Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626929
P. Franzese, Antonio Di Pasquale, D. Iannuzzi, M. Pagano
The number of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) available on the car market is continuously growing. The electrification of the mobility is definitely related to the diffusion of the charging infrastructures widely distributed on the territory. Indeed, PEV owners request for charging stations able to offer features adequate to the expectations. They are expected to be able to recharge vehicle’s on-board battery in a ten of minutes. In this paper, Ultra Fast Charging Stations (UFCSs) are investigated. The stations are discussed in terms of electric schemes and modalities of control. There is a focus on components, systems, state variable and security level. Moreover, the UFCS realized at the University of Naples Federico II is highlighted. The lab prototype is discussed in terms of configuration and rated values. The results of some numerical tests are carried out. They point out both the main features of the charging slots and the requirements of load emulators for UFCS.
{"title":"Electric Ultra Fast Charging Stations: a Real Case Study","authors":"P. Franzese, Antonio Di Pasquale, D. Iannuzzi, M. Pagano","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626929","url":null,"abstract":"The number of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) available on the car market is continuously growing. The electrification of the mobility is definitely related to the diffusion of the charging infrastructures widely distributed on the territory. Indeed, PEV owners request for charging stations able to offer features adequate to the expectations. They are expected to be able to recharge vehicle’s on-board battery in a ten of minutes. In this paper, Ultra Fast Charging Stations (UFCSs) are investigated. The stations are discussed in terms of electric schemes and modalities of control. There is a focus on components, systems, state variable and security level. Moreover, the UFCS realized at the University of Naples Federico II is highlighted. The lab prototype is discussed in terms of configuration and rated values. The results of some numerical tests are carried out. They point out both the main features of the charging slots and the requirements of load emulators for UFCS.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115355001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627053
A. Clerici, S. Furfari
The paper underlines the challenges for hydrogen developments with special reference to green hydrogen production and electrolyser behaviour. The present and future 2050 production, consumption, uses and costs are reported as based on the scenarios of international agencies. The Levelised Costs of Hydrogen (LCOH) computed for 2020, 2030 and 2050 by the authors are reported in representative graphs. Some considerations are given to the utilisation of existing methane transport infrastructure with partial blending with hydrogen or with 100% hydrogen. Some concepts on transport of hydrogen versus electricity are outlined
{"title":"Challenges for green hydrogen development","authors":"A. Clerici, S. Furfari","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627053","url":null,"abstract":"The paper underlines the challenges for hydrogen developments with special reference to green hydrogen production and electrolyser behaviour. The present and future 2050 production, consumption, uses and costs are reported as based on the scenarios of international agencies. The Levelised Costs of Hydrogen (LCOH) computed for 2020, 2030 and 2050 by the authors are reported in representative graphs. Some considerations are given to the utilisation of existing methane transport infrastructure with partial blending with hydrogen or with 100% hydrogen. Some concepts on transport of hydrogen versus electricity are outlined","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126977859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627036
A. Bracale, G. Casolino, P. De Falco, G. Lisciandrello
The paper presents some of the activities of a research project on the benefits of FACTS on inter-area Power Oscillation Damping (POD). The project has involved a group of researchers from the Italian Interuniversity Consortium "Energy and Power Systems" (EnSiEL) and Terna S.p.A., the Italian transmission system operator. The paper analyses the installations of STATCOM devices in a test network and quantifies the obtainable improvements in terms of inter-area POD due to the occurrence of different contingencies. Two different types of STATCOM with variable sizes and two different control strategies for each of these types are compared through a proper definition of indices aiming at evaluating the quality of power supply. The paper shows the comparison among these different devices in terms of POD through appropriate indicators.
{"title":"Comparison of Advanced STATCOM Controls for Power Oscillation Damping","authors":"A. Bracale, G. Casolino, P. De Falco, G. Lisciandrello","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627036","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents some of the activities of a research project on the benefits of FACTS on inter-area Power Oscillation Damping (POD). The project has involved a group of researchers from the Italian Interuniversity Consortium \"Energy and Power Systems\" (EnSiEL) and Terna S.p.A., the Italian transmission system operator. The paper analyses the installations of STATCOM devices in a test network and quantifies the obtainable improvements in terms of inter-area POD due to the occurrence of different contingencies. Two different types of STATCOM with variable sizes and two different control strategies for each of these types are compared through a proper definition of indices aiming at evaluating the quality of power supply. The paper shows the comparison among these different devices in terms of POD through appropriate indicators.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129297905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627022
M. Caliano, G. Graditi, A. Pontecorvo, M. Valenti
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems have shown a high potential for integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into energy systems by assisting with electrification of thermal loads. The aim of this paper is to develop a tool for the simulation and optimal design of a TES-based electricity storage of electricity produced by a photovoltaic system for nanogrid applications. The tool adopts a multi-objective approach with a view to reducing the costs associated with the nanogrid and saving primary energy, while satisfying the end-user multi-energy demand. The simulation/optimization tool is developed by coupling TRNSYS and Matlab softwares with the aim to find the design and operation strategies solutions on the Pareto frontier, and the problem is solved by using genetic algorithms. In the numerical test case, a single-family house of 200 m2 located in Italy is considered as residential end-user, and the winter and summer scenarios are considered for simulations. Results show the functionality of the tool in simulating and optimizing more or less complex energy systems and its effectiveness for providing good balancing solutions for end-users based on economic and energetic priorities.
