International journal of clinical and experimental pathology最新文献

Glioma is a highly aggressive malignancy with no effective treatment. This study investigates the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N (PTPRN) in glioma progression. The U87 human glioma cell line was used to monitor proliferation, invasion, and migration during PTPRN knockdown. The viability, migration, and invasion were analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays. Additionally, the expression of proteins associated with the cell cycle was examined using western blotting. The knockdown of PTPRN resulted in a reduction in glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as the expression of cell cycle markers like cadherin 1 (CDH1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1), and others. Among these genes, MMP9 and SNAI1 are core genes that link PTPRN and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. PTPRN, a key molecule associated with the EMT pathway, can be used as a molecular marker for tumor risk assessment, detection, and diagnosis in the early stages of glioma.

Background: Timely identification and preventative strategies for diminished bone density can markedly enhance patients' quality of life and reduce economic burdens. This study intended to create machine learning algorithms that precisely forecast the probability of bone mineral density loss.

Methods: The study comprised people aged 40 years and above who received health examinations at an affiliated institution from January 2022 to January 2024. Five machine learning algorithms were employed to forecast the risk of osteoporosis: k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and logistic regression (LR). The efficacy of these algorithms was assessed according to accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results: This study comprised 11,132 patients, of whom 3,568 exhibited diminished bone density. The original dataset comprised 17 variables, and after data screening, 13 variables were incorporated into the machine learning model. The AUROC scores for ANN, KNN, LR, RF, and SVM were 0.882, 0.906, 0.684, 0.918, and 0.896 for males, and 0.881, 0.843, 0.784, 0.922, and 0.872 for females, respectively. The accuracies of ANN, KNN, LR, RF, and SVM were 0.83, 0.86, 0.75, 0.88, and 0.82 for males, and 0.81, 0.77, 0.74, 0.85, and 0.79 for females.

Conclusion: Herein, we created five machine learning algorithms to precisely predict bone density reduction. The RF model had superior performance in both male and female cohorts, attaining the highest AUROC. Implementing machine learning models in clinical implementation can improve the prevention, identification, and early intervention of bone density deterioration.

Microcystic stromal tumor of ovary (MCST) is a rare ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor. This paper presents a case of a 47-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital due to occasional lower abdominal pain and subsequently diagnosed with Microcystic stromal tumor of the left ovary. No recurrence or metastasis was observed after 60 months of treatment. Moreover, all reported clinicopathological features, treatment methods, and prognoses of MCST patients are reviewed herein.

Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is a bone marrow based neoplastic disorder of plasma cells. The presence of intracytoplasmic Auer rod-like inclusions (ARLIs) in PCM is exceedingly rare. To the best of our knowledge, approximately 40 cases have been published since its first description in 1940. These inclusions are predominantly observed in kappa-restricted, IgG-producing PCM. Only 7 cases of kappa-restricted, IgA-producing PCM with intracytoplasmic ARLIs have been documented in the literature. Here, we reported a rare case of recurrent kappa-restricted, IgA-positive PCM exhibiting intracytoplasmic ARLIs both before and after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The clinical features, laboratory studies, diagnosis, and management of this case were described. A comprehensive review of the literature was also provided to explore the origin and pathogenesis of these inclusions, and to examine their prognostic implications.

The differentiation of stem cells into tendon cells plays a crucial role in the repair of rotator cuff injuries. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate tendon-derived stem cell (TDSC) differentiation during tendon injury; however, the specific mechanisms involving the lncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we successfully isolated and cultured TDSCs, and established a tenogenic differentiation model through ascorbic acid treatment. RNA sequencing analysis showed that ascorbic acid significantly upregulated CRNDE expression. Furthermore, CRNDE overexpression in TDSCs markedly enhanced tenogenic differentiation. Using bioinformatics analysis in combination with luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that CRNDE and transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) contain shared binding sequences for miR-337, suggesting a competitive regulatory interaction. Overexpression of miR-337 was found to inhibit CRNDE-induced tenogenic differentiation and reduce both TGFBR2 mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, CRNDE knockdown decreased TGFBR2 protein expression and impaired tenogenic differentiation of TDSCs. In a rat model of rotator cuff tear (RCT), transplantation of CRNDE-overexpressing TDSCs significantly enhanced functional recovery, an effect associated with upregulation of TGFBR2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CRNDE promotes tenogenic differentiation and tendon-bone healing through modulation of the miR-337/TGFBR2 signaling axis.

Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is a prevalent urinary malignancy that complicates diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates the diagnostic and prognostic utility of COL11A1, a gene implicated in tumor progression and immune modulation, by analyzing its association with clinicopathological features, tumor progression, and immune infiltration dynamics. Using statistical methods, including Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and immune infiltration profiling, we evaluated COL11A1 expression in 407 BLCA patients and 28 normal controls. Results demonstrated significant COL11A1 overexpression in BLCA tissues versus controls (P < 0.001), with elevated expression correlating with poorer survival outcomes (hazard ratio = 1.53, P = 0.005). Immune infiltration analysis revealed robust positive associations between COL11A1 levels and macrophages, Th1 cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and neutrophils (P < 0.001), alongside significant links to advanced T stage (P < 0.001) and N stage (P = 0.030). These findings establish COL11A1 as a multifaceted biomarker for BLCA, offering critical insights into diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. Further research should elucidate its mechanistic roles in tumorigenesis and immune regulation, with potential applications across malignancies to advance personalized oncology.

