This study was conducted to characterize and identify husbandry practice and major constraints of feedlot industries in Adama quarantine area. Three feedlot farms were used to collect data to compare management and biosecurity of each feedlot and determine the impact of improper animal handling on animal export from Ethiopia. Questionnaire data collected was coded and entered in to Microsoft Excel spread sheet and was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0 software. Questionnaire survey has been conducted on 40 of the quarantine workers which include the management team, veterinarian in charge and daily laborers. Among the total of 40 people 62.5% (25/40) answers the animal injured found in the quarantine whether they are due to transportation or incomplete management found in the feedlot. When we see the number of died animals in each quarantine stations it is quite different in number. For example, in Koshe and Wanji quarantine stations the number of died animals are 11(2.2%) and 12(0.75%) respectively but the number died animals in both quarantine stations were significantly different when comparing by their number of animals found in the farm. According to the respondents and statistical evaluation rate the biosecurity in three feedlots scarcity or totally absent of feedlot requirements leads diseases to cattle which in turn constraint the live animal export and decrease the requirement of Ethiopia’s livestock in import countries. As statistical evaluation shows the percentage of injury, no isolation of new arrival and sick animals, feed disorder, improper storage of feed, problems in the farm including scarcity of materials, absence of vaccination and contact of species of animals that were not the member of the species those in feedlot were significant reason in study area. Individually all person should take responsibility to present quality livestock for export requirement. Keywords: Adama, feedlot, livestock export, management and biosecurity, quarantine, questionnaire survey, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2020
{"title":"Livestock Export from Adama Quarantine Stations: Comparing Management and Biosecurity of Feedlots before Live Animal Export, DireDawa, Ethiopia","authors":"J. Shiferaw","doi":"10.7176/alst/83-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/83-04","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to characterize and identify husbandry practice and major constraints of feedlot industries in Adama quarantine area. Three feedlot farms were used to collect data to compare management and biosecurity of each feedlot and determine the impact of improper animal handling on animal export from Ethiopia. Questionnaire data collected was coded and entered in to Microsoft Excel spread sheet and was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0 software. Questionnaire survey has been conducted on 40 of the quarantine workers which include the management team, veterinarian in charge and daily laborers. Among the total of 40 people 62.5% (25/40) answers the animal injured found in the quarantine whether they are due to transportation or incomplete management found in the feedlot. When we see the number of died animals in each quarantine stations it is quite different in number. For example, in Koshe and Wanji quarantine stations the number of died animals are 11(2.2%) and 12(0.75%) respectively but the number died animals in both quarantine stations were significantly different when comparing by their number of animals found in the farm. According to the respondents and statistical evaluation rate the biosecurity in three feedlots scarcity or totally absent of feedlot requirements leads diseases to cattle which in turn constraint the live animal export and decrease the requirement of Ethiopia’s livestock in import countries. As statistical evaluation shows the percentage of injury, no isolation of new arrival and sick animals, feed disorder, improper storage of feed, problems in the farm including scarcity of materials, absence of vaccination and contact of species of animals that were not the member of the species those in feedlot were significant reason in study area. Individually all person should take responsibility to present quality livestock for export requirement. Keywords: Adama, feedlot, livestock export, management and biosecurity, quarantine, questionnaire survey, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"45 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115173674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ethonobotanical study is important from the standpoint of conservation and sustainable use of community based knowledge plant biodiversity. A survey to identify and document local community knowledge and a conservation status of the plant biodiversity was conducted in welkait wereda, western Tigray, Ethiopia. A reconnaissance survey, plant interview and different ranking methods were applied to gather primary ethnobotanical data collection. Respondents from the age of 15-80 years old were selected with the help of Wereda and Tabia agricultural experts and local elders. Data was analyzed using ranks, percentages and SPSS version 20. Nearly 97 plant species serve for different ethnobotanical use that belongs to 52 families and 86 genera were identified from welkait wereda. The growth patern of the plant species were 39% tree, 31% herb, 28% shrub and 2% climbers. 