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Performance analysis of rate-splitting multiple access in intelligent reflecting surface-assisted uplink hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks 智能反射面辅助上行链路卫星-地面混合网络中的速率分裂多重接入性能分析
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5917
Mehmet Can, Ibrahim Altunbas

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA)-based intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted uplink hybrid satellite-terrestrial network. We consider three different scenarios based on the channel phase knowledge at the IRS, namely, the ideal, partial, and blind cases. In the ideal case, the IRS has full knowledge of both the user-to-IRS and IRS-to-satellite channel phase information. In the partial case, the IRS has only the user-to-IRS channel phase information. Last, in the blind case, the IRS has no any knowledge of the phase information. We assume that the user-to-IRS channel follows Rician fading, and the IRS-to-satellite channel follows the shadowed Rician fading. The closed-form tight outage probability expressions for all three scenarios are derived. The accuracy of the derivations is confirmed by simulation results. In addition, it is shown that the performance of the RSMA-based system is superior to those of the conventional non-orthogonal and orthogonal multiple access-based systems with a small number of reflecting elements at high target rates.

摘要在本文中,我们研究了基于智能反射面(IRS)辅助的上行链路卫星-地面混合网络的速率分裂多路存取(RSMA)性能。我们根据 IRS 的信道相位知识考虑了三种不同情况,即理想情况、部分情况和盲区情况。在理想情况下,IRS 完全了解用户到 IRS 以及 IRS 到卫星的信道相位信息。在部分情况下,IRS 只掌握用户到 IRS 的信道相位信息。最后,在盲目情况下,IRS 对相位信息一无所知。我们假设用户到 IRS 信道采用里氏衰落,IRS 到卫星信道采用阴影里氏衰落。我们推导出了三种情况下的闭式紧密中断概率表达式。模拟结果证实了推导的准确性。此外,仿真结果表明,在高目标速率下,基于 RSMA 的系统性能优于传统的非正交和正交多址系统。
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引用次数: 0
SDN architecture-based secure data transfer with cooperative searching scheme for AUV-based underwater wireless networks 为基于 AUV 的水下无线网络提供基于 SDN 架构的安全数据传输与合作搜索方案
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5909
Hari Krishna Vana, Ramadevi Kolisetty, Balaji Narayanam

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) based on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have become the standard technology for underwater search tasks with the advent of new underwater information and communication technologies (ICTs). It is also vulnerable to threats and malicious attacks because of its inherent characteristics, open acoustic channel and hostile underwater environment. The purpose of this research is to develop a secure data transfer (SDF) system based on software-defined networking (SDN) architecture with cooperative searching scheme (CSS) (SDN-SDF-CSS) for AUV-based UWSN. This part employs data, local control and the primary control layer to provide a scalable SDN-based architecture for the AUV-based UWSN. To accomplish the underwater search operation, the data layer is primarily deployed to gather AUVs (G-AUVs) and store AUVs (S-AUVs). In order to schedule the AUV, the clustering process takes place based on priority ranking with respect to the average power of each cluster. Then, the CSS is developed, and it is performed in the data layer. The hierarchical localization framework (HLF) can be used to locate each AUV's location within the data layer, which is a necessary step in deploying the cooperative searching model. Finally, for an efficient data transfer, the communication model is deployed in the data layer. UWSNs are vulnerable to various malicious attacks (such as bad-mouthing attacks, on–off attacks, blackhole attacks and wormhole attacks) because of the high bit error rate and unstable optical/acoustic channels in the underwater environment. To overcome this, an SDF technique is used, which involves isolating the attacker node from the data layer. The suggested SDN-SDF-CSS model is implemented on the MATLAB platform, and its performance is evaluated using various evaluation metrics, both with and without attacks. As a result, the proposed SDN-SDF-CSS model has achieved better performance and proved its superiority in the UWSN environment.