{"title":"Design optimization of a thermal-storage-based electricity storage for nanogrid applications","authors":"M. Caliano, G. Graditi, A. Pontecorvo, M. Valenti","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627022","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems have shown a high potential for integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into energy systems by assisting with electrification of thermal loads. The aim of this paper is to develop a tool for the simulation and optimal design of a TES-based electricity storage of electricity produced by a photovoltaic system for nanogrid applications. The tool adopts a multi-objective approach with a view to reducing the costs associated with the nanogrid and saving primary energy, while satisfying the end-user multi-energy demand. The simulation/optimization tool is developed by coupling TRNSYS and Matlab softwares with the aim to find the design and operation strategies solutions on the Pareto frontier, and the problem is solved by using genetic algorithms. In the numerical test case, a single-family house of 200 m2 located in Italy is considered as residential end-user, and the winter and summer scenarios are considered for simulations. Results show the functionality of the tool in simulating and optimizing more or less complex energy systems and its effectiveness for providing good balancing solutions for end-users based on economic and energetic priorities.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131374688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626962
M. Diaferio, D. Foti, Armando La Scala, M. Sabbà
The Adriatico cable-stayed bridge in Bari, a 626-m long cable stayed bridge, was opened for traffic in 2016. It was built due to the necessity to overpass the railway of RFI and Ferrotramviaria s.p.a. The two central cable-stayed bays have a total length of 225 m. They are supported by 30 cables connected to a central upside-down Y-shaped pylon which is rotated of about 30° with respect to the axis of the bridge deck. The bridge was dynamically tested in 2016 before its opening. After almost five years it was required to test again the bridge for maintenance purposes. To this aim tests similar to the previous ones have been performed with the addition of dynamic tests on the pylon to get more information on its behaviour. A total number of 30 piezoelectric accelerometers have been utilized in different positions of the cables-stayed bays and the pylon to record the accelerations produced by environmental forces and by the impact of a loaded truck of about 32 tons passing over bumpers on the deck. The present paper describes the test program and the set-up for both the deck and the pylon, and the instrumentation utilized for the dynamic tests. The first records obtained during the experimental campaign are provided too.
{"title":"Design of the Set-Up for Ambient Vibration and Dynamic forced Tests on a Cable-Stayed Bridge","authors":"M. Diaferio, D. Foti, Armando La Scala, M. Sabbà","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626962","url":null,"abstract":"The Adriatico cable-stayed bridge in Bari, a 626-m long cable stayed bridge, was opened for traffic in 2016. It was built due to the necessity to overpass the railway of RFI and Ferrotramviaria s.p.a. The two central cable-stayed bays have a total length of 225 m. They are supported by 30 cables connected to a central upside-down Y-shaped pylon which is rotated of about 30° with respect to the axis of the bridge deck. The bridge was dynamically tested in 2016 before its opening. After almost five years it was required to test again the bridge for maintenance purposes. To this aim tests similar to the previous ones have been performed with the addition of dynamic tests on the pylon to get more information on its behaviour. A total number of 30 piezoelectric accelerometers have been utilized in different positions of the cables-stayed bays and the pylon to record the accelerations produced by environmental forces and by the impact of a loaded truck of about 32 tons passing over bumpers on the deck. The present paper describes the test program and the set-up for both the deck and the pylon, and the instrumentation utilized for the dynamic tests. The first records obtained during the experimental campaign are provided too.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"339 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132337142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626936
S. Musumeci, C. Ragusa, M. Palma, L. Solimene
In the paper, a half-bridge GaN FETs-based converter for a LED driver circuit is investigated. The reduced size of the GaN devices allows reaching high power density compared with the pure silicon devices. The main technology and electrical characteristics are recalled to demonstrate the advantageous features in the DC-DC applications such as of Synchronous Buck Converter. The dead time reduction, the parasitic capacitors, and stray inductances impact the switching operation is described. Furthermore, the control approach and the GaN FETs related issues are investigated. Finally, the switching evaluation of an SBC with an output power of 120W at 1MHz of switching frequency is carried out highlighting the thermal behavior.