41% of the remedy prepared from the leaves, 16% from root, 19 % stem, 15% fruit, and the remaining is another part of the plant species. The habitat of the identified medicinal plant was 90% wild and 10 % domesticated. Agricultural expansion, firewood collection and free grazing were the three most threats to medicinal plants as described by the informants. Anogeissus leiocarpa, Terminalia brownie and Securidaca longipedunculata were the most threatened medicinal plants based on the score given by the key informants. Education and age of the informants positively correlate (p<0.001, p<0.005 respecively) with number of medicinal plants mentioned. Community based awareness creation and insitu and exsitu conservation method need to be implemented for sustainable utilization of plant biodiversity. Keywords: Adi remets, Welkait, medicinal, Conservation, threats DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2020
从保护和可持续利用基于群落知识的植物生物多样性的角度来看，开展民族植物学研究具有重要意义。在埃塞俄比亚提格雷西部的welkait wereda进行了一项调查，以确定和记录当地社区知识和植物生物多样性保护状况。采用调查、植物访谈和不同排序等方法收集原始民族植物学资料。受访者年龄在15-80岁之间，是在Wereda和Tabia农业专家和当地老人的帮助下选择的。数据分析采用排名、百分比和SPSS version 20。经鉴定，该地区具有不同民族植物利用价值的植物种类近97种，隶属于52科86属。乔木占39%，草本占31%，灌木占28%，攀缘植物占2%。41%的药物从叶子中提取，16%从根中提取，19%从茎中提取，15%从果实中提取，其余为该植物的另一部分。所鉴定的药用植物生境90%为野生，10%为驯化。据举报人描述，农业扩张、柴火采集和自由放牧是对药用植物的三大威胁。根据关键情报员的评分结果，白羊草(angeisissus leiocarpa)、龙心草(Terminalia brownie)和长柄蛇尾草(Securidaca longgidunculata)是最受威胁的药用植物。被调查者的文化程度和年龄与提及的药用植物数量呈正相关(p<0.001, p<0.005)。要实现植物生物多样性的可持续利用，必须实施以社区为基础的意识培养和就地、移地保护方法。关键词:Adi, Welkait，药用，保护，威胁DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-01出版日期:2020年11月30日
{"title":"Ethnobotanical Use and Conservation of Plants Biodiversity by the Local Community of Welkait Wereda, Western Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Fitsumbirhan Tewelde","doi":"10.7176/alst/83-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/83-01","url":null,"abstract":"An ethonobotanical study is important from the standpoint of conservation and sustainable use of community based knowledge plant biodiversity. A survey to identify and document local community knowledge and a conservation status of the plant biodiversity was conducted in welkait wereda, western Tigray, Ethiopia. A reconnaissance survey, plant interview and different ranking methods were applied to gather primary ethnobotanical data collection. Respondents from the age of 15-80 years old were selected with the help of Wereda and Tabia agricultural experts and local elders. Data was analyzed using ranks, percentages and SPSS version 20. Nearly 97 plant species serve for different ethnobotanical use that belongs to 52 families and 86 genera were identified from welkait wereda. The growth patern of the plant species were 39% tree, 31% herb, 28% shrub and 2% climbers. 41% of the remedy prepared from the leaves, 16% from root, 19 % stem, 15% fruit, and the remaining is another part of the plant species. The habitat of the identified medicinal plant was 90% wild and 10 % domesticated. Agricultural expansion, firewood collection and free grazing were the three most threats to medicinal plants as described by the informants. Anogeissus leiocarpa, Terminalia brownie and Securidaca longipedunculata were the most threatened medicinal plants based on the score given by the key informants. Education and age of the informants positively correlate (p<0.001, p<0.005 respecively) with number of medicinal plants mentioned. Community based awareness creation and insitu and exsitu conservation method need to be implemented for sustainable utilization of plant biodiversity. Keywords: Adi remets, Welkait, medicinal, Conservation, threats DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114152609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past decades, functional genomics, metabolic engineering and mutagenesis screening have been reported on lactic acid bacteria found in food fermentation. The identification and adaptation of novel processes are being researched and applied into the artisanal and industrial fermentation of foods. Genomics and metabolic engineering have been identified and these innovative processes have been shown to optimize the production of metabolites and enhance the functionality of fermented foods production and processing. In the long history, lactic acid bacteria have been used as a probiotic as well as starter functioning for various traditional food fermentation and human health. Novel probiotic microbial starter cultures are being formulated having diverse health benefits and being used for the production of fermented foods and beverages, functional foods and nutraceuticals and single cell protein. In