Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.26.22269828
R. Chauhan, V. Trivedi, R. Rani, U. Singh
Background: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer in the world with a high mortality rate. Surgery radiation and chemotherapy have been tried in various combinations to improve on the survival rates. Our study provides real world data from a South Asian country on patterns of treatment and outcome in patients with unresectable or inoperable esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of all consecutive esophageal cancer patients with medically inoperable or unresectable disease and treated with conformal radical radiotherapy at a tertiary cancer center from January 2016 to December 2017. Data regarding patients age histology location pretreatment imaging disease stage treatment details compliance and response to treatment and status at last followup were retrieved from their file. Continuous and categorical variables were summarized by descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 100 esophageal cancer patients with a mean age of 60.24 years were included in the study. 60% of the patients were male and upper onethird was the most common site involved. Squamous cell carcinoma was reported in 83% of the patients. About 70% of the patients had a T3/T4 disease and 44% also had nodal metastasis. The radiation dose ranged from 45Gy 63Gy (median = 59.4Gy). Further 15% and 54% of the patients received neoadjuvant and concurrent chemotherapy respectively. Radiation compliance was seen in 90% of the patients. With a median follow-up of 7 months (range 3 58 months) 80% of the patients were alive with 32.22% having no evidence of disease. Distant metastases and loco regional failure was seen in 32.22% and 28% of the patients respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that esophageal cancer is more common in elderly males. Adherence to a uniform treatment protocol using concurrent chemo radiation is difficult in clinical practice especially in resource constrained set up. Both distant metastases and loco regional failure continues to be a matter of concern. Further improvement in local control must be evaluated by either radiation dose escalation or novel combinations with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in large multi centric trial settings.
{"title":"Patterns of treatment and outcome in patients with unresectable or inoperable esophageal cancer: A real world data","authors":"R. Chauhan, V. Trivedi, R. Rani, U. Singh","doi":"10.1101/2022.01.26.22269828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.26.22269828","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer in the world with a high mortality rate. Surgery radiation and chemotherapy have been tried in various combinations to improve on the survival rates. Our study provides real world data from a South Asian country on patterns of treatment and outcome in patients with unresectable or inoperable esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of all consecutive esophageal cancer patients with medically inoperable or unresectable disease and treated with conformal radical radiotherapy at a tertiary cancer center from January 2016 to December 2017. Data regarding patients age histology location pretreatment imaging disease stage treatment details compliance and response to treatment and status at last followup were retrieved from their file. Continuous and categorical variables were summarized by descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 100 esophageal cancer patients with a mean age of 60.24 years were included in the study. 60% of the patients were male and upper onethird was the most common site involved. Squamous cell carcinoma was reported in 83% of the patients. About 70% of the patients had a T3/T4 disease and 44% also had nodal metastasis. The radiation dose ranged from 45Gy 63Gy (median = 59.4Gy). Further 15% and 54% of the patients received neoadjuvant and concurrent chemotherapy respectively. Radiation compliance was seen in 90% of the patients. With a median follow-up of 7 months (range 3 58 months) 80% of the patients were alive with 32.22% having no evidence of disease. Distant metastases and loco regional failure was seen in 32.22% and 28% of the patients respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that esophageal cancer is more common in elderly males. Adherence to a uniform treatment protocol using concurrent chemo radiation is difficult in clinical practice especially in resource constrained set up. Both distant metastases and loco regional failure continues to be a matter of concern. Further improvement in local control must be evaluated by either radiation dose escalation or novel combinations with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in large multi centric trial settings.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88145887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-19DOI: 10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.03
S. Niang, Fatimata Binetou Rassoul Mbaye, Maimouna Fafa Cisse, Justin Eca, K. Thiam, El Hadji Mamadou Ndiaye, A. Diop Dia, Y. Dia Kane, A. Diatta, N. O. Toure Badiane
Pleural mesothelioma is a malignant tumor, which develops from the pleural mesothelial lining. We report a clinical observation of a 24-year-old young man who presented with a right serohematic pleurisy and ulcerative budding skin lesion of the right abdominal wall. Through this case, we highlight a very rare, atypical metastatic localization that can be clinically confused with a primary skin tumor.
