International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis最新文献

The main objective of this systematic review is to comprehensively describe and evaluate the evidence on hypnotherapy for smoking cessation. Included studies were comprised of adults, had measurable objective/subjective data reflecting smoking cessation, hypnosis or hypnotherapy studied alone or as part of a multicomponent intervention, and at least ten participants. A total of 745 nonduplicate publications were screened, and 63 papers were included for analysis. Based on 33 of these studies, 66.7% reported a positive impact of the hypnosis intervention for smoking cessation. Positive impact studies had longer average treatment duration, greater number of hypnotherapy sessions, and utilized both self-report and objective measures of smoking cessation outcome (40.9% of positive studies using both vs 20% of no impact studies). The efficacy of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation is positive; however, more studies using biologically confirmed abstinence and reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked are needed. Hypnotherapy is a useful approach for smoking cessation that warrants additional inquiry. Future studies are needed that assess treatment fidelity and hypnotizability, provide information on race/ethnicity, and report on side effects and adverse events.

For over a decade, the growing use of smartphone apps provided a way to make hypnotherapy more widely accessible. However, available apps vary widely in the quality of hypnosis provided to users. This study systematically reviewed apps delivering some form of hypnotherapy intervention and summarized their characteristics. Using hypnosis-related search terms, a list of apps was generated, yielding 679 unique hypnosis apps across both Android and iOS stores, and 168 apps met inclusion criteria for this review. The most common app targets were sleep (k = 94, 56.0%), relaxation/meditation (k = 92, 54.8%), and stress (k = 62, 36.9%). Only 34 (20.2%) of the apps indicated that the developer or person providing hypnosis was trained in hypnosis. Thirteen (7.7%) apps included some claim of evidence-based treatment. Only four apps reported inclusion in a clinical efficacy trial. Relationships between key app characteristics were explored using chi-square analysis. Though hypnotherapy apps have much potential in health care, apps based upon evidence-based protocols and empirical research are limited at this time.

The objective of this study was to determine the model fit of a standardized hypnotizability measure in a targeted clinical sample. The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C) was administered to 168 post-menopausal women aged 39 to 75 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used to determine goodness of fit. Results indicated that the single-factor structure modeled with twelve indicators based on the individual items on the SHSS:C provided the best description of fit. Results of the present study demonstrate that the SHSS:C has a single-factor structure. These findings suggest that new scales of hypnotizability can be optimized by focusing on the use of items that correlate highly with the overall score representing the unidimensional construct of hypnotizability. The findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size, and further research is needed with other populations to clarify generalizability.

Controlling acute pain for individuals undergoing orthopedic surgery is highly desirable as it is related to various treatment outcomes. Immersive, virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) is one potential treatment modality to aid in pain management. This three-arm, randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of two hypnosis interventions for reducing post-surgical pain and anxiety in addition to evaluating the effects on sleep quality, mental health, and physical functioning. Results indicated no statistically significant main effects associated with intervention groups for pre-post change scores of pain intensity (F(3, 177) = 0.35, p = .71, partial η2 = .004), anxiety (F(3, 177) = 0.20, p = .81, partial η2 = .002) or sleep quality (F(3, 175) = 0.81, p = .45, partial η2 = .009). Additionally, there were no statistically significant group effects of treatment condition on mental health (F(2, 162) = .71, p = .49, η2 = .009) or physical functioning (F(2, 165) = .43, p = .65, η2 = .005). Issues and future directions for this line of research are discussed.

The aim of this study was to test the clinical feasibility of hypnotherapy in the management of fatigue and sleep disturbances among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in the south of Iran. Forty patients aged 25-47 were enrolled, and 22 (19 females, 3 males) completed eight 50-minute sessions of hypnotherapy for 10 weeks. Patients were required to practice the hypnotherapy sessions at home throughout the week. Participants completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at baseline and after the final hypnotherapy session. The mean MFI score was significantly reduced by 8.19 points following hypnotherapy (p < .05). The mean PSQI global score following hypnosis treatment significantly decreased from 7.4 ± 3.3 to 5.52 ± 3.12 (p < .05). Our results suggest that MS patients might benefit from hypnotherapy for controlling fatigue and sleep disturbance symptoms. Confirmative assessment is required in a randomized controlled trial after feasibility has been established.