the last decade, functional genomics approaches have been reported for lactic acid bacteria found in diary fermentation products. However, functional and comparative genomic studies have targeted a variety of foods where much attention has been focused on starter lactic acid bacteria and non-starter lactic acid bacterial microbial strains. This review is focusing on the potential of functional genomic, metabolic engineering and mutagenesis approaches to unravel the molecular processes in lactic acid bacteria used in industrial fermentation process that determine their functional efficacy in food industry. Keywords: Fermentation, Genomics, Lactic acid bacteria, Metabolic engineering, Mutagenesis DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-03 Publication date: November 30 th 2020
{"title":"Functional Genomics, Metabolic Engineering and Mutagenesis Study of Lactic Acid Bacterial Strains in Traditional Food Fermentation, Human Health and Their Potential Applications","authors":"M. Workie","doi":"10.7176/alst/83-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/83-03","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decades, functional genomics, metabolic engineering and mutagenesis screening have been reported on lactic acid bacteria found in food fermentation. The identification and adaptation of novel processes are being researched and applied into the artisanal and industrial fermentation of foods. Genomics and metabolic engineering have been identified and these innovative processes have been shown to optimize the production of metabolites and enhance the functionality of fermented foods production and processing. In the long history, lactic acid bacteria have been used as a probiotic as well as starter functioning for various traditional food fermentation and human health. Novel probiotic microbial starter cultures are being formulated having diverse health benefits and being used for the production of fermented foods and beverages, functional foods and nutraceuticals and single cell protein. In the last decade, functional genomics approaches have been reported for lactic acid bacteria found in diary fermentation products. However, functional and comparative genomic studies have targeted a variety of foods where much attention has been focused on starter lactic acid bacteria and non-starter lactic acid bacterial microbial strains. This review is focusing on the potential of functional genomic, metabolic engineering and mutagenesis approaches to unravel the molecular processes in lactic acid bacteria used in industrial fermentation process that determine their functional efficacy in food industry. Keywords: Fermentation, Genomics, Lactic acid bacteria, Metabolic engineering, Mutagenesis DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-03 Publication date: November 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121029636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eight Oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes including standard check were essentially evaluated for their herbage dry matter yields, grain yields and nutritional quality characters at two environments (Bako and Billo) Western Oromia during 2014, 2015 and 2016 main cropping season with the objective of selecting the top performing oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes for variety development. The tested genotypes were ILRI 6710, ILRI 5453, ILRI 5518, ILRI 6207, ILRI 712, ILRI 8237, Jasari (local check) and Bonsa (standard check). The genotypes were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on herbage DM yield, grain yield and other agronomic traits were collected and analyzed using GenStat software. The combined analysis for herbage dry matter yield indicated that a significant differences (p 0.05) results were observed in crude protein and fiber quality parameters (NDF, ADF and lignin). Genotype and genotype by environment interaction biplot analysis (GGE) also confirmed that Bate variety showed better stability and thus ideal variety recommended for production in the tested environments and other areas with similar agro-ecologies. Keywords: Avena sativa L ., Bate, Genotype, Herbage yield, Quality parameters DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2020
{"title":"The Development and Registration of “Bate”, Oat (Avena sative L.) Variety for Western Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Mekonnen Diribsa","doi":"10.7176/alst/83-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/83-02","url":null,"abstract":"Eight Oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes including standard check were essentially evaluated for their herbage dry matter yields, grain yields and nutritional quality characters at two environments (Bako and Billo) Western Oromia during 2014, 2015 and 2016 main cropping season with the objective of selecting the top performing oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes for variety development. The tested genotypes were ILRI 6710, ILRI 5453, ILRI 5518, ILRI 6207, ILRI 