{"title":"Ulcerative Budding Skin Tumor Revealing Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma","authors":"S. Niang, Fatimata Binetou Rassoul Mbaye, Maimouna Fafa Cisse, Justin Eca, K. Thiam, El Hadji Mamadou Ndiaye, A. Diop Dia, Y. Dia Kane, A. Diatta, N. O. Toure Badiane","doi":"10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Pleural mesothelioma is a malignant tumor, which develops from the pleural mesothelial lining. We report a clinical observation of a 24-year-old young man who presented with a right serohematic pleurisy and ulcerative budding skin lesion of the right abdominal wall. Through this case, we highlight a very rare, atypical metastatic localization that can be clinically confused with a primary skin tumor.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83004921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.02
Kalliopi Megari
Background and Objective: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) involves decline in several cognitive domains after surgery and is particularly common after cardiac surgery. Given the potential effects of such cognitive dysfunction on quality of life, it is important to study it in multiple populations in order to limit its occurrence. Recent advances in surgical technology may assist in achieving this goal. Methods: We present the long-term neuropsychological outcome of two elderly patients, one of whom had off pump heart surgery and the other oncological surgery. We administered a series of neuropsychological tests assessing attention, complex scanning, verbal working memory, executive functioning, short-term and long-term memory, and visuospatial perception before surgery, prior to discharge, at 3-month follow-up and 6 years after surgery. We compared the performance of these two patients to normative datasets. Results: Despite equivalent levels of pre-surgery performance between the two patients, the oncology patient exceeded his preoperative neurocognitive levels, suggesting less postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the heart patient overall, on all neuropsychological domains at 6-year follow-up, except short-term retention. In contrast, the heart patient showed no improvement, and, instead, showed some cognitive decline which remained consistent over time. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the critical role of the type of surgery utilized in the development of POCD and have implications for clinical management and patients’ quality of life in the very long term.
{"title":"Case Studies of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients","authors":"Kalliopi Megari","doi":"10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) involves decline in several cognitive domains after surgery and is particularly common after cardiac surgery. Given the potential effects of such cognitive dysfunction on quality of life, it is important to study it in multiple populations in order to limit its occurrence. Recent advances in surgical technology may assist in achieving this goal.\u0000Methods: We present the long-term neuropsychological outcome of two elderly patients, one of whom had off pump heart surgery and the other oncological surgery. We administered a series of neuropsychological tests assessing attention, complex scanning, verbal working memory, executive functioning, short-term and long-term memory, and visuospatial perception before surgery, prior to discharge, at 3-month follow-up and 6 years after surgery. We compared the performance of these two patients to normative datasets.\u0000Results: Despite equivalent levels of pre-surgery performance between the two patients, the oncology patient exceeded his preoperative neurocognitive levels, suggesting less postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the heart patient overall, on all neuropsychological domains at 6-year follow-up, except short-term retention. In contrast, the heart patient showed no improvement, and, instead, showed some cognitive decline which remained consistent over time.\u0000Conclusion: Our findings highlight the critical role of the type of surgery utilized in the development of POCD and have implications for clinical management and patients’ quality of life in the very long term.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82870583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.04
Litty Joseph, Lakshmi Ps
Background and Aim: Cancer is a disease of complex aetiology and is characterised by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It is a major worldwide health problem. Many natural and synthetic chalcone or their derivatives showed anticancer activities. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anticancer activity of novel chalcone derivatives and also to establish possible mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: A series of chalcones 3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (2a); 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (2b); 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (2c); 1-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-3-(3-phenoxy-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (2d); 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one(2e) were evaluated for the cytotoxic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo antitumor activity of these compounds was estimated on Daltons Ascites Lymphoma induced solid tumor model. The effect of promising compound was further analysed by flow cytometer and RT- PCR analysis. Results and Conclusion: 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one and 1-(4- chlorophenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one was showed in vitro cytotoxic activity, DNA damage and antiproliferative activity. DLA induced solid tumor model suggested that 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3- phenoxy phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one significantly reduced the tumor volume, increase the percentage tumor inhibition and reverse the haematological parameters. Flow cytometry analysis concluded that the compound induces cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase due to the over expression of p21. 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3- phenoxy phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one may be a potential agent for cancer treatment.
