Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.4.805
C. Montealegre, Louise Nicholle C. Chan, Shaun Vincent P. Peralta, Sven Eldric T. So
Blumea balsamifera is a commercially available herbal drug that has anti-urolithic and diuretic properties. This study quantifies the effect of B. balsamifera extract on the dissolution kinetics of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM) crystals by modeling the dissolution of Ca2+. COM dissolution follows a first-order diffusion-controlled process. The extract did not change the dissolution phenomena. At 10 ppm, the extract had no significant effect on the rate constant (P = 0.166) and surface concentration (P = 0.372). Increasing the extract to 20 ppm did not change the dissolution phenomena and model parameters. The extract significantly decreases the equilibrium Ca2+ concentration with P = 0.0010 and P = 0.0179 at 10 and 20 ppm of extract, respectively. B. balsamifera extract binds free Ca2+ in the synthetic urine. This increases the amount of Ca2+ that dissolves but does not significantly increase the rate of dissolution suggesting that urine volume is more important for COM stone dissolution.
{"title":"Effect of Blumea Balsamifera Extract on the Kinetics of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM) Dissolution","authors":"C. Montealegre, Louise Nicholle C. Chan, Shaun Vincent P. Peralta, Sven Eldric T. So","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.4.805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.4.805","url":null,"abstract":"Blumea balsamifera is a commercially available herbal drug that has anti-urolithic and diuretic properties. This study quantifies the effect of B. balsamifera extract on the dissolution kinetics of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM) crystals by modeling the dissolution of Ca2+. COM dissolution follows a first-order diffusion-controlled process. The extract did not change the dissolution phenomena. At 10 ppm, the extract had no significant effect on the rate constant (P = 0.166) and surface concentration (P = 0.372). Increasing the extract to 20 ppm did not change the dissolution phenomena and model parameters. The extract significantly decreases the equilibrium Ca2+ concentration with P = 0.0010 and P = 0.0179 at 10 and 20 ppm of extract, respectively. B. balsamifera extract binds free Ca2+ in the synthetic urine. This increases the amount of Ca2+ that dissolves but does not significantly increase the rate of dissolution suggesting that urine volume is more important for COM stone dissolution.","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.4.804
T W Chung, Irwan Saleh Kurniawan
Mangosteen (Garcia mangostana) is an exotic fruit that can be found widely in Southeast Asia. Mangosteen pericarp contains bioactive compound that has pharmacological properties, including antioxidants, anticarcinogenic, and also suggested its applicability for skincare products. Water extraction is more applicable for industry due to simple process, low cost, and neutral reaction. In this study, water extraction on the pericarp of mangosteen was applied and the operating parameters were discussed by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for high recovery of antioxidant extract from the mangosteen pericarp. The experimental design used three factors, solid-to-liquid ratio (g/ml), temperature (oC) and extraction time (hour), were analyzed to discuss two responses, DPPH radical scavenging effect (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Under the operating conditions, the highest FRAP is 0.818 abs at the factors of 1:10 (g/ml), 65 oC, and 3-hour. DPPH is significantly high for all RSM pattern. The optimum parameters determined by using RSM are at 1:10 (g/ml), 59.74 oC, and 2.87 hours with DPPH 81.01% and FRAP 0.789 abs.
