occurrence of 52 isolates of pathogenic bacteria which were dividedin to Gram– positive bacteria 43 (83%) and Gram – negative bacteria9 (17%).Then the ability of S . aureus and E. coli bacteria which were responsible for the highest percentage of urinary tract infection to form biofilm were tested by using tube methods (TM), in order to select one isolate for each bacteria that having the highest ability to form the biofilm to continue the other steps of the study. Then the ability of these two isolates to form some virulence factors such as hemolysin, protease, β – lactamase , biofilm and adherenceare tested.Pomegranate peel had been extracted by three solvents (alcoholic 96%, aqueous and the acetone 70%). The inhibition zones diameters of the pomegranate peel extracts against studied bacteria increase significantly with concentrations increase. The MICof the extracts was determined against studied bacteria which reached to 0.04 g/ml when used both the ethanol and the acetone extracts, while reached to 0.06 g/ml in the aqueous extract. The ability of two studied bacteria to produce virulence factors were compared before and after treated with MIC of extracts which revealed there is not effect of the extracts on the ability of studied bacteria to produce hemolysin and protease enzymes, while both S . aureus and E. coli bacteria loss its ability to produce β – lactamaseenzyme after treated with MIC of the extracts. In addition extracts were affected largely on adherence activity & biofilm forming ability of tested bacteria and there affect difference with the different kinds of the extracts.
{"title":"Anti-Virulence Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extracts on Most Common Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens in Pregnant Women","authors":"W. Al-wazni, B. S. Hadi","doi":"10.22317/JCMS.V1I4.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22317/JCMS.V1I4.45","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 100 morning mid-stream urine samples from pregnant women were streaked on general and selective media, the growing bacteria were diagnosed biochemically and by using Api system.The results revealed the occurrence of 52 isolates of pathogenic bacteria which were dividedin to Gram– positive bacteria 43 (83%) and Gram – negative bacteria9 (17%).Then the ability of S . aureus and E. coli bacteria which were responsible for the highest percentage of urinary tract infection to form biofilm were tested by using tube methods (TM), in order to select one isolate for each bacteria that having the highest ability to form the biofilm to continue the other steps of the study. Then the ability of these two isolates to form some virulence factors such as hemolysin, protease, β – lactamase , biofilm and adherenceare tested.Pomegranate peel had been extracted by three solvents (alcoholic 96%, aqueous and the acetone 70%). The inhibition zones diameters of the pomegranate peel extracts against studied bacteria increase significantly with concentrations increase. The MICof the extracts was determined against studied bacteria which reached to 0.04 g/ml when used both the ethanol and the acetone extracts, while reached to 0.06 g/ml in the aqueous extract. The ability of two studied bacteria to produce virulence factors were compared before and after treated with MIC of extracts which revealed there is not effect of the extracts on the ability of studied bacteria to produce hemolysin and protease enzymes, while both S . aureus and E. coli bacteria loss its ability to produce β – lactamaseenzyme after treated with MIC of the extracts. In addition extracts were affected largely on adherence activity & biofilm forming ability of tested bacteria and there affect difference with the different kinds of the extracts.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126923117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article has reviewed researches that obtained from peer-reviewed literatures on Salmonellosis and Shigellosis in different parts of Ethiopia. The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella, the causative agent for Salmonellosis and Shigellosis, respectively, their antibiogram and growth potential were the main objectives of this review. Foodborne diseases related to unhygienic food handling practices remain a major public health problem across the globe. The problem is severe in developing countries due to limitations in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. Data shows that an estimated 70% of cases of diarrheal diseases are associated with the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Among these microorganisms Salmonella and Shigella are the major ones. In most studies of Antibiograms tests, Salmonella and Shigella spp. showed high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics which indicate serious problems in antimicrobial therapy globally, especially in developing countries. In challenge studies , Salmonella and Shigella spp . reached the infective dose within 4 to 24 hours of inoculation, respectively in various food samples. In this review, it is noted that these potentially pathogens are still public health problems. Therefore, there needs health education, frequent monitory and evaluation system of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance so as to plan intervention strategies for at risk population in the area of water sanitation and hygienic food handling practice to minimize the burden posed by the diseases Salmonellosis and Shigellosis. Keywords : Antibiograms; Diarrheal diseases; Ethiopia; Foodborne diseases; Growth potential; Salmonellosis; Shigellosis.