{"title":"1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one: A Diphenyl Chalcone Derivative with Potent Antitumor Activity Via Up-Regulation of p21 Gene","authors":"Litty Joseph, Lakshmi Ps","doi":"10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Cancer is a disease of complex aetiology and is characterised by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It is a major worldwide health problem. Many natural and synthetic chalcone or their derivatives showed anticancer activities. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anticancer activity of novel chalcone derivatives and also to establish possible mechanism of action.\u0000Materials and Methods: A series of chalcones 3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (2a); 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (2b); 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (2c); 1-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-3-(3-phenoxy-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (2d); 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one(2e) were evaluated for the cytotoxic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo antitumor activity of these compounds was estimated on Daltons Ascites Lymphoma induced solid tumor model. The effect of promising compound was further analysed by flow cytometer and RT- PCR analysis.\u0000Results and Conclusion: 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one and 1-(4- chlorophenyl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one was showed in vitro cytotoxic activity, DNA damage and antiproliferative activity. DLA induced solid tumor model suggested that 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3- phenoxy phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one significantly reduced the tumor volume, increase the percentage tumor inhibition and reverse the haematological parameters. Flow cytometry analysis concluded that the compound induces cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase due to the over expression of p21. 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3- phenoxy phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one may be a potential agent for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81353209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.02
S. Busquets, Marta-Inés Castillejo, Queralt Jové, Alina Noguera, F. López‐Soriano, J. M. Argiles
Background: Accelerated muscle and adipose tissue loss are two of the main aspects of cancer cachexia. β2-agonists seem to be successful in the treatment of cachexia in experimental animals. The aim if the present investigation was to study the effects on body weight loss in tumor-bearing animals of a combination of formoterol and AR-42, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Methods: Rats were divided into two groups, namely controls (C) and tumor-bearing (T). TB group was further divided into four subgroups: untreated (saline as a vehicle), treated with Formoterol (F) (0,3 mg/kg body weight in saline, subcutaneous (s.c.), daily), treated with AR-42 (A) (20 mg/kg body weight in olive oil, intragastric (i.g.), only the last 4 days). and double-treated treated (TFA) with Formoterol (0,3 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous (s.c.), daily) and AR-42 (20 mg/kg body weight in olive oil, intragastric (i.g.), only the last 4 days). 7 days after tumor transplantation, muscle weights, grip force and total physical activity were determined in all experimental groups. Results: The presence of the Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma induced severe muscle wasting in rats. Treatment of the tumor-bearing animals with the beta2-agonist formoterol (0,3 mg/kg), resulted in a significant improvement in the cachectic state of the animals. Treatment of the tumor-bearing animals with AR42 did not result in any effects on muscle wasting in the cachectic rats. Furthermore, the combination of formoterol and AR42 showed no additional effects to those observed with just formoterol. Conclusion: The results presented question the previously described effects of AR42 on cancer cachexia, probably due to its effect on tumor growth.