摘要 随着新型水下信息和通信技术(ICTs)的出现,基于自主潜水器(AUVs)的水下无线传感器网络(UWSNs)已成为水下搜索任务的标准技术。由于其固有的特点、开放的声道和恶劣的水下环境,它也很容易受到威胁和恶意攻击。本研究的目的是为基于 AUV 的 UWSN 开发一种基于软件定义网络(SDN)架构和协同搜索方案(CSS)(SDN-SDF-CSS)的安全数据传输(SDF)系统。该部分采用数据、本地控制和主控层,为基于 AUV 的 UWSN 提供可扩展的基于 SDN 的架构。为完成水下搜索操作,数据层主要部署用于收集 AUV(G-AUV)和存储 AUV(S-AUV)。为了对 AUV 进行调度,根据每个簇的平均功率进行优先级排序,然后进行聚类。然后,开发出 CSS,并在数据层中执行。分层定位框架(HLF)可用于定位数据层中每个 AUV 的位置,这是部署合作搜索模型的必要步骤。最后,为了实现高效的数据传输,在数据层中部署了通信模型。由于水下环境中的高误码率和不稳定的光/声信道,UWSN 很容易受到各种恶意攻击(如坏话攻击、开关攻击、黑洞攻击和虫洞攻击)。为克服这一问题,采用了一种 SDF 技术,该技术涉及将攻击者节点与数据层隔离。建议的 SDN-SDF-CSS 模型是在 MATLAB 平台上实现的,并使用各种评估指标对其性能进行了评估,包括有攻击和无攻击两种情况。结果表明,建议的 SDN-SDF-CSS 模型在 UWSN 环境中取得了更好的性能,并证明了其优越性。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of resource allocation in 5G networks: A network slicing approach with hybrid NOMA for enhanced uRLLC and eMBB coexistence 优化 5G 网络中的资源分配:采用混合 NOMA 的网络切片方法,增强 uRLLC 和 eMBB 的共存性
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5928
Rebba Chandra Sekhar, Poonam Singh

Traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and spectrum sharing methods struggle to provide the diverse quality of service (QoS) demands for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (uRLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC) leading to suboptimal performance and service quality degradation. Single-carrier-non-orthogonal multiple access (SC-NOMA) appears to be a more optimized solution. It can serve multiple users simultaneously on the same time-frequency resources. This approach offers both enhanced spectrum efficiency and meets the QoS requirements for the coexistence of eMBB, uRLLC, and mMTC. However, SC-NOMA has some drawbacks. Decoding a user's signal involves a complex successive interference cancellation (SIC) process that gets harder with more users causing delays and errors. Additionally, strong user signals can interfere with weaker ones, limiting the number of users per channel. In order to overcome the drawbacks associated with OMA and SC-NOMA, this paper introduces a new method called user-paired NOMA (hybrid NOMA). Hybrid NOMA adopts a strategic approach, employing two user pairing techniques: near-far/far-near (NF-FN) and near-near/far-far (NN-FF). NF-FN pairing prioritizes users with similar signal strengths but different distances from the base station. This minimizes interference for the weaker user during SIC. NN-FF pairing, on the other hand, groups users with similar signal strengths and proximity. This approach further simplifies SIC and minimizes potential interference altogether. The simulation results demonstrate trade-offs between eMBB and uRLLC performance. OMA suffers with dedicated resource allocation, while SC-NOMA balances performance but experiences interference. NN-FF prioritizes eMBB and offers best latency, while NF-FN prioritizes uRLLC with high spectral efficiency but suffers from higher latency. Finally, by providing a thorough grasp of how hybrid NOMA resource allocation works to improve the performance of various use cases, this research makes a significant contribution to the field of 5G spectrum optimization.

摘要传统的正交多址接入(OMA)和频谱共享方法难以满足增强型移动宽带(eMBB)、超可靠低延迟通信(uRLLC)和大规模机器型通信(mMTC)的各种服务质量(QoS)需求,导致性能不理想和服务质量下降。单载波非正交多址接入(SC-NOMA)似乎是一种更优化的解决方案。它可以在相同的时频资源上同时为多个用户提供服务。这种方法既能提高频谱效率,又能满足 eMBB、uRLLC 和 mMTC 共存的 QoS 要求。不过,SC-NOMA 也有一些缺点。用户信号的解码涉及复杂的连续干扰消除(SIC)过程,用户越多,难度越大,从而导致延迟和错误。此外,强用户信号会干扰弱用户信号,从而限制了每个信道的用户数量。为了克服与 OMA 和 SC-NOMA 相关的缺点,本文介绍了一种称为用户配对 NOMA(混合 NOMA)的新方法。混合 NOMA 采用战略方法,采用两种用户配对技术:近远/远近(NF-FN)和近远/远近(NN-FF)。NF-FN 配对优先考虑信号强度相似但与基站距离不同的用户。这可以最大限度地减少 SIC 期间对较弱用户的干扰。另一方面,NN-FF 配对则将信号强度相似且距离较近的用户分组。这种方法进一步简化了 SIC,并将潜在干扰降至最低。仿真结果表明了 eMBB 和 uRLLC 性能之间的权衡。OMA 会受到专用资源分配的影响,而 SC-NOMA 则能平衡性能,但会受到干扰。NN-FF 优先考虑 eMBB 并提供最佳延迟,而 NF-FN 则优先考虑具有高频谱效率的 uRLLC,但延迟较高。最后,通过全面掌握混合 NOMA 资源分配如何改善各种用例的性能,本研究为 5G 频谱优化领域做出了重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
A miniaturized dual wide-band polarization reconfigurable antenna integrated with artificial magnetic conductor for next-generation wireless applications 用于下一代无线应用的集成人工磁导体的微型双宽带极化可重构天线
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5925
Vellaichamy Rajavel, Dibyendu Ghoshal