{"title":"Prevalence, Antibiogram and Growth Potential of Salmonella and Shigella in Ethiopia: Implications for Public Health. A Review","authors":"Gosa Girma","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.288.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.288.307","url":null,"abstract":"This article has reviewed researches that obtained from peer-reviewed literatures on Salmonellosis and Shigellosis in different parts of Ethiopia. The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella, the causative agent for Salmonellosis and Shigellosis, respectively, their antibiogram and growth potential were the main objectives of this review. Foodborne diseases related to unhygienic food handling practices remain a major public health problem across the globe. The problem is severe in developing countries due to limitations in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. Data shows that an estimated 70% of cases of diarrheal diseases are associated with the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Among these microorganisms Salmonella and Shigella are the major ones. In most studies of Antibiograms tests, Salmonella and Shigella spp. showed high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics which indicate serious problems in antimicrobial therapy globally, especially in developing countries. In challenge studies , Salmonella and Shigella spp . reached the infective dose within 4 to 24 hours of inoculation, respectively in various food samples. In this review, it is noted that these potentially pathogens are still public health problems. Therefore, there needs health education, frequent monitory and evaluation system of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance so as to plan intervention strategies for at risk population in the area of water sanitation and hygienic food handling practice to minimize the burden posed by the diseases Salmonellosis and Shigellosis. Keywords : Antibiograms; Diarrheal diseases; Ethiopia; Foodborne diseases; Growth potential; Salmonellosis; Shigellosis.","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123608224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is an important tool for the identification and treatment disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Thorough understanding of infection control and its application to GI endoscopy is crucial to prevent lapses in reprocessing and the possibility of transmission of infection ( Nelson, DB.2003). Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluation the effect of infection control training program on nurse’s performance and microbial results on GIT Endoscopes. Setting & Subjects: It was conducted at Elnaser Insurance Hospital at Helwan City in Egypt. Purposive sample included all available (40) nurses, and 5 GIT endoscopes. Study tools: Tools used for data collection included self-administered questionnaire sheet, an observation checklist, and microbiological assessment sheet. Results: The mean ± SD age of the studied nurses were 29.5 ±5.76, about two thirds were female and diploma nurse, and more than phases, these indicated for decrease the presence of microbial infection. Conclusion: there were a statistical significance difference between pre implementation of infection control training program and post implementation the endoscopic reprocessing program lead to improve nurses’ knowledge and skills as well as decrease the incidence of microbial infection transmission through GIT three years of experience, these experience from working, There was a highly significant difference in nurses' level of knowledge and skills as well as microbiological testes throughout the study endoscope. Recommendations: Continuous educational infection control training programs are recommended. So incorporation of such interventions apply in all endoscope unite all over Egypt. Keywords: Infection Control, Nurse’s Performance, Microbial Results
{"title":"Effect of Infection Control Training Program on Nurse’s Performance and Microbial Results on GIT Endoscopes","authors":"Zeinab H. Ali, N. Taha","doi":"10.21608/ZNJ.2014.39219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZNJ.2014.39219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is an important tool for the identification and treatment disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Thorough understanding of infection control and its application to GI endoscopy is crucial to prevent lapses in reprocessing and the possibility of transmission of infection ( Nelson, DB.2003). Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluation the effect of infection control training program on nurse’s performance and microbial results on GIT Endoscopes. Setting & Subjects: It was conducted at Elnaser Insurance Hospital at Helwan City in Egypt. Purposive sample included all available (40) nurses, and 5 GIT endoscopes. Study tools: Tools used for data collection included self-administered questionnaire sheet, an observation checklist, and microbiological assessment sheet. Results: The mean ± SD age of the studied nurses were 29.5 ±5.76, about two thirds were female and diploma nurse, and more than phases, these indicated for decrease the presence of microbial infection. Conclusion: there were a statistical significance difference between pre implementation of infection control training program and post implementation the endoscopic reprocessing program lead to improve nurses’ knowledge and skills as well as decrease the incidence of microbial infection transmission through GIT three years of experience, these experience from working, There was a highly significant difference in nurses' level of knowledge and skills as well as microbiological testes throughout the study