{"title":"A Combination of Formoterol and the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AR42 has No Effects on Muscle Mass in Tumor-Bearing Rats","authors":"S. Busquets, Marta-Inés Castillejo, Queralt Jové, Alina Noguera, F. López‐Soriano, J. M. Argiles","doi":"10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Accelerated muscle and adipose tissue loss are two of the main aspects of cancer cachexia. β2-agonists seem to be successful in the treatment of cachexia in experimental animals. The aim if the present investigation was to study the effects on body weight loss in tumor-bearing animals of a combination of formoterol and AR-42, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC).\u0000Methods: Rats were divided into two groups, namely controls (C) and tumor-bearing (T). TB group was further divided into four subgroups: untreated (saline as a vehicle), treated with Formoterol (F) (0,3 mg/kg body weight in saline, subcutaneous (s.c.), daily), treated with AR-42 (A) (20 mg/kg body weight in olive oil, intragastric (i.g.), only the last 4 days). and double-treated treated (TFA) with Formoterol (0,3 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous (s.c.), daily) and AR-42 (20 mg/kg body weight in olive oil, intragastric (i.g.), only the last 4 days). 7 days after tumor transplantation, muscle weights, grip force and total physical activity were determined in all experimental groups.\u0000Results: The presence of the Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma induced severe muscle wasting in rats. Treatment of the tumor-bearing animals with the beta2-agonist formoterol (0,3 mg/kg), resulted in a significant improvement in the cachectic state of the animals. Treatment of the tumor-bearing animals with AR42 did not result in any effects on muscle wasting in the cachectic rats. Furthermore, the combination of formoterol and AR42 showed no additional effects to those observed with just formoterol.\u0000Conclusion: The results presented question the previously described effects of AR42 on cancer cachexia, probably due to its effect on tumor growth.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91374748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.03
L. A. Buexm, Danielli Aparecida de Souza Silva, Bruna Areas Ribeiro, Rayane Figueiredo Silva Moreira Carvalho, Julia Moraes Ferreira, Marina S. Teixeira, Alessandra Oliveira Ferrari Gomes, Frederico P. Barbosa
Cancer is a major worldwide health problem, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality to population. In global scale, nervous system cancers represent around 1.8% of all malignant tumors in the planet. From 2020 to 2022, it’s estimated around 11.090 new cases of this type of cancer in Brazil. This study aims to raise epidemiological data on central nervous system tumors admitted to the oncology department of a reference hospital in the North Fluminense region in Brazil. Forty-four patients were included in this study, who were predominant males (56.8%), aged between 41 to 60 years old (47.7%), with tumors located primarily in the brain (65.9%) and histopathologically classified as glioblastomas (38.6%). Patients had no family history of cancer (64.3%), were non-smokers (68.2%), non-alcoholics (70%), undergoing primary surgical treatment (34.1%), who did not undergo adjuvant treatment (84.1%) and who died from the disease (66.7%). Glioblastoma was the most incident malignant neoplasm, followed by astrocytoma for both sexes, corroborating with literature data. In summary, this work contributes to a better understanding of these tumors, focusing on their prevention, early diagnosis and treatment.
{"title":"Epidemiological Survey of Central Nervous System Tumors Admitted in a Reference Hospital in the North Fluminense Region in Brazil","authors":"L. A. Buexm, Danielli Aparecida de Souza Silva, Bruna Areas Ribeiro, Rayane Figueiredo Silva Moreira Carvalho, Julia Moraes Ferreira, Marina S. Teixeira, Alessandra Oliveira Ferrari Gomes, Frederico P. Barbosa","doi":"10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a major worldwide health problem, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality to population. In global scale, nervous system cancers represent around 1.8% of all malignant tumors in the planet. From 2020 to 2022, it’s estimated around 11.090 new cases of this type of cancer in Brazil. This study aims to raise epidemiological data on central nervous system tumors admitted to the oncology department of a reference hospital in the North Fluminense region in Brazil. Forty-four patients were included in this study, who were predominant males (56.8%), aged between 41 to 60 years old (47.7%), with tumors located primarily in the brain (65.9%) and histopathologically classified as glioblastomas (38.6%). Patients had no family history of cancer (64.3%), were non-smokers (68.2%), non-alcoholics (70%), undergoing primary surgical treatment (34.1%), who did not undergo adjuvant treatment (84.1%) and who died from the disease (66.7%). Glioblastoma was the most incident malignant neoplasm, followed by astrocytoma for both sexes, corroborating with literature data. In summary, this work contributes to a better understanding of these tumors, focusing on their prevention, early diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76063528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.01
Dimitra Charatsi, P. Vanakara, M. Nikolaou, Aikaterini Evaggelopoulou, D. Korfias, F. Simopoulou, N. Charalampakis, D. Schizas, A. Daponte, G. Kyrgias, M. Tolia