In today's intricate wireless communication environment, ensuring system quality demands the use of a reliable and versatile antenna system. This research article introduces a polarization reconfigurable antenna integrated with a 4 × 4 Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) surface. The AMC unit cell exhibits a triple-band reflection phase response at 1.8GHz, 4.5GHz, and 5.5GHz, demonstrating double negative metamaterial behavior. The antenna features two distinct C-shaped metal strips connected to two PIN diodes, enabling dynamic current distribution adjustment. Consequently, the proposed antenna offers three reconfigurable states, facilitating seamless switching between dual circular polarization (left and right-hand circular polarization) and linear polarization. With a frequency coverage ranging from 1.29 to 2.52GHz and 3.59 to 6.15GHz, the antenna boasts a maximum axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 31.96%. Additionally, it achieves a maximum peak gain of 5.5 dB and maintains front-to-back ratio (FBR) values exceeding 25 dB, while recording a minimum specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 0.1059 W/kg. The integration of the AMC surface ensures enhanced performance of the antenna. Experimental results from constructed prototypes closely align with simulation outcomes, validating the effectiveness of the proposed antenna. Consequently, this antenna holds significant promise for next-generation wireless applications.

摘要 在当今错综复杂的无线通信环境中,要确保系统质量,就必须使用可靠的多功能天线系统。本文介绍了一种集成了 4 × 4 人工磁导体(AMC)表面的极化可重构天线。AMC 单元在 1.8 千兆赫、4.5 千兆赫和 5.5 千兆赫呈现出三波段反射相位响应,展示了双负超材料行为。该天线具有两个不同的 C 形金属带,与两个 PIN 二极管相连,可实现动态电流分布调整。因此,该天线具有三种可重新配置的状态,便于在双圆极化(左旋和右旋圆极化)和线性极化之间无缝切换。该天线的频率覆盖范围为 1.29 至 2.52 千兆赫和 3.59 至 6.15 千兆赫,最大轴向比(AR)带宽为 31.96%。此外,它的最大峰值增益为 5.5 dB,前后比 (FBR) 值超过 25 dB,最小比吸收率 (SAR) 值为 0.1059 W/kg。AMC 表面的集成确保了天线性能的提升。构建原型的实验结果与仿真结果非常吻合,验证了拟议天线的有效性。因此,这种天线在下一代无线应用中大有可为。
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引用次数: 0
A new subcarrier-index modulation schemes for downlink NOMA systems 用于下行 NOMA 系统的新型子载波指数调制方案
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5919
Issa Chihaoui, Mohamed Lassaad Ammari

In this paper, we propose two downlink multiple access architectures for networks where human-type communication users (HTCUs) and machine-type communication devices (MTCDs) coexist. The proposed schemes combine non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and index modulation (OFDM-IM) concepts. In the first scheme, the base station (BS) transmits bits of HTCUs using modulated symbols and bits of MTCDs by the subcarrier activation pattern (SAP). This approach called IM-NOMA with null subcarriers (IM-NOMA-NS) ensures that inactive subcarriers are always null, which improves the system bit error rate (BER) performance. To improve the spectral efficiency (SE), we propose a second approach, termed IM-NOMA with dual-mode modulation (IM-NOMA-DM), in which the HTCUs' bits are transmitted using two-dimensional modulation and the MTCDs' bits are transmitted using one-dimensional modulation and the SAP. For each proposed system, a near-optimal low-complexity detector, based on the energy-detection (ED) and the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) criterion, is provided to mitigate the detection burden of the optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) detector. The BER performances and SE of the proposed schemes are investigated. The average BERs of IM-NOMA-NS and IM-NOMA-DM are derived in closed-form expressions corroborated by the simulation results. We have proved numerically that the proposed schemes achieve a good trade-off between BER performance, SE, and the number of supported users, making them more suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