{"title":"Analysis of Antioxidant Property from Water Extraction of Garcia Mangostana Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"T W Chung, Irwan Saleh Kurniawan","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.4.804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.4.804","url":null,"abstract":"Mangosteen (Garcia mangostana) is an exotic fruit that can be found widely in Southeast Asia. Mangosteen pericarp contains bioactive compound that has pharmacological properties, including antioxidants, anticarcinogenic, and also suggested its applicability for skincare products. Water extraction is more applicable for industry due to simple process, low cost, and neutral reaction. In this study, water extraction on the pericarp of mangosteen was applied and the operating parameters were discussed by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for high recovery of antioxidant extract from the mangosteen pericarp. The experimental design used three factors, solid-to-liquid ratio (g/ml), temperature (oC) and extraction time (hour), were analyzed to discuss two responses, DPPH radical scavenging effect (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Under the operating conditions, the highest FRAP is 0.818 abs at the factors of 1:10 (g/ml), 65 oC, and 3-hour. DPPH is significantly high for all RSM pattern. The optimum parameters determined by using RSM are at 1:10 (g/ml), 59.74 oC, and 2.87 hours with DPPH 81.01% and FRAP 0.789 abs.","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.3.803
S. Ninket, S. Pakapongpan, N. Plongthongkum, P. Namchaiw, R. P. Poo-arporn
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia caused by degeneration of the brain that affects a person’s ability to function independently. Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ- 42) is used as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease detection. Increasing the sensitivity of early stage detection of Alzheimer’s disease is challenging. This study mainly focused on the development of signal amplification of Aβ-42 detection using Graphene (G) and Carbon Dot (CD) which were modified on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) to form graphenecarbon dot/ SPCE. The successful of modified SPCE was investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) was used for specific detection of Aβ- 42. The MIP-based Aβ-42 sensor was prepared by polymerization of o-phenylenediamine (oPD) monomer jointly with Aβ-42 template on the modified SPCE using the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) technique. The results showed the optimum conditions for the MIP fabrication; an electropolymerization cycle of 15 cycles and elution time of 8 minutes. The MIP-based Aβ-42 sensor exhibited the detection range of Aβ-42 from 1 to 30 pg/ml with the linear range from 0.5 to 20 pg/ml, the R2 from the regression curve of 0.9732 and a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.104 ng/ml. The developed MIPbased Aβ-42 sensor was suitable for Aβ-42 detection with cost effectiveness, high sensitivity, and easy to use.
{"title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Amyloid β-42 in Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"S. Ninket, S. Pakapongpan, N. Plongthongkum, P. Namchaiw, R. P. Poo-arporn","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.3.803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.3.803","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia caused by degeneration of the brain that affects a person’s ability to function independently. Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ- 42) is used as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease detection. Increasing the sensitivity of early stage detection of Alzheimer’s disease is challenging. This study mainly focused on the development of signal amplification of Aβ-42 detection using Graphene (G) and Carbon Dot (CD) which were modified on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) to form graphenecarbon dot/ SPCE. The successful of modified SPCE was investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) was used for specific detection of Aβ- 42. The MIP-based Aβ-42 sensor was prepared by polymerization of o-phenylenediamine (oPD) monomer jointly with Aβ-42 template on the modified SPCE using the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) technique. The results showed the optimum conditions for the MIP fabrication; an electropolymerization cycle of 15 cycles and elution time of 8 minutes. The MIP-based Aβ-42 sensor exhibited the detection range of Aβ-42 from 1 to 30 pg/ml with the linear range from 0.5 to 20 pg/ml, the R2 from the regression curve of 0.9732 and a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.104 ng/ml. The developed MIPbased Aβ-42 sensor was suitable for Aβ-42 detection with cost effectiveness, high sensitivity, and easy to use.","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85994569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.3.802
Nausheen Jaffur, P. Jeetah, Gopalakrishnan Kumar
Currently, a rampant cultural shift is occurring in the modern world to progressively substitute fossil-derived plastics and shift to novel biomaterials that are benign to the environment owing to increased awareness of environmental sustainability along with the implementation of strict regulations worldwide. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising intracellular biodegradable polymers that have attracted considerable focus owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and environment-friendly nature to function in diverse applications notably in the pharmaceutical, medical, textile, materials, fuel, agricultural industries. Nonetheless, despite its huge market potential, the commercial growth of PHA is achieved on a small extent only, since the cost-effectiveness of this product is highly debatable owing to the high production cost of processing the carbon substrate. The goal behind this research study is to explore the possibility of exploiting low-cost carbon substrates from low-value lignocellulosic materials that would have otherwise been discarded as waste and add stress to the landfill to manufacture biopolymer compounds that are used in everyday lives as well as to enhance the functionality and yields of glucose from PHA substrates that can undergo industrial upscaling. One of the major challenges of transforming lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is the recalcitrant nature of the fibre which renders it very resistant to the release of sugars for fermentation. Since lignocellulosic biomass has a specific attribute such as an extremely coordinated matrix which renders it very resistant to the release of sugars for fermentation owing to biological degradation, a pre-treatment phase is necessary prior to the hydrolysis stage for the transformation of the fermentable sugars. This study focuses on the biosynthesis of biopolymers from lignocellulosic biomass through sustainable approaches such as enzyme and microbial activities in order to examine its viability as a replacement for traditional polymers. Cupriavidus Necator H16 (Ralstonia Eutropha) having 8×108 CFU/ml viable colonies were cultured at 30 oC and was inoculated in submerged fermentation of M9 minimal salt medium using 1% reducing sugar from Furcraea Foetida as carbon source. Batch fermentation of PHB in submerged cultivation conducted for a residence time from 0 to 48h resulted in a dry cell weight from 0.32±0.05% to 1.62±0.05%. The nitrogen limiting phase was achieved after 48h and 17.05±0.35% of PHB was extracted from 3ml of the fermentation broth. The PHB yield was dramatically lower than reported optimal yields of 37.55 to 97.80% from works of literature. Nonetheless, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed characteristics bands for carbonyl, methine and ester groups along with intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the biopolymer. Sudan Black B and FTIR spectrum demonstrate that PHB biosynthesis successfully bioaccumulat
{"title":"Biotransformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysate into Polyhydroxybutyrate Biopolymer via Ralstonia Eutropha","authors":"Nausheen Jaffur, P. Jeetah, Gopalakrishnan Kumar","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.3.802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.3.802","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, a rampant cultural shift is occurring in the modern world to progressively substitute fossil-derived plastics and shift to novel biomaterials that are benign to the environment owing to increased awareness of environmental sustainability along with the implementation of strict regulations worldwide. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising intracellular biodegradable polymers that have attracted considerable focus owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and environment-friendly nature to function in diverse applications notably in the pharmaceutical, medical, textile, materials, fuel, agricultural industries. Nonetheless, despite its huge market potential, the commercial growth of PHA is achieved on a small extent only, since the cost-effectiveness of this product is highly debatable owing to the high production cost of processing the carbon substrate. The goal behind this research study is to explore the possibility of exploiting low-cost carbon substrates from low-value lignocellulosic materials that would have otherwise been discarded as waste and add stress to the landfill to manufacture biopolymer compounds that are used in everyday lives as well as to enhance the functionality and yields of glucose from PHA substrates that can undergo industrial upscaling. One of the major challenges of transforming lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is the recalcitrant nature of the fibre which renders it very resistant to the release of sugars for fermentation. Since lignocellulosic biomass has a specific attribute such as an extremely coordinated matrix which renders it very resistant to the release of sugars for fermentation owing to biological degradation, a pre-treatment phase is necessary prior to the hydrolysis stage for the transformation of the fermentable sugars. This study focuses on the biosynthesis of biopolymers from lignocellulosic biomass through sustainable approaches such as enzyme and microbial activities in order to examine its viability as a replacement for traditional polymers. Cupriavidus Necator H16 (Ralstonia Eutropha) having 8×108 CFU/ml viable colonies were cultured at 30 oC and was inoculated in submerged fermentation of M9 minimal salt medium using 1% reducing sugar from Furcraea Foetida as carbon source. Batch fermentation of PHB in submerged cultivation conducted for a residence time from 0 to 48h resulted in a dry cell weight from 0.32±0.05% to 1.62±0.05%. The nitrogen limiting phase was achieved after 48h and 17.05±0.35% of PHB was extracted from 3ml of the fermentation broth. The PHB yield was dramatically lower than reported optimal yields of 37.55 to 97.80% from works of literature. Nonetheless, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed characteristics bands for carbonyl, methine and ester groups along with intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the biopolymer. Sudan Black B and FTIR spectrum demonstrate that PHB biosynthesis successfully bioaccumulat","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":"11 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80400337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.2.801
Jingjing Liu, Haisheng Chen
Although The Dividing Wall Column (TDWC) with a top partition is an effective alternative for the separation of ternary mixtures dominated by the lightest component, it can be further intensified by introducing the Internal Heat Integration-The Dividing Wall Column (IHI-TDWC). However, strong internal mass and energy integration complicates the process dynamics and influences the system controllability. In the current work, a kind of decentralized temperature control scheme involving four temperature control loops is developed. The separation of the ternary mixture with methanol, ethanol, and n-propanol is chosen as an illustrative example to evaluate the controllability of the IHI-TDWC through open-loop and closed-loop dynamic process simulation. The results show that the IHI-TDWC keeps good rejection of the throughput and feed composition disturbances.