endoscope. Recommendations: Continuous educational infection control training programs are recommended. So incorporation of such interventions apply in all endoscope unite all over Egypt. Keywords: Infection Control, Nurse’s Performance, Microbial Results","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130410723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheese is a product made from the curd obtained from milk by coagulating the casein with the help of rennet in the presence of lactic acid produced by added starter culture. The study was aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of pre ripened provolone cheese prepared from different blends of cow, doe, ewe and camel whole milk. The sources of milk were from Hawassa town, Langano and Kofele areas of Oromiya region. Pre ripened provolone cheeses were made from blends contained ratio between 60-80%, 10-30%, 10-30% and 0-20% for cow, doe, ewe and camel milk, respectively using standard procedure. The whole milk and its pre ripened provolone cheeses were subjected to physicochemical analyses. The physicochemical analyses, selected minerals, bioactive compounds, microbial quality and consumer acceptability of the pre ripened provolone cheese were analyzed. The blending proportion of different milk had significant (P<0.05) effect on the physiochemical property, mineral, bioactive and sensory quality of pre ripened provolone cheese. The physiochemical property of whole milk for manufacture of pre ripened provolone cheeses were in the range between 10.56 to 15.08% for total solids, 3.45 to 5.20% for fat and 3 to 4.19% for crude protein. The chemical composition of pre ripened provolone cheese prepared from different blended milk ranged from 47.32- 67.05% for total solids, 24.26 – 36.81% for fat, 17.78 – 26.30% for crude protein, 1.09 – 3.49% for total ash, and 0.75 – 2.98% for lactose; ascorbic acid (0.49 to 3.08 mg/kg) and total polyphenols (1.00 to 17.50 (mg GAE/g). The fat, protein and total solids recovery of pre ripened provolone cheeses ranged from 64.87% to 95.39%, 54.58% to 84.67% and 41.35% to 59.92% respectively. The yield of pre ripened provolone cheese ranged from 9.22% to 13.47%. Total bacteria count was found to be the predominant micro flora of pre ripened provolone cheeses and reached 5.24 cfu/g in the control cheese. The entire consumer acceptability of the pre ripened provolone cheese was in acceptable range. In conclusion, the pre ripened provolone cheese prepared from T12 (60% cow, 10% doe and 30% ewe) milk gave better cheese yield and had auspicious results in nutritional qualities comparable with that of control cheese and other cheese samples. Keywords: Blends of whole milk, cheese yield, pre-ripened provolone cheese, quality characterization DOI: 10.7176/ALST/82-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2020
{"title":"Production of Pre Ripened Provolone Cheese and Quality Characterization Using Blends of Whole Milk","authors":"Yosef Alemneh","doi":"10.7176/alst/82-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/82-01","url":null,"abstract":"Cheese is a product made from the curd obtained from milk by coagulating the casein with the help of rennet in the presence of lactic acid produced by added starter culture. The study was aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of pre ripened provolone cheese prepared from different blends of cow, doe, ewe and camel whole milk. The sources of milk were from Hawassa town, Langano and Kofele areas of Oromiya region. Pre ripened provolone cheeses were made from blends contained ratio between 60-80%, 10-30%, 10-30% and 0-20% for cow, doe, ewe and camel milk, respectively using standard procedure. The whole milk and its pre ripened provolone cheeses were subjected to physicochemical analyses. The physicochemical analyses, selected minerals, bioactive compounds, microbial quality and consumer acceptability of the pre ripened provolone cheese were analyzed. The blending proportion of different milk had significant (P<0.05) effect on the physiochemical property, mineral, bioactive and sensory quality of pre ripened provolone cheese. The physiochemical property of whole milk for manufacture of pre ripened provolone cheeses were in the range between 10.56 to 15.08% for total solids, 3.45 to 5.20% for fat and 3 to 4.19% for crude protein. The chemical composition of pre ripened provolone cheese prepared from different blended milk ranged from 47.32- 67.05% for total solids, 24.26 – 36.81% for fat, 17.78 – 26.30% for crude protein, 1.09 – 3.49% for total ash, and 0.75 – 2.98% for lactose; ascorbic acid (0.49 to 3.08 mg/kg) and total polyphenols (1.00 to 17.50 (mg GAE/g). The fat, protein and total solids recovery of pre ripened provolone cheeses ranged from 64.87% to 95.39%, 54.58% to 84.67% and 41.35% to 59.92% respectively. The yield of pre ripened provolone cheese ranged from 9.22% to 13.47%. Total bacteria count was found to be the predominant micro flora of pre ripened provolone cheeses and reached 5.24 cfu/g in the control cheese. The entire consumer acceptability of the pre ripened provolone cheese was in acceptable range. In conclusion, the pre ripened provolone cheese prepared from T12 (60% cow, 10% doe and 30% ewe) milk gave better cheese yield and had auspicious results in nutritional qualities comparable with that of control cheese and other cheese samples. Keywords: Blends of whole milk, cheese yield, pre-ripened provolone cheese, quality characterization DOI: 10.7176/ALST/82-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"928 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114058024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodiversity loss caused by invasive species may soon surpass the damage done by