International journal of clinical and experimental pathology最新文献

Objectives: To devise a classification method for grossly visible non-invasive neoplasms (GVNINs) of the gallbladder and examine their relationship to pyloric gland adenoma (PGA), since clinicopathological features of GVNINs are not well known to date and the relationship between PGA and GVNINs remains unknown.

Methods: Eighty-five GVNINs were classified into pedunculated (PE), sessile type 1 (SE1), and sessile type 2 (SE2) groups, and into histologic subtypes. Clinicopathologic data, immunohistochemical data surrogating gene abnormalities, and mutational data of CTNNB1, KRAS, and GNAS were obtained. In five cases of SE1 containing PGA-like lesions, separate analyses for PGA-like and non-PGA-like lesions were performed. The relevance of the mucinous tumor cell ratio was analyzed in PE tumors.

Results: The invasion rates were 0%, 33.4%, and 91.2% for PE, SE1, and SE2, respectively. SE2 was more with ≥ pT2 (78.2%) compared to SE1 (16.7%). All PE and SE1 were of gastric pyloric subtype and gastric type, respectively, whereas pancreatobiliary/intestinal subtypes were predominant in SE2. Approximately 66.7% of SE1 had β-catenin abnormalities, STK11-loss, and CTNNB1 mutation. SMAD4-loss was exclusively seen in the intestinal subtype. Mucinous cell-predominant PGA was not clinicopathologically different from non-mucinous cell-dominant type except for patients' age and nuclear β-catenin labeling index. PGA and PGA-like lesions in SE1 shared β-catenin abnormalities and CTNNB1 mutation, but not STK11-loss.

Conclusions: A clinicopathologically relevant classification system for GVNINs was proposed. Histologic subtyping was also important. Non-mucinous cell-predominant PE was suggested to be a similar entity to PGA, while SE1 containing PGA-like lesions were not suggested to be similar.

Background: Thyroid cancer is the world's most prevalent endocrine malignancy and a major health issue. With population aging and environmental influence, its incidence is increasing significantly. Highly specific and sensitive biomarkers to differentiate it from other thyroid diseases are crucial in clinical diagnosis. Identifying thyroid cancer types accurately is essential for personalized treatment, better survival, and improved prognosis.

Methods: This study was to demonstrate the survival prognosis of Cytokeratin19 (CK19) and Galectin-3 in thyroid cancer through the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Simultaneously, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway database was used to detect the associated signaling pathways of CK19 and Galectin-3. Furthermore, a retrospective analysis was performed on 55 cases of thyroid tumor, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and nodular goiter (NG), using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for these proteins. The ROC curve evaluated the diagnostic ability of CK19 and Galectin-3 expressions.

Results: Lower levels of CK19 and Galectin-3 were associated with a poor overall survival prognosis (OS, P < 0.05). The KEGG pathway database demonstrated that the signaling pathways related to CK19 and Galectin-3 play a vital function in controlling the cell cycle. The research revealed that CK19 and Galectin-3 expressions were greater in PTC compared to NG (P < 0.01). Furthermore, in PTC, the positive expression of Galectin-3 was increased in the subgroup aged 55 years and above (P < 0.01). A positive correlation of PTC was identified between the expressions of CK19 and Galectin-3. Moreover, lymph node metastasis correlated positively with tumor size in PTC (P < 0.01). Both CK19 and Galectin-3 proteins have predictive values in predicting PTC (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the AUC value for the optimal cut-off of combined CK19 and Galectin-3 is more statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: CK19 and Galectin-3 are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid neoplasms, manifesting distinct functions across diverse PTC subtypes. Furthermore, they may function as highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for differentiating pathological diagnoses, thus offering substantial value in the precise identification of thyroid-related pathologies.

[This corrects the article on p. 2343 in vol. 8, PMID: 26045741.].