摘要本文为人类型通信用户(HTCU)和机器型通信设备(MTCD)共存的网络提出了两种下行链路多路接入架构。所提方案结合了非正交多址接入(NOMA)、正交频分复用(OFDM)和索引调制(OFDM-IM)概念。在第一种方案中,基站(BS)通过调制符号传输 HTCU 的比特,通过子载波激活模式(SAP)传输 MTCD 的比特。这种方法被称为空子载波 IM-NOMA(IM-NOMA-NS),可确保非激活子载波始终为空,从而提高系统误码率(BER)性能。为了提高频谱效率(SE),我们提出了第二种方法,即双模调制 IM-NOMA(IM-NOMA-DM),其中 HTCU 比特使用二维调制传输,MTCD 比特使用一维调制和 SAP 传输。根据能量检测(ED)和对数似然比(LLR)准则,为每个拟议系统提供了近乎最佳的低复杂度检测器,以减轻最佳最大似然(ML)检测器的检测负担。对所提方案的误码率性能和 SE 进行了研究。IM-NOMA-NS 和 IM-NOMA-DM 的平均误码率以闭合形式表达,并得到了仿真结果的证实。我们通过数值证明,所提出的方案在误码率性能、SE 和支持的用户数量之间实现了良好的权衡,因此更适合物联网 (IoT) 应用。
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引用次数: 0
A low profile high gain concave conformal ring cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna loaded with split ring resonator for ISM and C band applications 用于 ISM 和 C 波段应用的装有分裂环谐振器的低剖面高增益凹面共形环圆柱介质谐振器天线
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5921
Manshree Mishra, Anil Rajput, Garima Tiwari, Pramod Kumar Gupta, Biswajeet Mukherjee

A low profile, concave conformal ring cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) employing frequency selective surface (FSS) using split ring resonator (SRR) for wideband and high gain applications is presented. The ring CDRA loaded with the monopole is designed to excite the TM01δ mode to increase the antenna's bandwidth. The effect of a curved ground plane (GP) on the radiation performance of CDRA is studied. A 5 × 5 array of the SRR is placed above the conformal GP at a far-field distance optimized to (2n ± 1) λ/4 from the radiating element to enhance the gain of the proposed structure. The planar CDRA with FSS is compared with the conformal CDRA with FSS and a 4.3 GHz improvement in bandwidth is observed due to the multiple reflection and surface reflection leading to a 3.2 dBi improvement in gain. An impedance bandwidth of 51.8% (5 to 8.5 GHz) with a maximum gain of 8.7 dBi at 7.3 GHz resonant frequency and 99% radiation efficiency at 5.9 GHz is offered by the proposed antenna with FSS. Additionally, the proposed CDRA has a low profile of 0.12 λ0 where λ0 is the lower cut-off frequency's wavelength. A good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results.

摘要 本文介绍了一种低剖面、凹面共形环形圆柱介质谐振器天线(CDRA),该天线采用频率选择表面(FSS),使用分裂环谐振器(SRR),适用于宽带和高增益应用。加载单极子的环 CDRA 设计用于激发 TM01δ 模式,以增加天线的带宽。研究了弯曲地平面(GP)对 CDRA 辐射性能的影响。在共形 GP 上方放置了一个 5 × 5 的 SRR 阵列,与辐射元件的远场距离优化为 (2n ± 1) λ/4,以提高拟议结构的增益。带 FSS 的平面 CDRA 与带 FSS 的共形 CDRA 相比,由于多重反射和表面反射,带宽提高了 4.3 GHz,增益提高了 3.2 dBi。带 FSS 的拟议天线的阻抗带宽为 51.8%(5 至 8.5 GHz),在 7.3 GHz 谐振频率下的最大增益为 8.7 dBi,在 5.9 GHz 下的辐射效率为 99%。此外,拟议的 CDRA 具有 0.12 λ0 的低剖面,其中 λ0 是下截止频率的波长。模拟和测量结果之间的一致性很好。
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引用次数: 0
An optimized deep learning model for a highly accurate DOA and channel estimation for massive MIMO systems 用于大规模多输入多输出系统高精度 DOA 和信道估计的优化深度学习模型
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5902
Omkar H. Pabbati, Rutvij C. Joshi