habitat destruction and fragmentation. Biological invasions are an important component of human-caused global environmental change. Invasive alien species are now a major focus of global conservation concern. The decisions need to be made on whether benefits derived from the invasive spread of an alien species outweigh the reduced value of ecosystem services, e.g. the loss of grazing land in areas invaded with Lantana camara and Senna occidentalis . It is necessary to consider actions to deal with the current problems caused by invasive species and to reduce the magnitude of the problem in the future. The present catalogue on invasive alien plant species of the northwestern & Western Ethiopia is therefore timely one. It focuses on some species of invasive alien plants in Ethiopia. These include the most serious invasives, such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, Cassia uniflora, Chromolaena odorata, Eichhornia crassipes, Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus , Senna obtusifolia and others. I am confident that this publication will be immense value to foresters, environmentalists, field researchers and conservation managers to pay attention on the ecological impact of invasive aliens both at the species and at the ecosystem levels. Keywords : Biodiversity, invasive species, conservation, environmental change DOI : 10.7176/ALST/74-04 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
{"title":"Invasive Alien Plant Species in the Northwestern & Western Provenance of Ethiopia and Linking Its’ Phonological Implication to Management and Control","authors":"Dereje Mosissa","doi":"10.7176/alst/74-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/74-04","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity loss caused by invasive species may soon surpass the damage done by habitat destruction and fragmentation. Biological invasions are an important component of human-caused global environmental change. Invasive alien species are now a major focus of global conservation concern. The decisions need to be made on whether benefits derived from the invasive spread of an alien species outweigh the reduced value of ecosystem services, e.g. the loss of grazing land in areas invaded with Lantana camara and Senna occidentalis . It is necessary to consider actions to deal with the current problems caused by invasive species and to reduce the magnitude of the problem in the future. The present catalogue on invasive alien plant species of the northwestern & Western Ethiopia is therefore timely one. It focuses on some species of invasive alien plants in Ethiopia. These include the most serious invasives, such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, Cassia uniflora, Chromolaena odorata, Eichhornia crassipes, Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus , Senna obtusifolia and others. I am confident that this publication will be immense value to foresters, environmentalists, field researchers and conservation managers to pay attention on the ecological impact of invasive aliens both at the species and at the ecosystem levels. Keywords : Biodiversity, invasive species, conservation, environmental change DOI : 10.7176/ALST/74-04 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125481549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic polymorphisms are important risk factors that are involved in development and severity of disease infections especially tuberculosis. In this study, a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism of immune response protein gene, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) occurring in exon 2 (rs3804099) was carried out by genotypic analysis of cases and controls for tuberculosis. The paediatric study population consisted of 151 cases and 82 controls obtained mainly from Xhosa ethnic group.Result from this study showed that this non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism of TLR2 was not associated with tuberculosis (p= 0.38). Keywords : Tuberculosis, Toll-like Receptor 2, Paediatrics, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms DOI : 10.7176/ALST/74-06 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
{"title":"Non-Association of Toll-Like Receptor 2 rs3804099 Polymorphism with Paediatric Tuberculosis in South Africa","authors":"I. Udosen","doi":"10.7176/alst/74-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/74-06","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic polymorphisms are important risk factors that are involved in development and severity of disease infections especially tuberculosis. In this study, a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism of immune response protein gene, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) occurring in exon 2 (rs3804099) was carried out by genotypic analysis of cases and controls for tuberculosis. The paediatric study population consisted of 151 cases and 82 controls obtained mainly from Xhosa ethnic group.Result from this study showed that this non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism of TLR2 was not associated with tuberculosis (p= 0.38). Keywords : Tuberculosis, Toll-like Receptor 2, Paediatrics, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms DOI : 10.7176/ALST/74-06 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"20 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132388523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since agriculture started Peoples were trying to select the best varieties, cross-fertilize and then further selecting to improve the domesticated crops. Through process, plant improvement by the use of biotechnology and genetic engineering by manipulating existing genetic resources started. This technology