This issue of the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis provides a systematic review of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation as well as a systematic review of hypnosis apps. These reviews are followed by articles that examine hypnotherapy for sleep disturbances in patients with multiple sclerosis, and provide results from a randomized clinical trial of immersive virtual reality to reduce pain and anxiety in individuals undergoing orthopedic surgery. In addition, an important new study, with findings that suggest a "general factor" may best account for hypnotizability is presented. Together, these articles address important emerging research on applications of clinical hypnosis and methods of intervention.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) stands as an advanced technology embraced by researchers and clinicians to influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. The prevalent NIBS methods include transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), both proficient in either exciting or depressing neural activities in specific cortical regions. Recently, NIBS has been integrated into hypnosis research with the goal of enhancing hypnotizability. Specifically, the limited existing studies have predominantly focused on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) due to its significant role in neutral hypnosis. Overall, these studies suggest the fascinating potential to alter hypnotizability and hypnotic phenomena, although the impact on responsiveness to suggestions remains modest. In contrast to psychological and pharmacological methods, NIBS enables alterations in hypnotic experiences that are independent of operators and noninvasive. This grants researchers the chance to employ a causal approach in investigating the brain-behavior relationship associated with suggestibility. The present paper evaluates existing NIBS studies in this domain, delving into the neurocognitive mechanisms at play and their potential implications for hypnosis research and practice.

This paper explores the complex area of so-called unfolding processes and unfolding phenomena in hypnotherapy, emphasizing on unfolding movements and unfolding images, identified as complex involuntary phenomena, which emerge spontaneously without suggestions for these phenomena. Unfolding phenomena are examined as foundational elements of the unfolding process. On the one hand, the study unveils the macro-structure of the unfolding process by categorizing it into involuntary unfolding sets, phases, and unfolding subunits, all of which are analogous among patients and across different organizational levels. On the other hand, detailing the micro-structure aids in elucidating the functionality and elements of the unfolding phenomena. These elements encompass unfolding schemas and instruments. They are emphasized for their role in intrapsychic ideodynamics and responsiveness, aiding recurrent induction aligned and being promoted via an intuitive state of consciousness. Unfolding phenomena elucidate resource elicitation, and adaptation, contributing to the phenotypic organization and reorganization. In this context, the mechanisms of responsiveness, characterized by an unfolding process during hypnotherapy with distinct phases, are examined to help therapists and researchers understand how hypnotherapy can induce phenotypic changes, thereby facilitating treatment, personal growth, and the emergence of a new form of consciousness.

When used separately, virtual reality (VR) and mind-body therapies (MBTs) have the potential to reduce pain across various acute and chronic conditions. While their combination is increasingly used, no study offers a consolidated presentation of VR and MBTs. This study aims to propose an overview of the effectiveness of VR combined with MBTs (i.e., meditation, mindfulness, relaxation, and hypnosis) to decrease the pain experienced by healthy volunteers or patients. We conducted a scoping review of the literature using PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar and included 43 studies. Findings across studies support that VR combined with MBTs is a feasible, well-tolerated, and potentially useful to reduce pain. Their combination also had a positive effect on anxiety, mood, and relaxation. However, insufficient research on this VR/MBTs combination and the lack of multidimensional studies impede a comprehensive understanding of their full potential. More randomized controlled studies are thus needed, with usability evaluation protocols to better understand the effects of VR/MBTs on patients wellbeing and to incorporate them into routine clinical practice.

This article proposes a multicomponent hypnotherapeutic approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treatment. This new approach combines hypnosis with exposure and response prevention, cognitive reappraisal, principles of acceptance and commitment therapy, and other components. In the presented case study, the patient was treated for four months with both biological and psychological first-line therapy with minor effects; the patient was then treated with hypnotherapy. The patient listened to a recorded hypnosis session, which was constructed according to the new proposed principle. After three weeks of near-daily listening to the session, the patient's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale score decreased by 38.5%, which helped achieve a 51.5% reduction from the initial score, suggesting that this method might have significantly contributed to the therapeutic outcome. In addition, this article discusses the differences between the proposed approach and previously published hypnotherapeutic methods for OCD treatment and the hypothetical use of such an approach for other disorders characterized by compulsive behavior. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of hypnotic approaches for treating OCD.