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MA-MIMO) has been hailed as an auspicious technology for the future generation of wireless communications because it can considerably increase the capacity of the communication network. However, using the maximum likelihood (ML) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimate method is severely constrained in actual systems because of the computationally expensive multi-dimensional searching procedure. This paper proposes a novel approach to estimate DOA and channels by incorporating deep learning into the MA-MIMO system. Here, a deep belief network (DBN) is used to learn both the spatial structures in the angle domain and the statistics of the wireless channel through both online and offline learning procedures. Also, a bald eagle search (BES) Optimization is used along with DBN to attain high precision through optimal training. The proposed model can estimate the channel based on the predicted DOA and the complex gain. According to numerical results, the suggested method performs significantly better than state-of-the-art methods, particularly in tough conditions like low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a finite number of snapshots. The proposed DBN-BES technique accomplishes less root mean square error (RMSE) as 0.01 for SNR of 5 dB in elevation calculation and 0.02 for SNR of 5 dB in azimuth calculation. Also, the proposed algorithm greatly reduces computational complexity.

摘要大规模多输入多输出(MA-MIMO)被誉为新一代无线通信的吉祥技术,因为它能大大提高通信网络的容量。然而,在实际系统中,使用最大似然(ML)到达方向(DOA)估计方法受到严重限制,因为多维搜索过程的计算成本很高。本文提出了一种通过将深度学习融入 MA-MIMO 系统来估计 DOA 和信道的新方法。在这里,深度信念网络(DBN)被用来学习角度域的空间结构,并通过在线和离线学习程序学习无线信道的统计数据。同时,秃鹰搜索(BES)优化与 DBN 一起使用,通过优化训练达到高精度。建议的模型可以根据预测的 DOA 和复增益来估计信道。根据数值结果,所建议的方法的性能明显优于最先进的方法,尤其是在低信噪比(SNR)和快照数量有限等困难条件下。所提出的 DBN-BES 技术在计算仰角时,信噪比为 5 dB 时的均方根误差(RMSE)小于 0.01;在计算方位角时,信噪比为 5 dB 时的均方根误差(RMSE)小于 0.02。此外,该算法还大大降低了计算复杂度。
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引用次数: 0
Secured and energy aware cluster-based routing in cross-layer–cross-domain WSN 跨层跨域 WSN 中基于集群的安全和能量感知路由选择
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5896
Shivaji R. Lahane, Priti S. Lahane

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly important and well liked for delivering pervasive computing environments for a range of applications. Extending the networking life lifetime in WSNs is an important issue that must be addressed. Effective techniques for conserving the WSN's limited energy resources must be developed. Cross-layer protocols are employed in WSNs to solve network lifespan difficulties. This paper proposes a new cross-layer–cross-domain routing scheme with stages such as “(1) network association stage, (2) nearer node detection phase, and (3) consistent state phase.” In the consistent stage, the optimal cluster head selection (CHS) is carried out by taking into account risk, delay, energy, trust, and distance. A new model called manta ray collided dwarf mongoose optimization (MRC-DMO) is introduced to help with this. Furthermore, the routing is accomplished by dependable data communication. The results obtained establish the effectiveness of the MRC-DMO scheme for SEACRCLCD in WSN over varied methods.

摘要无线传感器网络(WSN)在为一系列应用提供普适计算环境方面正变得越来越重要,也越来越受到人们的喜爱。延长 WSN 的联网寿命是一个必须解决的重要问题。必须开发有效的技术来节约 WSN 有限的能源资源。WSN 中采用跨层协议来解决网络寿命难题。本文提出了一种新的跨层跨域路由方案,其阶段包括"(1)网络关联阶段;(2)较近节点检测阶段;(3)一致状态阶段"。在一致性阶段,通过考虑风险、延迟、能量、信任和距离等因素,进行最优簇头选择(CHS)。为此,引入了一个名为蝠鲼碰撞矮獴优化(MRC-DMO)的新模型。此外,路由是通过可靠的数据通信完成的。研究结果表明,MRC-DMO 方案对 WSN 中的 SEACRCLCD 比各种方法都有效。
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引用次数: 0
SDR implementation of wideband spectrum sensing using machine learning 利用机器学习实现 SDR 宽带频谱感知
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5907
Zeghdoud Sabrina, Tanougast Camel, Teguig Djamal, Mesloub Ammar, Sadoudi Said, Bouteghrine Belqassim

New cognitive radio (CR) systems require high throughput and bandwidth. Hence, CR users need to detect wide frequency bands of the radio spectrum to exploit unused frequency channels. This paper proposes a new wideband spectrum sensing (WBSS) detection approach based on machine learning (ML) for scanning subchannels. The originality of the proposed approach is to detect spectrum opportunities using a narrowband spectrum sensing (NBSS) method-based support vector machine (SVM) classification and two features: energy and goodness of fit (GoF). The simulation results show that the proposed WBSS approach-based ML presents a higher probability of detection than the WBSS approach-based conventional detectors, even at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Finally, the software defined radio (SDR) implementation validates the proposed WBSS approach for real detection scenarios.