offers breeders access short way of improving domesticated plants, mainly because it can bypass biological barriers for recombination and genetic exchange across unrelated species by creating Trans genes. The first genetically modified (GM) plant was produced in 1983, using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant, since then a number of genetically modified food crops were developed. Some of the genetically modified crops available in the market include cotton, soybean, canola, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, etc. This paper critically reviews genetically modified crops, their benefit, risk and public perception, it also addresses the production trend of biotech crops. Genetically-modified food crops has the potential to solve many of the world's hunger and malnutrition problems and to help protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides. In contrary much has been said about potential risks of genetic engineering technology, there are critics and concerns about the safety, environmental and ecological risks and health hazards; but so far there is little evidence from scientific studies that these risks are real. The following points are the gaps need to be filled in order for it to be successful technology. This includes to test the potential risks of GM food crops under controlled condition before their introduction, Scientists should first finish probing for desirable trait from more of related species before going for another organism so as to reduce the public’s concern, informing the public about the food production and the safety used in developing GM crops so they can form opinions based on facts, not fear, making the primary goal of institution to serve the public not money. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/74-01 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
{"title":"Review on Genetically Modified Horticultural Crops, Benefit, Risk and Public Perceptions","authors":"Kifle Zerga","doi":"10.7176/alst/74-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/74-01","url":null,"abstract":"Since agriculture started Peoples were trying to select the best varieties, cross-fertilize and then further selecting to improve the domesticated crops. Through process, plant improvement by the use of biotechnology and genetic engineering by manipulating existing genetic resources started. This technology offers breeders access short way of improving domesticated plants, mainly because it can bypass biological barriers for recombination and genetic exchange across unrelated species by creating Trans genes. The first genetically modified (GM) plant was produced in 1983, using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant, since then a number of genetically modified food crops were developed. Some of the genetically modified crops available in the market include cotton, soybean, canola, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, etc. This paper critically reviews genetically modified crops, their benefit, risk and public perception, it also addresses the production trend of biotech crops. Genetically-modified food crops has the potential to solve many of the world's hunger and malnutrition problems and to help protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides. In contrary much has been said about potential risks of genetic engineering technology, there are critics and concerns about the safety, environmental and ecological risks and health hazards; but so far there is little evidence from scientific studies that these risks are real. The following points are the gaps need to be filled in order for it to be successful technology. This includes to test the potential risks of GM food crops under controlled condition before their introduction, Scientists should first finish probing for desirable trait from more of related species before going for another organism so as to reduce the public’s concern, informing the public about the food production and the safety used in developing GM crops so they can form opinions based on facts, not fear, making the primary goal of institution to serve the public not money. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/74-01 Publication date :May 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133904182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postharvest losses of vegetables can occur at any point from harvest through collection and distribution to the final consumer. Thus, preservation is important for all stake holders involved from planting till consumption of these vegetables. There is therefore the need to look into the use of common methods including home appliances to increase the shelf-life of these produce. Research was conducted to investigate the use of microwave radiation from the kitchen microwave oven for the preservation of fruits using tomato as the test crop. The experiment was conducted inside the Laboratory of Agronomy department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology LAUTECH, Ogbomoso Oyo state, Nigeria. Tomato fruits were harvested from the teaching and research farm of LAUTECH at maturity stage, and batched into (four) 4 groups of ten (10) tomatoes each then labelled (B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B o – control). The B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 tomatoes were radiated using the kitchen microwave oven for 5, 10 and 15minutes at three microwave power levels of low (9.3GHz), med-low (9.5GHz) and high (10.0GHz) frequency. The samples were monitored under room temperature for ripening for 5weeks.The result shows that only 20% out of the radiated tomatoes at low frequency of 9.3GHz for 15minutes were ripened by the 5 th week while B o tomatoes were all ripened and spoilt by the 3 rd week of observation. It is therefore recommended that tomato fruits can be preserved best at a recommended frequency of 9.3GHz for 15minutes. Keywords: postharvest losses, Electro-magnetic radiation (EMR), tomato preservation, kitchen microwave oven, DOI : 10.7176/ALST/76-05 Publication date :September 30 th 2019