{"title":"Dynamic Control Analysis of Internally Heat Integrated-Top Dividing Wall Column","authors":"Jingjing Liu, Haisheng Chen","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.2.801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.2.801","url":null,"abstract":"Although The Dividing Wall Column (TDWC) with a top partition is an effective alternative for the separation of ternary mixtures dominated by the lightest component, it can be further intensified by introducing the Internal Heat Integration-The Dividing Wall Column (IHI-TDWC). However, strong internal mass and energy integration complicates the process dynamics and influences the system controllability. In the current work, a kind of decentralized temperature control scheme involving four temperature control loops is developed. The separation of the ternary mixture with methanol, ethanol, and n-propanol is chosen as an illustrative example to evaluate the controllability of the IHI-TDWC through open-loop and closed-loop dynamic process simulation. The results show that the IHI-TDWC keeps good rejection of the throughput and feed composition disturbances.","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77142618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.2.800
P. Longsompurana, R. P. Pooarporn
The number of Heart Failure (HF) patients is increasing every year, which suggests that early BNP detection is necessary. It is highly desired to look for a new sensor because the Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) has the potential to be a cardiac biomarker for the diagnosis of HF. Due to this, the goal of this study was to create and develop a novel electrochemical sensor for BNP detection based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) rather than an antibody. The modification of carbon Screen Printed Electrode (SPCE) using functionalized-multiwall carbon nanotube/tris (bipyridine) ruthenium (II) chloride (f-MWCNTs/Ru) composites has the advantage of improving the electrode's electron transfer process, as effectively shown by the Cyclic Voltammogram (CV). Pyrrole (Py) and pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (Py3C) were used as a copolymeric matrix to create the BNP recognition sites. BNP and two monomers were electropolymerized together in a single step by CV method. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) was used to determine the optimum conditions for the MIP-based BNP sensor, including the Py: Py3C ratio, the number of electropolymerizations, the rebinding pH, and the rebinding time. The DPV results of the new MB labeled NPs revealed directly proportional to the concentrations of rebinding BNP from 10 to 500 pg.cm-3 under optimal conditions, making them acceptable for the detection of both chronic and acute HF. This approach provides an improved detection range and may provide a novel and efficient platform for protein biomarkers.
{"title":"A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Heart Failure Detection","authors":"P. Longsompurana, R. P. Pooarporn","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.2.800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.2.800","url":null,"abstract":"The number of Heart Failure (HF) patients is increasing every year, which suggests that early BNP detection is necessary. It is highly desired to look for a new sensor because the Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) has the potential to be a cardiac biomarker for the diagnosis of HF. Due to this, the goal of this study was to create and develop a novel electrochemical sensor for BNP detection based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) rather than an antibody. The modification of carbon Screen Printed Electrode (SPCE) using functionalized-multiwall carbon nanotube/tris (bipyridine) ruthenium (II) chloride (f-MWCNTs/Ru) composites has the advantage of improving the electrode's electron transfer process, as effectively shown by the Cyclic Voltammogram (CV). Pyrrole (Py) and pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (Py3C) were used as a copolymeric matrix to create the BNP recognition sites. BNP and two monomers were electropolymerized together in a single step by CV method. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) was used to determine the optimum conditions for the MIP-based BNP sensor, including the Py: Py3C ratio, the number of electropolymerizations, the rebinding pH, and the rebinding time. The DPV results of the new MB labeled NPs revealed directly proportional to the concentrations of rebinding BNP from 10 to 500 pg.cm-3 under optimal conditions, making them acceptable for the detection of both chronic and acute HF. This approach provides an improved detection range and may provide a novel and efficient platform for protein biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76580705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.1.799
Konan Lopez Kouame, Ossey Clovis Seka, L. Konate, N. Assidjo, Urbain Gnonssoro, H. Koné, B. Kouadio
This study has been leaded to find the causes of the deviation rates beyond the tolerance. For this study, the mastery of the transfer system was decisive for the resolution of easily identifiable problems and for our guidance in the choice of methods for identifying complex problems. The methods used for this study were the graphical representation method and the ISHIKAWA diagram. The graphical representation of deviation rate (over the period of April to August) enabled us to view 35% discrepancy rates beyond the tolerance limits for the SSP and 20% for GO. Through the ISHIKAWA diagram, we highlighted the root causes of gaps in general and organized these causes into two categories that are the physical gaps and fictive gaps. The estimation of these causes has shown that errors in the temperature measurement are the source of 80% of gap rates beyond tolerance limits and 20% are divided between technical gauging errors and physical gaps (not significant). Solutions have been thereafter proposed to minimize the amount of product gaps during transfers.