摘要新型认知无线电(CR)系统需要高吞吐量和高带宽。因此,CR 用户需要检测无线电频谱的宽频带,以利用未使用的频率信道。本文提出了一种新的基于机器学习(ML)的宽带频谱感知(WBSS)检测方法,用于扫描子信道。所提方法的独创性在于利用基于支持向量机(SVM)分类的窄带频谱感知(NBSS)方法和两个特征:能量和拟合度(GoF)来检测频谱机会。仿真结果表明,与基于 WBSS 方法的传统检测器相比,即使在信噪比(SNR)较低的情况下,基于 WBSS 方法的 ML 的检测概率也更高。最后,软件定义无线电(SDR)的实现验证了所提出的 WBSS 方法在实际检测场景中的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
A GSO-based multi-objective technique for performance optimization of blockchain-based industrial Internet of things 基于 GSO 的区块链工业物联网性能优化多目标技术
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/dac.5886
Kouros Zanbouri, Mehdi Darbandi, Mohammad Nassr, Arash Heidari, Nima Jafari Navimipour, Senay Yalcın

The latest developments in the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) have opened up a collection of possibilities for many industries. To solve the massive IIoT data security and efficiency problems, a potential approach is considered to satisfy the main needs of IIoT, such as high throughput, high security, and high efficiency, which is named blockchain. The blockchain mechanism is considered a significant approach to boosting data protection and performance. In the quest to amplify the capabilities of blockchain-based IIoT, a pivotal role is accorded to the Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm. Inspired by the collaborative brilliance of glowworms in nature, the GSO algorithm offers a unique approach to harmonizing these conflicting aims. This paper proposes a new approach to improve the performance optimization of blockchain-based IIoT using the GSO algorithm due to the blockchain's contradictory objectives. The proposed blockchain-based IIoT system using the GSO algorithm addresses scalability challenges typically associated with blockchain technology by efficiently managing interactions among nodes and dynamically adapting to network demands. The GSO algorithm optimizes the allocation of resources and decision-making, reducing inefficiencies and bottlenecks. The method demonstrates considerable performance improvements through extensive simulations compared to traditional algorithms, offering a more scalable and efficient solution for industrial applications in the context of the IIoT. The extensive simulation and computational study have shown that the proposed method using GSO considerably improves the objective function and blockchain-based IIoT systems' performance compared to traditional algorithms. It provides more efficient and secure systems for industries and corporations.

工业物联网(IIoT)的最新发展为许多行业带来了一系列可能性。为了解决大量 IIoT 数据的安全和效率问题,一种潜在的方法被认为可以满足 IIoT 的主要需求,如高吞吐量、高安全性和高效率,这种方法被命名为区块链。区块链机制被认为是提高数据保护和性能的重要方法。在追求放大基于区块链的物联网能力的过程中,萤火虫群优化(GSO)算法被赋予了举足轻重的作用。受自然界中萤火虫协作光辉的启发,GSO 算法为协调这些相互冲突的目标提供了一种独特的方法。由于区块链的目标相互矛盾,本文提出了一种使用 GSO 算法改进基于区块链的 IIoT 性能优化的新方法。所提出的基于区块链的 IIoT 系统采用 GSO 算法,通过有效管理节点间的交互并动态适应网络需求,解决了区块链技术通常面临的可扩展性挑战。GSO 算法优化了资源分配和决策,减少了低效和瓶颈。与传统算法相比,该方法通过大量仿真证明了性能的大幅提升,为 IIoT 背景下的工业应用提供了更具可扩展性和更高效的解决方案。大量的仿真和计算研究表明,与传统算法相比,使用 GSO 的拟议方法大大提高了目标函数和基于区块链的物联网系统的性能。它为工业和企业提供了更高效、更安全的系统。
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International Journal of Communication Systems
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