{"title":"Assessing Preservation of Tomato with the Use of Microwave Radiation","authors":"F. Oni, O. M. Oni, P. E. Uhunamure","doi":"10.7176/alst/76-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/76-05","url":null,"abstract":"Postharvest losses of vegetables can occur at any point from harvest through collection and distribution to the final consumer. Thus, preservation is important for all stake holders involved from planting till consumption of these vegetables. There is therefore the need to look into the use of common methods including home appliances to increase the shelf-life of these produce. Research was conducted to investigate the use of microwave radiation from the kitchen microwave oven for the preservation of fruits using tomato as the test crop. The experiment was conducted inside the Laboratory of Agronomy department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology LAUTECH, Ogbomoso Oyo state, Nigeria. Tomato fruits were harvested from the teaching and research farm of LAUTECH at maturity stage, and batched into (four) 4 groups of ten (10) tomatoes each then labelled (B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B o – control). The B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 tomatoes were radiated using the kitchen microwave oven for 5, 10 and 15minutes at three microwave power levels of low (9.3GHz), med-low (9.5GHz) and high (10.0GHz) frequency. The samples were monitored under room temperature for ripening for 5weeks.The result shows that only 20% out of the radiated tomatoes at low frequency of 9.3GHz for 15minutes were ripened by the 5 th week while B o tomatoes were all ripened and spoilt by the 3 rd week of observation. It is therefore recommended that tomato fruits can be preserved best at a recommended frequency of 9.3GHz for 15minutes. Keywords: postharvest losses, Electro-magnetic radiation (EMR), tomato preservation, kitchen microwave oven, DOI : 10.7176/ALST/76-05 Publication date :September 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126002094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Fatoki, Badmus Jelili Abiodun, C. O. Fatoki, A. Adekunle, G. Adeleke, S. Kehinde
Arsenic is an environmental pollutant and its contamination in the drinking water is considered as a serious worldwide environmental health threat. The present study investigated the effects of arsenic exposure on antioxidant parameters and p53 expression in male albino rats. The animals (n=45) were exposed to arsenic (100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm) for 4, 8 and 12 weeks as sodium arsenate in drinking water. Control animals (n=15) received distilled water for the same period. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and total protein were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Expression of p53 was also detected by histochemical staining. Before the commencement of arsenic exposure, five animals were sacrificed to obtain baseline data. ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was used to analyse the results with p<0.05 considered significant. Significant decrement in hepatic activities of SOD, catalase and GPx as well as hepatic concentration of GSH and total protein concentration characterized exposure to all the dose regimens of inorganic arsenic at all the time interval. Corroboratively, significant elevation was observed in malondialdehyde (MDA). The expression of p53 decreased in the groups that were exposed to arsenic as compared to the control animals. The findings from the present study suggests excessive generation of free radicals and reduction in p53 expression in arsenic – induced hepatotoxicity. Keywords : Arsenic, Toxicity, Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidation DOI : 10.7176/ALST/75-04 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
{"title":"Induction of Oxidative Stress: A Possible Mechanism for the Arsenic Induced Catastrophes in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"J. Fatoki, Badmus Jelili Abiodun, C. O. Fatoki, A. Adekunle, G. Adeleke, S. Kehinde","doi":"10.7176/alst/75-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/75-04","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic is an environmental pollutant and its contamination in the drinking water is considered as a serious worldwide environmental health threat. The present study investigated the effects of arsenic exposure on antioxidant parameters and p53 expression in male albino rats. The animals (n=45) were exposed to arsenic (100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm) for 4, 8 and 12 weeks as sodium arsenate in drinking water. Control animals (n=15) received distilled water for the same period. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and total protein were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Expression of p53 was also detected by histochemical staining. Before the commencement of arsenic exposure, five animals were sacrificed to obtain baseline data. ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was used to analyse the results with p<0.05 considered significant. Significant decrement in hepatic activities of SOD, catalase and GPx as well as hepatic concentration of GSH and total protein concentration characterized exposure to all the dose regimens of inorganic arsenic at all the time interval. Corroboratively, significant elevation was observed in malondialdehyde (MDA). The expression of p53 decreased in the groups that were exposed to arsenic as compared to the control animals. The findings from the present study suggests excessive generation of free radicals and reduction in p53 expression in arsenic – induced hepatotoxicity. Keywords : Arsenic, Toxicity, Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidation DOI : 10.7176/ALST/75-04 Publication date :June 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128583915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Omoike, Ajose Daniel, F. I. Adeosun, K. Elezuo, A. Abdullahi