Background: The economic prosperity experienced by Saudi Arabia in recent decades has had significant effects on the epidemiology and patterns of numerous non-communicable diseases, including cancer. The risk factors that often accompany financial prosperity include adopting a western diet, lack of physical activity, and a sedentary lifestyle. These factors contribute to an increased prevalence of chronic diseases andcan gradually increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to investigate the effect of embracing a western lifestyle on the epidemiology and patterns of gastrointestinal cancers in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: I gathered information from various sources in Saudi Arabia regarding the incidence, rate, contributing factors , and other epidemiologic measurements of gastrointestinal cancer. I utilized a range of electronic search platforms, encompassing PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and other electronic databases that met the specified criteria. I also made use of the Global Cancer Observatory and the Global Health Observatory databases.

Results: The incidence of gastrointestinal cancers significantly rose during this period of prosperity. Colorectal cancer had the highest incidence, while liver cancer had the highest mortality rate. There has been a significant rise in various risk factors for gastrointestinal issues, especially physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes, and infections such as hepatitis and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).

Conclusion: Although data on gastrointestinal cancers in Saudi Arabia are limited, there are notably high epidemiological rates, particularly for colorectal, liver, and stomach cancers. A range of risk factors have been linked to the emergence of gastrointestinal cancers, likely due to recent changes in lifestyle in Saudi Arabia, especially the embrace of western habits. The most common risk factors include dietary influences, obesity, and infections. Intervention at both the policymaker and community levels is critical.

Myopericytoma (MPC) is a rare, benign, and cellular mesenchymal neoplasm. Histologically, it is characterized by concentric perivascular proliferation of spindle-shaped tumor cells. While MPCs predominantly occur in the subcutaneous or superficial soft tissues of distal extremities, oral MPCs are exceptionally rare. Herein, we present a case of MPC located in the sublingual region of a 74-year-old male. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of 29 previously reported cases to delineate the clinicopathological and molecular features of MPC. This comprehensive analysis aims to improve diagnostic accuracy and enhance the cognition of this uncommon tumor entity's clinicopathological characteristics and biological behavior.

Objective: To investigate the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) in ovarian cancer tissues and its correlation with clinicopathologic features, chemotherapy sensitivity, and prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.

Methods: Paraffin tissue blocks were collected from 227 ovarian cancer patients, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to analyze the expression of ROR1. The associations between ROR1 expression and clinicopathologic features, treatment response, and prognosis were evaluated.

Results: ROR1 expression and tumor load: higher expression of ROR1 was associated with a heavier tumor load in ovarian cancer patients. ROR1 and chemotherapy: the expression of ROR1 was significantly higher in patients who underwent interval debulking surgery (IDS) compared to primary debulking surgery (PDS) and subsequent chemotherapy (SSC). This suggests that chemotherapy may promote increased ROR1 expression in tumor tissues. Additionally, a trend of higher ROR1 expression was observed in platinum-sensitive patients. Nuclear expression in clear cell ovarian cancer: positive nuclear expression of ROR1 was unexpectedly detected in clear cell ovarian cancer, suggesting a link between ROR1 nuclear translocation and poor prognosis.

Conclusion: ROR1 expression may be related to treatment strategy and history of platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. Targeting ROR1 could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of ROR1 nuclear translocation in prognosis.

Objectives: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is an advanced stage of AMD and is associated with an increased risk of visual impairment. Disturbances in lipid metabolism have been proposed as a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of AMD. This study aims to investigate whether lipid profiles in the serum and components of dyslipidemia can be used as indicators for predicting progression to nAMD.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 125 participants with nAMD. 125 non-AMD controls, matched by age, sex, and BMI, were incorporated into the study. The comparative analysis between the groups involved six lipid biomarkers in the serum: HDL-C, LDL-C TG, TC, ApoA1, and ApoB. Moreover, the existence of dyslipidemia and its constituents was assessed through t-tests, as well as univariate and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results: Individuals with nAMD exhibited significantly higher serum HDL-C (P = 0.02) compared to the controls without AMD. Furthermore, the concentrations of ApoB were significantly less in the nAMD cohort (P < 0.01) when compared to the control group. During the investigation of the correlation between levels of serum HDL-C (P < 0.01) and serum ApoB (P < 0.01) with nAMD through logistic regression analysis, notable findings indicated a significant association between both variables and nAMD. However, by multivariate logistic regression analysis, neither serum HDL-C nor serum ApoB was an independent risk factor for nAMD.

