Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626860
C. Bovo, V. Ilea, P. Colella, E. Bompard, G. Chicco, A. Mazza, A. Russo, E. Carlini, M. Caprabianca, F. Quaglia, L. Luzi
In this paper a model-based determination procedure of bidding zones is described. A DC optimal power flow model provides nodal indicators to specifically designed clustering algorithms. These algorithms identify model-based alternative bidding zone configurations, to be compared with the current one in the framework of a Bidding Zone Review process, in line with the requirements set in the European Commission Regulation 2015/1222 and Regulation 2019/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The nodal indicators are evaluated on a set of historical and significant operating scenarios of the Italian transmission network, carefully selected by the Italian Transmission System Operator. The results show the procedure capability to produce insightful results for supporting a bidding zone review process and its advantages with respect to simplified methodologies encountered in the literature.
{"title":"Model-based Determination of Bidding Zones: An Approach Based on Multiple Scenarios, Optimal Power Flow and Clustering Algorithms","authors":"C. Bovo, V. Ilea, P. Colella, E. Bompard, G. Chicco, A. Mazza, A. Russo, E. Carlini, M. Caprabianca, F. Quaglia, L. Luzi","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626860","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a model-based determination procedure of bidding zones is described. A DC optimal power flow model provides nodal indicators to specifically designed clustering algorithms. These algorithms identify model-based alternative bidding zone configurations, to be compared with the current one in the framework of a Bidding Zone Review process, in line with the requirements set in the European Commission Regulation 2015/1222 and Regulation 2019/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The nodal indicators are evaluated on a set of historical and significant operating scenarios of the Italian transmission network, carefully selected by the Italian Transmission System Operator. The results show the procedure capability to produce insightful results for supporting a bidding zone review process and its advantages with respect to simplified methodologies encountered in the literature.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114794814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626948
P. De Falco, F. Mottola, D. Proto
The optimal exploitation and management of electrical energy passes through the possibility to store energy. Battery energy storage systems offer new, important potentialities to optimally manage electrical energy and to exploit renewables in a microgrid. Sizing the battery energy storage systems is however a critical point, as their total costs are still expensive. Researchers have tackled this aspect in deterministic and probabilistic frameworks due to the many sources of randomness that influence the battery sizing. Probabilistic sizing is, in principle, computationally intensive, as it requires several scenarios to be run to individuate the size ranges left to the decision maker. This paper provides a methodology for sizing battery energy storage systems, considering the randomness of load profiles in distribution networks, where scenarios are considered based on clustered load profiles which make the sizing procedure less computationally intensive. Particularly, load profiles are clustered through a dedicated methodology based on k-means algorithm, aiming at reproducing groups of days that share similar features. The clustered load profiles are used as inputs of the sizing methodology. Numerical experiments based on actual data show the effectiveness of the proposal.
{"title":"Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems Driven by Clustered Load Profiles","authors":"P. De Falco, F. Mottola, D. Proto","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626948","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal exploitation and management of electrical energy passes through the possibility to store energy. Battery energy storage systems offer new, important potentialities to optimally manage electrical energy and to exploit renewables in a microgrid. Sizing the battery energy storage systems is however a critical point, as their total costs are still expensive. Researchers have tackled this aspect in deterministic and probabilistic frameworks due to the many sources of randomness that influence the battery sizing. Probabilistic sizing is, in principle, computationally intensive, as it requires several scenarios to be run to individuate the size ranges left to the decision maker. This paper provides a methodology for sizing battery energy storage systems, considering the randomness of load profiles in distribution networks, where scenarios are considered based on clustered load profiles which make the sizing procedure less computationally intensive. Particularly, load profiles are clustered through a dedicated methodology based on k-means algorithm, aiming at reproducing groups of days that share similar features. The clustered load profiles are used as inputs of the sizing methodology. Numerical experiments based on actual data show the effectiveness of the proposal.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131915236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626940
Gabriele Paludetto, E. Bionda, F. Soldan
The search for new approaches to better achieve digitalization and therefore favor the interoperability of electrical systems needs research projects involving simulations on real networks. For this reason it is necessary to be able to involve Distribution System Operators (DSOs) who could share, in whole or in part, a description of their networks that can be compared with those of other operators. Since different operators generally make use of different models to describe their networks, it becomes necessary to have a conversion tool to a common standard such as the IEC Common Information Model (CIM). This work presents a methodology for the conversion of real electricity networks from a non-IEC CIM model to IEC CIM developed and tested in the case of three grids of European operators.