This study was carried out to isolate, identify and determine the microbial loads that affect the culture of hatchlings (stage whereby hatchlings absorbed their yolk) in siphoned and unsiphoned water in fish culture. The hatchlings were separated into two groups of triplicate sampling bowls and labelled siphoned and unsiphoned. Samples were analysed for presence of bacteria and fungi using standard methods. The microbial analysis of the siphoned and unsiphoned culture of hatchlings was based on Total Viable Count (TVC) and Total Coliform Count (TCC). The bacterial examination was conducted to isolate and identify bacterial isolates. Serial dilution and inoculation were carried out using sterile media on crushed hatchling samples. Water sample was analysed by inoculating on Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA). For fungal identification both crushed hatchling and water were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), Isolates were examined macroscopically by colony shape, size, colour, and growing pattern, observed under microscope and identified with the help of fungal identification key. Bacterial identification was based on colonial, morphological and biochemical characteristics of colonies. The biochemical test were carried out on the bacterial isolates using catalase test, coagulase test, motility test, triple sugar iron test, indole test and motility test. One way anova was the statistical analysis used for all the results obtained in this experiment. The results showed that the bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli , Streptococcus sp., while the fungi include Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Mucor sp. The bacterial isolates showed trending pattern with an increase in count from the first day to the seventh day in unsiphoned as against the siphoned water sample. Conversely, the fungal isolates showed an inconsistent load value between siphoned and unsiphoned from the first day to the seventh. This study revealed that bacterial isolates are more associated than the fungal isolates in the hatchlings culture. The fungal load isolated are relatively lower and significantly different (P<0.05) than the bacterial load observed. Keywords: Bacterial, Fungal, African Catfish, Culturing methods, Hatchlings DOI : 10.7176/ALST/71-05
{"title":"Comparative Study on Bacterial and Fungal Loads from Siphoned and Unsiphoned Culture of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Hatchlings","authors":"A. Omoike, Ajose Daniel, F. I. Adeosun, K. Elezuo, A. Abdullahi","doi":"10.7176/alst/71-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/71-05","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to isolate, identify and determine the microbial loads that affect the culture of hatchlings (stage whereby hatchlings absorbed their yolk) in siphoned and unsiphoned water in fish culture. The hatchlings were separated into two groups of triplicate sampling bowls and labelled siphoned and unsiphoned. Samples were analysed for presence of bacteria and fungi using standard methods. The microbial analysis of the siphoned and unsiphoned culture of hatchlings was based on Total Viable Count (TVC) and Total Coliform Count (TCC). The bacterial examination was conducted to isolate and identify bacterial isolates. Serial dilution and inoculation were carried out using sterile media on crushed hatchling samples. Water sample was analysed by inoculating on Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA). For fungal identification both crushed hatchling and water were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), Isolates were examined macroscopically by colony shape, size, colour, and growing pattern, observed under microscope and identified with the help of fungal identification key. Bacterial identification was based on colonial, morphological and biochemical characteristics of colonies. The biochemical test were carried out on the bacterial isolates using catalase test, coagulase test, motility test, triple sugar iron test, indole test and motility test. One way anova was the statistical analysis used for all the results obtained in this experiment. The results showed that the bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli , Streptococcus sp., while the fungi include Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Mucor sp. The bacterial isolates showed trending pattern with an increase in count from the first day to the seventh day in unsiphoned as against the siphoned water sample. Conversely, the fungal isolates showed an inconsistent load value between siphoned and unsiphoned from the first day to the seventh. This study revealed that bacterial isolates are more associated than the fungal isolates in the hatchlings culture. The fungal load isolated are relatively lower and significantly different (P<0.05) than the bacterial load observed. Keywords: Bacterial, Fungal, African Catfish, Culturing methods, Hatchlings DOI : 10.7176/ALST/71-05","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127361945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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