Conclusions: While individuals with nAMD demonstrated elevated serum HDL-C and reduced serum ApoB levels, these lipid markers may not be suitable as biomarkers for monitoring or preventing nAMD.

Background: Pilonidal sinus is a chronic inflammatory condition that typically occurs in the sacrococcygeal region and rarely in other locations. Scalp pilonidal sinus is extremely uncommon, making this case noteworthy as it expands the differential diagnosis for scalp nodular lesions.

Case presentation: A 16-year-old girl presented with a persistent fluid-draining nodule on the top of her head, present for over a decade. She had a history of scalp injury at birth. Examination revealed a 1×2 cm mobile, tough nodule with a central opening and sparse surrounding hair. Imaging showed a gas density under the scalp but no bone involvement. The nodule was surgically excised. Histopathology confirmed pilonidal sinus, showing embedded hair, sebaceous gland involvement, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The patient recovered fully, with no recurrence or complications during three years of follow-up.

Conclusions: This rare case of pilonidal sinus on the scalp highlights the importance of considering it in the differential diagnosis of scalp nodular lesions, particularly in patients with a history of trauma. It emphasizes the need for surgical treatment and careful follow-up to prevent recurrence.

Objective: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a significant threat to the health of women. Biglycan (BGN) plays a crucial role in the oncogenesis and progression of various human cancers. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of BGN in OC.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect BGN levels in the OC tissues of 68 patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery. Normal ovarian tissues were collected from 21 patients with benign gynecological tumors who underwent oophorectomy. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect BGN levels in human OC and normal ovarian cells. The functions of BGN in OC cells were assessed with the Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, and transwell migration assays following upregulation or downregulation of BGN in vitro.

Results: BGN expression was elevated in OC tissues as compared to normal tissues. The basal level of BGN was also higher in OC cells than in normal cells. Knockdown of BGN reduced the proportion of surviving OC cells, increased wound healing, and decreased cell migration, while overexpression produced the opposite effects.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that high BGN expression enhances proliferation and migration of OC cells, indicating that BGN is a potential target for treatment of OC.

Background: Colon cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Copper-induced cell death, known as cuproptosis, is a form of apoptosis that has been extensively studied in human diseases and is widely associated with tumor progression, prognosis, and immune response. However, the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colon cancer remains unclear.

Objective: This study aims to explore the role of cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in predicting the prognosis of colon cancer and to establish a risk prediction model based on these lncRNAs to guide clinical decisions and improve patient outcomes.

Methods: A total of 19 cuproptosis-related genes were collected, and 1330 lncRNAs associated with cuproptosis were identified. Seven cuproptosis-related lncRNAs with prognostic value were selected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using R software (version 4.1.0), the expression levels of the 19 genes were extracted, and the subjects were divided into high- and low-risk subgroups. A risk score model was developed based on cuproptosis-related genes and the seven co-expressed lncRNAs. The dataset was randomly split into a training set and a validation set. Analysis of clinicopathologic features, TME infiltration, and mutations was conducted, and nomogram predictions were validated using calibration plots to assess the predictive accuracy of the model.

Results: The high-risk group had significantly shorter overall survival compared to the low-risk group (P<0.001), and the risk score was an independent prognostic factor (P<0.001). In the training set, the AUC values at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.666, 0.621, and 0.669, respectively. Furthermore, low-risk patients had a higher survival rate. The genetic markers also correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration, clinical features, and prognosis.

Conclusion: This study established a novel method based on cuproptosis-related lncRNAs to predict the prognosis of colon cancer. The model has potential clinical applications in identifying patients sensitive to immunotherapy and antitumor treatments, thereby enhancing precision treatment strategies for colon cancer.