Background: Since continuing advances in radiotherapy technology broaden the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of gynaecologic malignancies, the use of vaginal dilators has been introduced in order to mitigate the risk of vaginal stenosis. The main aims of this study were to investigate the vaginal dilator use efficacy in the treatment of radiation-induced vaginal stenosis and the vaginal dilator effect on sexual quality of life. Methods: We studied fifty-three patients with endometrial or cervical cancer. The participants were treated with radical or adjuvant external beam radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy. They were routinely examined at four time points post-radiotherapy when also they were asked to fill in a validated sexual function-vaginal changes questionnaire. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The vaginal stenosis grading score was decreased and the size of the vaginal dilator comfortably insertable was gradually increased throughout the year of vaginal dilator use while radiation-induced vaginal and sexual symptoms were improved throughout the year of VD use. All patients with initial grade 3 showed vaginal stenosis of grade 2 after 12 months of vaginal dilator use and 65.8% of the patients with grade 2 initial vaginal stenosis demonstrated final vaginal stenosis grade 1 while 77.8% of the participants with initial 1st size of vaginal dilators reached the 3rd vaginal dilator size after 12 months. Starting time of dilator therapy <= 3 months after the end of radiotherapy was associated with a significant decrease in vaginal stenosis. Additionally, there was an overall upward trend regarding patients’ satisfaction with their sexual life. Conclusion: Endometrial and cervical cancer survivors should be encouraged to use vaginal dilators for the treatment of vaginal stenosis and sexual rehabilitation after radiotherapy.
{"title":"Vaginal Dilator Use to Promote Sexual Wellbeing After Radiotherapy in Gynaecological Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"Dimitra Charatsi, P. Vanakara, M. Nikolaou, Aikaterini Evaggelopoulou, D. Korfias, F. Simopoulou, N. Charalampakis, D. Schizas, A. Daponte, G. Kyrgias, M. Tolia","doi":"10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since continuing advances in radiotherapy technology broaden the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of gynaecologic malignancies, the use of vaginal dilators has been introduced in order to mitigate the risk of vaginal stenosis. The main aims of this study were to investigate the vaginal dilator use efficacy in the treatment of radiation-induced vaginal stenosis and the vaginal dilator effect on sexual quality of life. \u0000Methods: We studied fifty-three patients with endometrial or cervical cancer. The participants were treated with radical or adjuvant external beam radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy. They were routinely examined at four time points post-radiotherapy when also they were asked to fill in a validated sexual function-vaginal changes questionnaire. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u0000Results: The vaginal stenosis grading score was decreased and the size of the vaginal dilator comfortably insertable was gradually increased throughout the year of vaginal dilator use while radiation-induced vaginal and sexual symptoms were improved throughout the year of VD use. All patients with initial grade 3 showed vaginal stenosis of grade 2 after 12 months of vaginal dilator use and 65.8% of the patients with grade 2 initial vaginal stenosis demonstrated final vaginal stenosis grade 1 while 77.8% of the participants with initial 1st size of vaginal dilators reached the 3rd vaginal dilator size after 12 months. Starting time of dilator therapy <= 3 months after the end of radiotherapy was associated with a significant decrease in vaginal stenosis. Additionally, there was an overall upward trend regarding patients’ satisfaction with their sexual life.\u0000Conclusion: Endometrial and cervical cancer survivors should be encouraged to use vaginal dilators for the treatment of vaginal stenosis and sexual rehabilitation after radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79635111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.05
P. Shokrani, M. Heidari
Gliomas are the most common type of primary central nervous system malignancies with poor prognosis in adults. There are several challenges in developing a treatment protocol for this malignancy including presence of blood-brain barrier that inhibit drug delivery to brain tissue, drug and radiation resistance of tumor cells, and inter and intra-tumor heterogeneity of glioma. In addition, early treatment assessment is difficult for glioma patients because of phenomenon of pseudo-progression. Due to the challenges involved in treatment and monitoring of treatment response for glioma, it is very helpful to identify specific and non-invasive molecular and imaging markers in order to provide useful prognostic information. The aim of this article is to summarize several potential biological and imaging markers regarding malignant glioma. A brief description of the proteins involved in the glioma signaling pathways is provided in order to introduce potential biological markers. Furthermore, the role of imaging techniques in treatment management is discussed. Finally, correlation between tumor characteristics and values of angiogenesis and physiological factors measured in perfusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques as well as metabolites in MRS, and PET tracer’s uptake is investigated.