712, ILRI 8237, Jasari (local check) and Bonsa (standard check). The genotypes were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on herbage DM yield, grain yield and other agronomic traits were collected and analyzed using GenStat software. The combined analysis for herbage dry matter yield indicated that a significant differences (p 0.05) results were observed in crude protein and fiber quality parameters (NDF, ADF and lignin). Genotype and genotype by environment interaction biplot analysis (GGE) also confirmed that Bate variety showed better stability and thus ideal variety recommended for production in the tested environments and other areas with similar agro-ecologies. Keywords: Avena sativa L ., Bate, Genotype, Herbage yield, Quality parameters DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122930621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Abolaban, Yazeed F. Alshehri, Basil A. Khayat, Turki M. Bafail, Saeed S. Alsebaeai, A. Alhawsawi, Mawya A. Khafaji, K. Alsafi, A. Hussain
The study of the induced radioactivity following radiotherapy with high energy X-rays from medical linear accelerator. Patient equivalent phantom made of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) of 30x30x27 cm size irradiated with 15 MV X-rays from Versa HD medical linear accelerator form Elekta. Induced radioactive and ambient dose rates were measured at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 m from beam center using GR1® spectrometry with Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors having energy resolution less than 2%. Spectrum analysis was performed using MultiSpect software. The measured spectrum showed 511 keV annihilation photons possibly as a result of positron emitter of which most likely candidates are 62 Cu(T1/2: 9.7 min), 64 Cu (T1/2: 12.7 h ) and 57 Ni (T1/2: 35.6 h) and a peak at ≈ 1780 keV that could be attributed 28 Al and 214 Bi radioisotope. Ambient photon dose rates post radiotherapy treatment ranged 660 µGyh -1 at o.5 m to 41 µGyh -1 at 1 m. These values agree well with the results presented in the literature. Keywords: Radiotherapy; Activation Products; Gamma spectrometry; Occupational exposure; Medical Linear Accelerator. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2020
{"title":"The Spectral Measurement of Scattered Radiation From a Clinical Linear Accelerator Using a CZT Detector","authors":"F. Abolaban, Yazeed F. Alshehri, Basil A. Khayat, Turki M. Bafail, Saeed S. Alsebaeai, A. Alhawsawi, Mawya A. Khafaji, K. Alsafi, A. Hussain","doi":"10.7176/alst/83-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/83-05","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the induced radioactivity following radiotherapy with high energy X-rays from medical linear accelerator. Patient equivalent phantom made of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) of 30x30x27 cm size irradiated with 15 MV X-rays from Versa HD medical linear accelerator form Elekta. Induced radioactive and ambient dose rates were measured at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 m from beam center using GR1® spectrometry with Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors having energy resolution less than 2%. Spectrum analysis was performed using MultiSpect software. The measured spectrum showed 511 keV annihilation photons possibly as a result of positron emitter of which most likely candidates are 62 Cu(T1/2: 9.7 min), 64 Cu (T1/2: 12.7 h ) and 57 Ni (T1/2: 35.6 h) and a peak at ≈ 1780 keV that could be attributed 28 Al and 214 Bi radioisotope. Ambient photon dose rates post radiotherapy treatment ranged 660 µGyh -1 at o.5 m to 41 µGyh -1 at 1 m. These values agree well with the results presented in the literature. Keywords: Radiotherapy; Activation Products; Gamma spectrometry; Occupational exposure; Medical Linear Accelerator. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/83-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124629906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kadek Agustina Puspa Ningrum, A. N. Usman, Syafruddin Syarif
Anemia is the highest cause of maternal death in Indonesia. Various methods were used to assist in preventing and overcoming anemia. The method used was Research and Development with the Borg and Gall development model which was simplified by the Research Center for Policy and Education Innovation Team of the National Education Research and Development Agency (Pultijaknov) and quantitative research methods with a quasi-experimental research design. The research was conducted in January-July 2020 at religious affairs office Biringkanaya Makassar. The subject of this research was the bride and groom at the Biringkanaya Religious Affairs Office in Makassar. Data analyzed used the Mann Whitney test. The results showed that the application of score detection and anemia education for the bride and groom was assessed by material experts with an average score of 3.30 (very good), the media expert's assessment was 3.25 (good) and the assessment of the prospective bride and groom in the small sample trial got a score of 3.63 (very good). The results of the large sample trial obtained p value 0.000