{"title":"Low-Voltage GaN FET in High Power Density Half-Bridge LED Driver","authors":"S. Musumeci, C. Ragusa, M. Palma, L. Solimene","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626936","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, a half-bridge GaN FETs-based converter for a LED driver circuit is investigated. The reduced size of the GaN devices allows reaching high power density compared with the pure silicon devices. The main technology and electrical characteristics are recalled to demonstrate the advantageous features in the DC-DC applications such as of Synchronous Buck Converter. The dead time reduction, the parasitic capacitors, and stray inductances impact the switching operation is described. Furthermore, the control approach and the GaN FETs related issues are investigated. Finally, the switching evaluation of an SBC with an output power of 120W at 1MHz of switching frequency is carried out highlighting the thermal behavior.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130176379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627052
G. Rutigliano, S. Betti, P. Perrone, C. Lodovisi
In this work we show how some limits of quantum optical security that confine its use to the exchange of keys can be overcome by using other physical information protection techniques that, not pushing the limits of quantum physics, allow to better exploit the transmission capacity of the optical channel. These new techniques can therefore be used for symmetric cryptography carried out at the physical layer and alongside the QKD to achieve complete information protection at the optical layer.
{"title":"Total Optical Layer Information Security","authors":"G. Rutigliano, S. Betti, P. Perrone, C. Lodovisi","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627052","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we show how some limits of quantum optical security that confine its use to the exchange of keys can be overcome by using other physical information protection techniques that, not pushing the limits of quantum physics, allow to better exploit the transmission capacity of the optical channel. These new techniques can therefore be used for symmetric cryptography carried out at the physical layer and alongside the QKD to achieve complete information protection at the optical layer.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133023702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627054
Maria Carmen Falvo, F. Quaglia, L. Luzi, Sara Perfetti, Enrico Maria Carlini, M. Caprabianca
In most of the European countries reserve (e.g. balancing capacity) is procured in advance to the day-ahead market. At the opposite, in Italy, reserve is procured in the spot ancillary service market which held after the day-ahead market. This paper presents an assessment of the potential impacts of procuring reserve in advance to the day-ahead market, in the framework of the Italian electricity market. The aim of this approach is to anticipate potential scarcity conditions in order to ensure secure operation. This goal can be achieved by making price signals, raising from the day-ahead market, comparable with other countries. The paper describes the characteristics of the possible new reserve procurement model and its impact, in terms of outcomes and costs, of both the energy and ancillary services markets in Italy. Different scenarios are identified in order to find the optimal solutions to improve the reserve procurement process so as to ensure coherent price signals in case of scarcity conditions, without increasing system costs.
{"title":"Assessment of alternative reserve procurement strategies for the Italian Power System","authors":"Maria Carmen Falvo, F. Quaglia, L. Luzi, Sara Perfetti, Enrico Maria Carlini, M. Caprabianca","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627054","url":null,"abstract":"In most of the European countries reserve (e.g. balancing capacity) is procured in advance to the day-ahead market. At the opposite, in Italy, reserve is procured in the spot ancillary service market which held after the day-ahead market. This paper presents an assessment of the potential impacts of procuring reserve in advance to the day-ahead market, in the framework of the Italian electricity market. The aim of this approach is to anticipate potential scarcity conditions in order to ensure secure operation. This goal can be achieved by making price signals, raising from the day-ahead market, comparable with other countries. The paper describes the characteristics of the possible new reserve procurement model and its impact, in terms of outcomes and costs, of both the energy and ancillary services markets in Italy. Different scenarios are identified in order to find the optimal solutions to improve the reserve procurement process so as to ensure coherent price signals in case of scarcity conditions, without increasing system costs.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122028275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626989
L. Di Stasio, P. Verde, P. Varilone, M. De Santis, C. Noce
The forecast of the occurrence of voltage sags at the sites of a system is nowadays feasible thanks to the availability of huge quantity of recorded data. To forecast future performance from the statistical analysis of recorded sags, the stochastic modelling of the voltage sags is required since the events are not statistically time independent. The presence of groups of sags, named clusters, brings the phenomenon far from the conditions of Poisson model. This paper proposes the Gamma distribution to model the sags, which also include the clusters. Different techniques for assessing the parameters of the Gamma distribution are presented and applied to forecast the number of sags expected at selected sites in the year 2018, i.e., the year successive to those when the sags were measured. The outcomes of the forecast are compared with the sags effectively occurred in those sites in the year 2018, using different criteria for evaluating the forecast error. The results showed the viability of the approach and encourage further studies to improve the accuracy and extend the forecast to entire systems.
{"title":"Stochastic Model to Forecast the Voltage Sags in Real Power Systems","authors":"L. Di Stasio, P. Verde, P. Varilone, M. De Santis, C. Noce","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626989","url":null,"abstract":"The forecast of the occurrence of voltage sags at the sites of a system is nowadays feasible thanks to the availability of huge quantity of recorded data. To forecast future performance from the statistical analysis of recorded sags, the stochastic modelling of the voltage sags is required since the events are not statistically time independent. The presence of groups of sags, named clusters, brings the phenomenon far from the conditions of Poisson model. This paper proposes the Gamma distribution to model the sags, which also include the clusters. Different techniques for assessing the parameters of the Gamma distribution are presented and applied to forecast the number of sags expected at selected sites in the year 2018, i.e., the year successive to those when the sags were measured. The outcomes of the forecast are compared with the sags effectively occurred in those sites in the year 2018, using different criteria for evaluating the forecast error. The results showed the viability of the approach and encourage further studies to improve the accuracy and extend the forecast to entire systems.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128463259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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