{"title":"Potential Biomarkers in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Prediction of Treatment Response in Malignant Glioma","authors":"P. Shokrani, M. Heidari","doi":"10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Gliomas are the most common type of primary central nervous system malignancies with poor prognosis in adults. There are several challenges in developing a treatment protocol for this malignancy including presence of blood-brain barrier that inhibit drug delivery to brain tissue, drug and radiation resistance of tumor cells, and inter and intra-tumor heterogeneity of glioma. In addition, early treatment assessment is difficult for glioma patients because of phenomenon of pseudo-progression. Due to the challenges involved in treatment and monitoring of treatment response for glioma, it is very helpful to identify specific and non-invasive molecular and imaging markers in order to provide useful prognostic information. The aim of this article is to summarize several potential biological and imaging markers regarding malignant glioma. A brief description of the proteins involved in the glioma signaling pathways is provided in order to introduce potential biological markers. Furthermore, the role of imaging techniques in treatment management is discussed. Finally, correlation between tumor characteristics and values of angiogenesis and physiological factors measured in perfusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques as well as metabolites in MRS, and PET tracer’s uptake is investigated.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73250861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.01
C. Ribeiro, M. De Marchi, Erick E. Moggio, F. Filipak Neto, P. E. Brito, Benisio F. Silva Filho
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may alter tumor cells phenotype, possibly increasing malignancy, but there is a lack of studies investigating the mechanisms by which POPs may affect tumor cells. The ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter proteins are a widely studied component of drug resistance and tumor progression. We hypothesized that the levels of BDE-209 and TCDD detected in human serum can modulate the gene expression or activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in murine melanoma (B16-F1) cells. In this study, we observed an upregulation of the ABCB1 and ABCC4 (24 h) genes followed by an increased protein activity after BDE-209 15 day-exposure. We also observed that cells exposed to TCDD showed an upregulation of ABCB5, ABCC1 and ABCC4 genes (24 h) and change of protein activity after 15 days of exposure. These findings suggest that BDE-209 and TCDD can regulate the phenotype of B16-F1 cells by interfering with the expression and activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This investigation revealed that environmental pollutants might intervene and modify cells’ resistance to chemotherapy and cancer prognosis.
{"title":"BDE-209 and TCDD Modulate the Expression and Activity of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters in Murine Melanoma Cells (B16-F1)","authors":"C. Ribeiro, M. De Marchi, Erick E. Moggio, F. Filipak Neto, P. E. Brito, Benisio F. Silva Filho","doi":"10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may alter tumor cells phenotype, possibly increasing malignancy, but \u0000there is a lack of studies investigating the mechanisms by which POPs may affect tumor cells. The ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter proteins are a widely studied component of drug resistance and tumor \u0000progression. We hypothesized that the levels of BDE-209 and TCDD detected in human serum can modulate \u0000the gene expression or activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in murine melanoma (B16-F1) \u0000cells. In this study, we observed an upregulation of the ABCB1 and ABCC4 (24 h) genes followed by an \u0000increased protein activity after BDE-209 15 day-exposure. We also observed that cells exposed to TCDD \u0000showed an upregulation of ABCB5, ABCC1 and ABCC4 genes (24 h) and change of protein activity after 15 \u0000days of exposure. These findings suggest that BDE-209 and TCDD can regulate the phenotype of B16-F1 \u0000cells by interfering with the expression and activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This\u0000investigation revealed that environmental pollutants might intervene and modify cells’ resistance to \u0000chemotherapy and cancer prognosis.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78781596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-04DOI: 10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.01.03