{"title":"Score Detection and Anemia Education Prospective Bridals Using Android Based Macca Botting Application","authors":"Kadek Agustina Puspa Ningrum, A. N. Usman, Syafruddin Syarif","doi":"10.7176/alst/82-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/82-05","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is the highest cause of maternal death in Indonesia. Various methods were used to assist in preventing and overcoming anemia. The method used was Research and Development with the Borg and Gall development model which was simplified by the Research Center for Policy and Education Innovation Team of the National Education Research and Development Agency (Pultijaknov) and quantitative research methods with a quasi-experimental research design. The research was conducted in January-July 2020 at religious affairs office Biringkanaya Makassar. The subject of this research was the bride and groom at the Biringkanaya Religious Affairs Office in Makassar. Data analyzed used the Mann Whitney test. The results showed that the application of score detection and anemia education for the bride and groom was assessed by material experts with an average score of 3.30 (very good), the media expert's assessment was 3.25 (good) and the assessment of the prospective bride and groom in the small sample trial got a score of 3.63 (very good). The results of the large sample trial obtained p value 0.000 <p value 0.05 that the botting macca application has an effect on the detection of scores and anemia education of the prospective bride. The development of an Android-based Botting Macca application program can be developed and it was suitable for future used. Keywords: android, anemia, score detection application, education. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/82-05 Publication date: October 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"469 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127545657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Asaduzzaman, Md. Alauddin, F. M. Juliana, M. Islam, Farzana Hafiz, Aradhan Sarkar
Introduction: Ketamine is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia. It induces a trance-like state while providing pain relief, sedation and memory loss. Ketamine causes morphological changes in the neuronal cells of growing rodent. Centella asiatica is used for memory enhancement in the ayurvadic system of medicine. It has been shown to be useful in improving learning and memory. Centella asiatica leaf extract treatment enhances neuronal dendritic arborization in hippocampus of growing rodent. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice were used for our experiment. Ketamine was administered subcutaneously and Centella-asiatica leaf extract was administered orally. Mice brain collected, grossed, processed and finally stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining process for viewing cellular and tissue structure detail by pathologists. Results: Focal cellular damage was seen in CA2 and CA4 area of cornu ammonis (CA), expanded cytoplasmic eosinophilia saw in the pyramidal cell layers (PY) of CA2, expanded cytoplasmic eosinophilia found with obliteration of neurifibrilary components (NFE), typical pyramidal cell (NPY) in the CA4, ordinary engineering of dentate granule layers (DG) and hardly any cells were found with diminished size in regards to granule layer cells (GC) in the brain hippocampus of the high ketamine prompted mice. In the mouse brain hippocampus for high ketamine- Centella asiatica summed up cell destruction found in the CA1 to CA4 of CA. Expanded cytoplasmic eosinophilia found in the pyramidal cell layers of CA2 than high dose ketamine group. The vast majority of the pyramidal cells were necrotic (PYN) with annihilation of neurofibrilary components (NFE) in the pyramidal cell layers of CA4. Keywords: Centella asiatica, Ketamine and memory impairment. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/82-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2020
{"title":"Histomorphological Effect of Centella Asiatica on Swiss Albino Mice Brain upon Ketamine Anesthetic Induced Memory Impairment","authors":"M. Asaduzzaman, Md. Alauddin, F. M. Juliana, M. Islam, Farzana Hafiz, Aradhan Sarkar","doi":"10.7176/alst/82-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/82-02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ketamine is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia. It induces a trance-like state while providing pain relief, sedation and memory loss. Ketamine causes morphological changes in the neuronal cells of growing rodent. Centella asiatica is used for memory enhancement in the ayurvadic system of medicine. It has been shown to be useful in improving learning and memory. Centella asiatica leaf extract treatment enhances neuronal dendritic arborization in hippocampus of growing rodent. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice were used for our experiment. Ketamine was administered subcutaneously and Centella-asiatica leaf extract was administered orally. Mice brain collected, grossed, processed and finally stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining process for viewing cellular and tissue structure detail by pathologists. Results: Focal cellular damage was seen in CA2 and CA4 area of cornu ammonis (CA), expanded cytoplasmic eosinophilia saw in the pyramidal cell layers (PY) of CA2, expanded cytoplasmic eosinophilia found with obliteration of neurifibrilary components (NFE), typical pyramidal cell (NPY) in the CA4, ordinary engineering of dentate granule layers (DG) and hardly any cells were found with diminished size in regards to granule layer cells (GC) in the brain hippocampus of the high ketamine prompted mice. In the mouse brain hippocampus for high ketamine- Centella asiatica summed up cell destruction found in the CA1 to CA4 of CA. Expanded cytoplasmic eosinophilia found in the pyramidal cell layers of CA2 than high dose ketamine group. The vast majority of the pyramidal cells were necrotic (PYN) with annihilation of neurofibrilary components (NFE) in the pyramidal cell layers of CA4. Keywords: Centella asiatica, Ketamine and memory impairment. DOI: 10.7176/ALST/82-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"3 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128374754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kuçi, E. Likaj, Alfred Ibrahim, J. Burimi, A. Kaçani, E. Prifti
Aim of Study : Redo patient undergoing valve surgery are always a challenge for both cardiac surgeon and anesthesiologists. Mix blood cardioplegia has had a profound impact on cardiac surgery. but there have been few studies on its use in mitral valve replacement, especially in redo patient. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mix blood cardioplegia offers any advantages in redo patient undergoing mitral valve replacement. Patients and Methods : 20 patient, who have had a previous mitral valve surgery and were scheduled for mitral valve replacement with or without tricuspid repair, were randomized retrospectively to one of two groups of 10 with different technique of myocardial protection: group A (10 patients) had cold crystalloid cardioplegia, and group B(10 patients) had mix blood cardioplegia, a technique modified on our clinic condition (made by mixing 400-500ml oxygenated blood from oxygenator and 10ml KCL 7.5%) . Systemic hypothermia was 28°C in Group A and between 32°C and 33°C in Group B. The results were primarily assessed on the basis of clinical outcome, such as hematocrit level intra and post CPB, maximum dose of inotropic support, spontaneous rhythm recovery after aortic cross clamping, length of intensive care unit stay and secondly on postoperative blood loss and blood requirements. Results : There were no preoperative or operative differences between the groups with regard to age, sex, diagnosis, rhythm, New York Heart Association functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, operation, or duration of the operation, CPB, or aortic cross clamping and the time when the patients underwent the first operation. There was one death in group A (10% mortality). The changes in hematocrit level differs significantly between the two groups on the post CPB period (p=0,02) There appeared to be a trend towards better spontaneous recovery of sinus rhythm after removal of the aortic cross clamp in group B compared with group A, the difference did reach statistical significance. (p=0.002). Patients on group A required more inotropic support than Group B (p=0.005). There were differences even on blood requirements postoperatively, more dominant these requirement were in group A (p=0.02). Discussion : Mix Blood Cardioplegia had beneficial effects in clinical outcome in redo patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery. This may be due to its better preservation of high-energy phosphates and endogenous amino acids, less anerobic metabolic activity on reperfusion, reduced release of cardiac troponin T, and improved post-ischemic functional recovery. Keywords: Miocardial protection, cardiopulmonary bypass CPB, Mix Blood Cardioplegia (MBC) DOI: 10.7176/ALST/82-04 Publication date: October 31 st 2020