{"title":"Real Case Study of Electrical Grid Conversion from Non-standard Data Models into IEC CIM","authors":"Gabriele Paludetto, E. Bionda, F. Soldan","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626940","url":null,"abstract":"The search for new approaches to better achieve digitalization and therefore favor the interoperability of electrical systems needs research projects involving simulations on real networks. For this reason it is necessary to be able to involve Distribution System Operators (DSOs) who could share, in whole or in part, a description of their networks that can be compared with those of other operators. Since different operators generally make use of different models to describe their networks, it becomes necessary to have a conversion tool to a common standard such as the IEC Common Information Model (CIM). This work presents a methodology for the conversion of real electricity networks from a non-IEC CIM model to IEC CIM developed and tested in the case of three grids of European operators.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132143484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626995
F. Conte, B. Gabriele, S. Massucco, F. Silvestro, D. Cirio, L. Croci
In this paper, a method to quantify the flexibility of aggregates of domestic heat-pump electric water heaters for the provision of system services is proposed. Flexibility is defined as the capability of the aggregate to modify its power demand for a given time interval. The method uses the dynamical model of the water heaters and a stochastic model of ambient and cold water temperatures and hot water demand, combined in a Monte Carlo analysis. The case of large aggregates defined throughout the Italian territory has been studied.
{"title":"Domestic Heat-Pump Water Heater Aggregates: a Contribution to Demand Flexibility","authors":"F. Conte, B. Gabriele, S. Massucco, F. Silvestro, D. Cirio, L. Croci","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626995","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a method to quantify the flexibility of aggregates of domestic heat-pump electric water heaters for the provision of system services is proposed. Flexibility is defined as the capability of the aggregate to modify its power demand for a given time interval. The method uses the dynamical model of the water heaters and a stochastic model of ambient and cold water temperatures and hot water demand, combined in a Monte Carlo analysis. The case of large aggregates defined throughout the Italian territory has been studied.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134147389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626924
S. Persia, Ludovico Ferranti, P. Salvo, Francesco D'Alterio, F. Matera, L. Rea, F. Lavacca
In this paper we show how a cooperation between ns3 and Mininet codes can be adopted for a complete end-to-end 5G simulation including network segments and protocols, with particular emphasis on radio access assuming different propagation regimes (below and above 6 GHz) and SDN procedures. We also show how to introduce FOG processing with a suitable traffic offloading scheme to better exploit the link capacity.
{"title":"Ns3 and Mininet Codes to Investigate Complete 5G Networks","authors":"S. Persia, Ludovico Ferranti, P. Salvo, Francesco D'Alterio, F. Matera, L. Rea, F. Lavacca","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626924","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we show how a cooperation between ns3 and Mininet codes can be adopted for a complete end-to-end 5G simulation including network segments and protocols, with particular emphasis on radio access assuming different propagation regimes (below and above 6 GHz) and SDN procedures. We also show how to introduce FOG processing with a suitable traffic offloading scheme to better exploit the link capacity.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125722238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626973
Andrea Alessia Tavagnutti, Tiziano Coletto, D. Bosich, G. Sulligoi
Newest Hardware In the Loop (HIL) platforms are revolutionizing the study of power systems. The old concept of simulation is overtaken by the HIL paradigm, where regulators and controlled system are emulated by digital electronics boards. In such a way, transients and physical interactions are more coherent to reality. As a matter of fact, the DC microgrid is a good scenario on which prove the HIL potentialities. Microgrids are based on a widespread use of power converters to enable the DC distribution. In this context, emulation tools become indispensable to investigate the possible destabilizing interactions between the multiple control loops. Among the different HILs, the virtualization is reaching an important position in the last years. The reasons of this trend are sought in the possibility of preliminarily and virtually provide the emulation results of a physical HIL. The paper wants to adopt the V-HIL virtual tool to focus on the first steps of the prototyping process. The tool capability in testing voltage controls and power management is verified for a DC shipboard microgrid. The V-HIL simulation results can validate the designed control before the implementation on physical HIL platforms, towards the live performance in real world.
{"title":"HIL Virtual Prototyping of a DC Shipboard Microgrid","authors":"Andrea Alessia Tavagnutti, Tiziano Coletto, D. Bosich, G. Sulligoi","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626973","url":null,"abstract":"Newest Hardware In the Loop (HIL) platforms are revolutionizing the study of power systems. The old concept of simulation is overtaken by the HIL paradigm, where regulators and controlled system are emulated by digital electronics boards. In such a way, transients and physical interactions are more coherent to reality. As a matter of fact, the DC microgrid is a good scenario on which prove the HIL potentialities. Microgrids are based on a widespread use of power converters to enable the DC distribution. In this context, emulation tools become indispensable to investigate the possible destabilizing interactions between the multiple control loops. Among the different HILs, the virtualization is reaching an important position in the last years. The reasons of this trend are sought in the possibility of preliminarily and virtually provide the emulation results of a physical HIL. The paper wants to adopt the V-HIL virtual tool to focus on the first steps of the prototyping process. The tool capability in testing voltage controls and power management is verified for a DC shipboard microgrid. The V-HIL simulation results can validate the designed control before the implementation on physical HIL platforms, towards the live performance in real world.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124842515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626852
G. Coletta, L. Pellegrino
Renewable Energy Communities are gaining a lot of interest in Italy, due to the forthcoming final implementation of RED II and IEM EU directives into the national regulation framework. The crucial point of renewable energy communities is the possibility to share the energy produced by the members of the scheme: this aspect will impact cash flows of the entire energy project, so affecting the optimal design of the renewable energy generation systems. In light of this, the paper presents a method to optimal design a collective energy project and shows the results of its application to a real world pilot project in a little village in northern Italy. Several case studies have been considered such that the results take into account the physical configuration of the community.