Ajda Coker-Gurkan, Burcu Ayhan-Sahin
Background: Cycline-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi); roscovitine and purvalanol, are promising anti-cancer drugs due to their strong anti-proliferative effectiveness due to activation of PA catabolism. Besides transforming acetylated spermine and spermidine into spermidine and putrescine, respectively, polyamine oxidase (PAO) also generates hydrogen peroxide in high concentrations as a by-product. PAO was assumed as a pivotal key molecule during drug-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Our aim is to reveal the role of PAO action in CDKi-triggered apoptosis in Puma knock-out HCT116 colon cancer cells. Methods: HCT116 wt and HCT116 Puma-/- cells were treated with Roscovitine and Purvalanol and cell viability and apoptosis were determined. Protein was isolated from treated and untreated cells and key molecules of cell cycle control and polyamine pathways were investigated at translational level. Polyamine content was determined by HPLC for all conditions. MDL-72527 was used as a PAO inhibitor and apoptotic cell death was analysed. Results: Roscovitine and purvalanol induced apoptosis and increased the cytotoxic responses in HCT116 wt and HCT116 Puma-/- colon carcinoma cell lines by modulating CDK1, 4, cyclin-B1, D3. Both, CDKi altered intrinsic apoptotic pathways in HCT116 wt. Whereas, drug-induced apoptosis occurred caspase-independent in Puma-/- colon cancer cells. Roscovitine and purvalanol up-regulated polyamine catabolic enzymes, whereas CDK inhibitors decreased the polyamine levels in HCT116 wt and HCT116 Puma-/- colon cancer cells. In addition, PAO inhibitor MDL72527 prevented drug-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: PAO expression profile might be a critical target in CDK inhibitors-triggered apoptosis in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Thus, MAPK signaling pathway relations with cell cycle and polyamine catabolic pathway investigations are in progress.
{"title":"The Pivotal Role of PAO in CDK Inhibitors (Roscovitine and Purvalanol)- Triggered Apoptosis in PUMA Null HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells","authors":"Ajda Coker-Gurkan, Burcu Ayhan-Sahin","doi":"10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cycline-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi); roscovitine and purvalanol, are promising anti-cancer drugs due to their strong anti-proliferative effectiveness due to activation of PA catabolism. Besides \u0000transforming acetylated spermine and spermidine into spermidine and putrescine, respectively, polyamine \u0000oxidase (PAO) also generates hydrogen peroxide in high concentrations as a by-product. PAO was assumed \u0000as a pivotal key molecule during drug-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Our aim is to reveal the role of \u0000PAO action in CDKi-triggered apoptosis in Puma knock-out HCT116 colon cancer cells. \u0000Methods: HCT116 wt and HCT116 Puma-/-\u0000cells were treated with Roscovitine and Purvalanol and cell \u0000viability and apoptosis were determined. Protein was isolated from treated and untreated cells and key \u0000molecules of cell cycle control and polyamine pathways were investigated at translational level. Polyamine \u0000content was determined by HPLC for all conditions. MDL-72527 was used as a PAO inhibitor and apoptotic \u0000cell death was analysed. \u0000Results: Roscovitine and purvalanol induced apoptosis and increased the cytotoxic responses in HCT116 \u0000wt and HCT116 Puma-/-\u0000colon carcinoma cell lines by modulating CDK1, 4, cyclin-B1, D3. Both, CDKi \u0000altered intrinsic apoptotic pathways in HCT116 wt. Whereas, drug-induced apoptosis occurred caspase-independent in Puma-/-\u0000colon cancer cells. Roscovitine and purvalanol up-regulated polyamine catabolic \u0000enzymes, whereas CDK inhibitors decreased the polyamine levels in HCT116 wt and HCT116 Puma-/-\u0000colon \u0000cancer cells. In addition, PAO inhibitor MDL72527 prevented drug-induced apoptosis. \u0000Conclusion: PAO expression profile might be a critical target in CDK inhibitors-triggered apoptosis in \u0000HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Thus, MAPK signaling pathway relations with cell cycle and polyamine \u0000catabolic pathway investigations are in progress.","PeriodicalId":13867,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer Science and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79128613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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