[This corrects the article on p. 10325 in vol. 10, PMID: 31966367.].

Objective: Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including both obesity and blood pressure, have been previously implicated in observational studies as having some association with the occurrence of adrenal tumors. This study aims to evaluate the causal relationships of these high-risk factors with the disease using a Mendelian randomization approach with two-sample data. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, and cardiovascular diseases were extracted from publicly available whole-genome databases. They were then compared separately with benign adrenal tumors. It was found that only BMI was associated with the occurrence of benign adrenal tumors, and this process may be mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP). We explored whether C-reactive protein (CRP) can mediate the causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and benign adrenal tumors, further investigating the mechanism and the proportion of CRP involved in this process.

Methods: Utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, comparisons were made between BMI, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, blood glucose, and the outcome. Subsequently, both two-sample Mendelian randomization and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were conducted to investigate whether CRP serves as a mediator in the causal relationship between BMI and benign adrenal tumors, while calculating the proportion of mediation involved.

Results: There was no causal relationship observed between blood pressure (OR = 0.976, 95% CI = 0.931-1.024, P = 0.339), blood glucose (OR = 0.960, 95% CI = 0.648-1.422, P = 0.840), cardiovascular diseases (OR = 0.724, 95% CI = 0.244-2.142, P = 0.559), and benign adrenal tumors. However, a positive causal relationship was found between BMI and benign adrenal tumors (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.06-1.35, P = 0.003). There was also a positive causal relationship observed between BMI and CRP (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.06-1.08, P < 0.01), as well as between CRP and benign adrenal tumors (OR = 1.350, 95% CI = 1.058-1.722, P = 0.001). After adjusting for CRP, the causal relationship between BMI and benign adrenal tumors diminished (OR = 1.044, 95% CI = 0.911-1.970, P = 0.067). Even after controlling for BMI, a causal relationship between CRP and benign adrenal tumors persisted (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.035-1.693, P = 0.025). The proportion of mediation by CRP was calculated to be 10.4%.

Conclusion: Using Mendelian genetic research methods, this study provides evidence that elevated levels of C-reactive protein may serve as a crucial mediating factor in BMI-induced benign adrenal tumors. Therefore, clinicians should pay particular attention to monitoring and managing levels of C-reactive protein when dealing with obese patients, to more effectively prevent the development of adrenal tumors.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of β-glucan functional dressing and interferon-α2a (IFN-α2a) plug in promoting high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) clearance and restoring vaginal microecology in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) or aerobic vaginitis (AV).

Methods: This prospective-retrospective study enrolled 44 women diagnosed with BV or AV. Participants were evaluated for vaginal ecological indicators including pH, cleanliness, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sialidase, leukocyte esterase (LE), microbial diversity, lactobacilli proportion, and standard diagnostic scores (Nugent and AV). HPV status and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) grade were assessed via cytology and colposcopy. Subjects were randomly divided into Group A (n=22), treated with β-glucan dressing, and Group B (n=22), treated with IFN-α2a plug for 14 days (excluding menstruation). Clinical and virological parameters were re-evaluated after three months.

Results: Both groups were comparable at baseline. No adverse effects were reported. Post-treatment analysis showed that β-glucan dressing significantly improved markers of inflammation (LE, H₂O₂), increased lactobacilli abundance, and reduced pathogenic bacteria. IFN-α2a treatment improved vaginal pH and diagnostic scores but was less effective in microbiota restoration. The HPV-negative conversion rate was higher in the β-glucan group (87%) than that in the IFN-α2a group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Both β-glucan and IFN-α2a dressings were safe and showed clinical benefits in women with BV or AV and HR-HPV infection. However, β-glucan demonstrated superior outcomes in restoring vaginal microecology and enhancing HPV clearance. These findings suggest that β-glucan may serve as a more effective intravaginal immunomodulatory therapy. Further multicenter studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these results.

Objective: To compare the effects of three ventilation modes - pressure-controlled ventilation (PC), volume-controlled ventilation (VC), and pressure-regulated volume control ventilation (PRVC) - on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal wall hernia repair.

Methods: In this prospective study, 485 elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal wall hernia repair were randomly assigned to one of three ventilation groups: PC, VC, or PRVC. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline (D0), and on postoperative days 1 (D1) and 3 (D3). Intraoperative physiological indicators, including mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), PaCO₂, central venous pressure (CVP), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), were recorded at five perioperative time points (T1-T5). Plasma concentrations of brain injury biomarkers (Aβ1-40, S-100β) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured at baseline and serial postoperative time points (TI-TV).

Results: The incidence of POCD differed significantly among the three ventilation groups on both postoperative day 1 (P = 0.040) and day 3 (P = 0.034). On day 3, post-hoc analysis revealed that the POCD rate in the PRVC group was significantly lower than in the PC group (P < 0.0167). Regarding potential mechanisms, PRVC was associated with improved dynamic lung compliance and a lower optic nerve sheath diameter compared to both PC and VC groups. Furthermore, PRVC significantly reduced plasma concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion: In elderly patients undergoing abdominal wall hernia repair, PRVC ventilation reduced the incidence of early POCD, particularly compared to PC ventilation. This neuroprotective effect appears to be linked to improved respiratory mechanics and an attenuated systemic inflammatory response. Therefore, PRVC represents a preferable ventilation strategy for this vulnerable patient population.