{"title":"Optimal Design of Energy Communities in the Italian Regulatory Framework","authors":"G. Coletta, L. Pellegrino","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9626852","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable Energy Communities are gaining a lot of interest in Italy, due to the forthcoming final implementation of RED II and IEM EU directives into the national regulation framework. The crucial point of renewable energy communities is the possibility to share the energy produced by the members of the scheme: this aspect will impact cash flows of the entire energy project, so affecting the optimal design of the renewable energy generation systems. In light of this, the paper presents a method to optimal design a collective energy project and shows the results of its application to a real world pilot project in a little village in northern Italy. Several case studies have been considered such that the results take into account the physical configuration of the community.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130248312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627043
Alessandro Bosisio, A. Berizzi, Daniele Lupis, A. Morotti, B. Greco, G. Iannarelli
This paper presents a methodology for distribution networks automation planning. The presented methodology identifies the optimal location of intelligent protection devices for improving network reliability. The approach also analyzed the available back-feeding for implementing an IEC 61850-based smart automation system logic. The back-feeding routes of each feeder are evaluated by comparing suitable performance indexes identifying the more appropriate one able to resupply the considered feeder for most of the potential faults. Of course, topological and electrical constraints have to be fulfilled, and therefore the simulations consider feeder and substation constraints. Thanks to the data given by the local system operator Unareti, the methodology has been tested on a real distribution network located in the South-West area of Milan.
{"title":"Network automation planning in distribution networks: a feeders coupling method to implement IEC 61850-based smart automation system logic","authors":"Alessandro Bosisio, A. Berizzi, Daniele Lupis, A. Morotti, B. Greco, G. Iannarelli","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627043","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for distribution networks automation planning. The presented methodology identifies the optimal location of intelligent protection devices for improving network reliability. The approach also analyzed the available back-feeding for implementing an IEC 61850-based smart automation system logic. The back-feeding routes of each feeder are evaluated by comparing suitable performance indexes identifying the more appropriate one able to resupply the considered feeder for most of the potential faults. Of course, topological and electrical constraints have to be fulfilled, and therefore the simulations consider feeder and substation constraints. Thanks to the data given by the local system operator Unareti, the methodology has been tested on a real distribution network located in the South-West area of Milan.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129862520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627059
Angelo Coppola, A. Petrillo, R. Rizzo, S. Santini
This work presents an ACC-like longitudinal controller for an autonomous electric vehicle, named Ego-Vehicle, based on a Deep Deterministic Reinforcement Learning algorithm. More specifically, the designed algorithm exploits the use of the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) agent and the reward function explicitly takes into account both the speed and position error of the Ego-Vehicle w.r.t. the preceding one. After properly training the DDPG agent, the control ACC-like strategy is validated considering a realistic driving cycle for the preceding vehicle. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the designed strategy.
{"title":"Adaptive Cruise Control for Autonomous Electric Vehicles based on Q-learning algorithm","authors":"Angelo Coppola, A. Petrillo, R. Rizzo, S. Santini","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627059","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an ACC-like longitudinal controller for an autonomous electric vehicle, named Ego-Vehicle, based on a Deep Deterministic Reinforcement Learning algorithm. More specifically, the designed algorithm exploits the use of the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) agent and the reward function explicitly takes into account both the speed and position error of the Ego-Vehicle w.r.t. the preceding one. After properly training the DDPG agent, the control ACC-like strategy is validated considering a realistic driving cycle for the preceding vehicle. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the designed strategy.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128940966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627004
Laura Sturaro, Giacomo Geroli, Carola Leone, M. Longo, F. Foiadelli, W. Yaici
In order to improve the current existing public transport service, this paper aims to design a new electric ski bus line operating from the cities of Santa Caterina and Livigno, in northern Italy. As a first attempt outside the urban context, the electrification study is developed on a restricted mountain area hence characterized by high slope and low external temperatures. The first step of this work is to assess the energy consumption of an electric bus operating in such an environment and starting from this value propose a suitable charging infrastructure. Based on the obtained results, the electrification of the bus line seems feasible.
{"title":"Electric Skibus Fleet High-Altitude Network","authors":"Laura Sturaro, Giacomo Geroli, Carola Leone, M. Longo, F. Foiadelli, W. Yaici","doi":"10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT53387.2021.9627004","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the current existing public transport service, this paper aims to design a new electric ski bus line operating from the cities of Santa Caterina and Livigno, in northern Italy. As a first attempt outside the urban context, the electrification study is developed on a restricted mountain area hence characterized by high slope and low external temperatures. The first step of this work is to assess the energy consumption of an electric bus operating in such an environment and starting from this value propose a suitable charging infrastructure. Based on the obtained results, the electrification of the bus line seems feasible.","PeriodicalId":138886,"journal":{"name":"2021 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124456519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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