{"title":"Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery in Redo Patients with Mix Blood Cardioplegia (MBC) Protection","authors":"S. Kuçi, E. Likaj, Alfred Ibrahim, J. Burimi, A. Kaçani, E. Prifti","doi":"10.7176/alst/82-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/82-04","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of Study : Redo patient undergoing valve surgery are always a challenge for both cardiac surgeon and anesthesiologists. Mix blood cardioplegia has had a profound impact on cardiac surgery. but there have been few studies on its use in mitral valve replacement, especially in redo patient. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mix blood cardioplegia offers any advantages in redo patient undergoing mitral valve replacement. Patients and Methods : 20 patient, who have had a previous mitral valve surgery and were scheduled for mitral valve replacement with or without tricuspid repair, were randomized retrospectively to one of two groups of 10 with different technique of myocardial protection: group A (10 patients) had cold crystalloid cardioplegia, and group B(10 patients) had mix blood cardioplegia, a technique modified on our clinic condition (made by mixing 400-500ml oxygenated blood from oxygenator and 10ml KCL 7.5%) . Systemic hypothermia was 28°C in Group A and between 32°C and 33°C in Group B. The results were primarily assessed on the basis of clinical outcome, such as hematocrit level intra and post CPB, maximum dose of inotropic support, spontaneous rhythm recovery after aortic cross clamping, length of intensive care unit stay and secondly on postoperative blood loss and blood requirements. Results : There were no preoperative or operative differences between the groups with regard to age, sex, diagnosis, rhythm, New York Heart Association functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, operation, or duration of the operation, CPB, or aortic cross clamping and the time when the patients underwent the first operation. There was one death in group A (10% mortality). The changes in hematocrit level differs significantly between the two groups on the post CPB period (p=0,02) There appeared to be a trend towards better spontaneous recovery of sinus rhythm after removal of the aortic cross clamp in group B compared with group A, the difference did reach statistical significance. (p=0.002). Patients on group A required more inotropic support than Group B (p=0.005). There were differences even on blood requirements postoperatively, more dominant these requirement were in group A (p=0.02). Discussion : Mix Blood Cardioplegia had beneficial effects in clinical outcome in redo patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery. This may be due to its better preservation of high-energy phosphates and endogenous amino acids, less anerobic metabolic activity on reperfusion, reduced release of cardiac troponin T, and improved post-ischemic functional recovery. Keywords: Miocardial protection, cardiopulmonary bypass CPB, Mix Blood Cardioplegia (MBC) DOI: 10.7176/ALST/82-04 Publication date: October 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125228954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-communicable diseases related to being overweight or obese have become a worldwide problem. There are various ways to help the weight loss program. This research aims to develop an android-based application for early detection and education of potential obesity for prospective brides, to test validation of media and material experts on products, small and large sample trials with a pre-post test on prospective brides. This study is categorized as research and development (R&D) based on Borg and Gall development model. Quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test was used in the research. Purposive sampling was used with 20 respondents of the prospective bride who were given an android-based application and 20 respondents were given print media. The research was conducted in Makassar, South Sulawesi in January - July 2020. The final results were carried out by the Man-Whitney statistical test to see the effect of giving applications to the prospective bride. The results of the research obtained the Botting Macca application was feasible to be developed based on the assessment of the media and material expert validation tests, and the results of small sample trials. The results of the large sample trial obtained p-value 0.001
{"title":"Early Detection and Education of Potential Obesity for Prospective Brides Using an Android-Based Botting Macca Application","authors":"Risa Arieska, Syafruddin Syarif, A. N. Usman","doi":"10.7176/alst/82-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/82-03","url":null,"abstract":"Non-communicable diseases related to being overweight or obese have become a worldwide problem. There are various ways to help the weight loss program. This research aims to develop an android-based application for early detection and education of potential obesity for prospective brides, to test validation of media and material experts on products, small and large sample trials with a pre-post test on prospective brides. This study is categorized as research and development (R&D) based on Borg and Gall development model. Quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test was used in the research. Purposive sampling was used with 20 respondents of the prospective bride who were given an android-based application and 20 respondents were given print media. The research was conducted in Makassar, South Sulawesi in January - July 2020. The final results were carried out by the Man-Whitney statistical test to see the effect of giving applications to the prospective bride. The results of the research obtained the Botting Macca application was feasible to be developed based on the assessment of the media and material expert validation tests, and the results of small sample trials. The results of the large sample trial obtained p-value 0.001 <p value 0.05 meaning that the Botting Macca application affects early detection and education of potential obesity in the prospective bride. The research implies an Android-based of Botting Macca application program is applicable and suitable for future use. Keywords: Applications, Android, Media, Obesity, Print Out DOI: 10.7176/ALST/82-03 Publication date: October 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122619596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kuçi, A. Ibrahimi, A. Kaçani, E. Likaj, A. Veshti, S. Dumani, K. Krakulli, A. Refatllari, E. Prifti
Immediate hemodilution and rapid decrease in osmotic pressure at the time of CBP onset are associated with the aforementioned organic dysfunctions. Decreased osmotic pressure increases effective filtration pressure and microvascular filtration. Consequently, an increase in pulmonary interstitial fluid and myocardial edema is observed after discontinuation of CBP. Retrograde autologous priming (RAP) is a means to effectively and safely restrict the hemodilution caused by the direct homologous blood transfusion and reduce the blood transfusion requirements during cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods The study included 40 patients scheduled to undergo coronary surgical revascularization, divided into two groups: the RAP group and the non-RAP group. The average age in both groups is 55 years (SD 5). Conclusion A significant benefit was observed between the two groups in the study regarding the amount of transfused blood (1.55 -SD 0.88) / (2.15 -SD 0.81). This is a very important fact in favor of using the RAP technique, taking into account the reduction of the risk for complications carried by heterologous transfusion. Also, a significant reduction in the use of donated blood at a time when the problems of blood insufficiency in the collection centers are known, is equally important. The hospitalization (days of staying) in the ICU is also significantly lower in the RAP group (2.6 -SD 0.68) / (3.1-SD 0.64). This should be related to the faster activation of RAP in patients as a result of faster return to normal weight (with less fluid load), better ventilator function, and faster decline of cerebral edema. Keywords : Retrograde autologous priming (RAP), hemodilution, cardiopulmonary bypassCPB) DOI: 10.7176/ALST/81-04 Publication date: August 31 st 2020
{"title":"Retrograde autologous priming RAP reduces deep hemodilution during cardiopulmonary bypass CPB","authors":"S. Kuçi, A. Ibrahimi, A. Kaçani, E. Likaj, A. Veshti, S. Dumani, K. Krakulli, A. Refatllari, E. Prifti","doi":"10.7176/alst/81-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/alst/81-04","url":null,"abstract":"Immediate hemodilution and rapid decrease in osmotic pressure at the time of CBP onset are associated with the aforementioned organic dysfunctions. Decreased osmotic pressure increases effective filtration pressure and microvascular filtration. Consequently, an increase in pulmonary interstitial fluid and myocardial edema is observed after discontinuation of CBP. Retrograde autologous priming (RAP) is a means to effectively and safely restrict the hemodilution caused by the direct homologous blood transfusion and reduce the blood transfusion requirements during cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods The study included 40 patients scheduled to undergo coronary surgical revascularization, divided into two groups: the RAP group and the non-RAP group. The average age in both groups is 55 years (SD 5). Conclusion A significant benefit was observed between the two groups in the study regarding the amount of transfused blood (1.55 -SD 0.88) / (2.15 -SD 0.81). This is a very important fact in favor of using the RAP technique, taking into account the reduction of the risk for complications carried by heterologous transfusion. Also, a significant reduction in the use of donated blood at a time when the problems of blood insufficiency in the collection centers are known, is equally important. The hospitalization (days of staying) in the ICU is also significantly lower in the RAP group (2.6 -SD 0.68) / (3.1-SD 0.64). This should be related to the faster activation of RAP in patients as a result of faster return to normal weight (with less fluid load), better ventilator function, and faster decline of cerebral edema. Keywords : Retrograde autologous priming (RAP), hemodilution, cardiopulmonary bypassCPB) DOI: 10.7176/ALST/81-04 Publication date: August 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":137891,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Life Science and Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134485076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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