{"title":"Analytical Studies of Variations in the Quantities of Petroleum Products during Internal Transfers in a Storage Plant in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Konan Lopez Kouame, Ossey Clovis Seka, L. Konate, N. Assidjo, Urbain Gnonssoro, H. Koné, B. Kouadio","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.1.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.1.799","url":null,"abstract":"This study has been leaded to find the causes of the deviation rates beyond the tolerance. For this study, the mastery of the transfer system was decisive for the resolution of easily identifiable problems and for our guidance in the choice of methods for identifying complex problems. The methods used for this study were the graphical representation method and the ISHIKAWA diagram. The graphical representation of deviation rate (over the period of April to August) enabled us to view 35% discrepancy rates beyond the tolerance limits for the SSP and 20% for GO. Through the ISHIKAWA diagram, we highlighted the root causes of gaps in general and organized these causes into two categories that are the physical gaps and fictive gaps. The estimation of these causes has shown that errors in the temperature measurement are the source of 80% of gap rates beyond tolerance limits and 20% are divided between technical gauging errors and physical gaps (not significant). Solutions have been thereafter proposed to minimize the amount of product gaps during transfers.","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86558660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed at availability of petroleum products in Nigeria through the operation of enhanced modular refinery process due to inefficient conventional major refineries. The enhanced modular refinery converts or processes residue product from conventional modular refinery as feedstock to the hydrocracker reactor for viable and desired products such as liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha and diesel. Therefore, twenty Nigerian crude oil types were classified as sweet, light and medium crude oil, and these crude oil types were categorized based on their recovery volume at true boiling point of 370oC as Group A, Group B and Group C respectively. Thus, based on product output and equipment cost, a modular refinery with 29 trays was used in this study, as light and medium sweet crude oil types were simulated in a modular refinery of various column trays prior to the desired tray. A topping plant with a 30,000 barrel per day capacity and a modified topping plant with 29 trays respectively were used to process different types of Nigerian crude oil. using Aspen Hysys to evaluate their products yield and tray compositions. The modified modular refinery with hydrocracker yielded more valuable from the residue of conventional modular refinery with minimal bottom fraction. Performance models for hydrocracker reactor was developed based on the nature of reaction, kinetic parameters estimated and results compared with experimental data with minimum deviations. The developed performance models predicted feedstock conversion and product yield along the hydrocracker reactor’s dimensionless length by solving a set of ordinary differential equation models. Thus, the hydrocracking process was simulated to evaluate the effects of catalyst effectiveness factor on feedstock conversion and products yield.
{"title":"Process Simulation and Performance Models for Enhanced Modular Refinery Operations in Nigeria","authors":"Adeloye Olalekan Michael, Akpa Jackson Gonurubon, Dagde Kenneth Kekpugile, Ehirim Emmanuel Odionyegbuechua","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.1.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2023.14.1.798","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at availability of petroleum products in Nigeria through the operation of enhanced modular refinery process due to inefficient conventional major refineries. The enhanced modular refinery converts or processes residue product from conventional modular refinery as feedstock to the hydrocracker reactor for viable and desired products such as liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha and diesel. Therefore, twenty Nigerian crude oil types were classified as sweet, light and medium crude oil, and these crude oil types were categorized based on their recovery volume at true boiling point of 370oC as Group A, Group B and Group C respectively. Thus, based on product output and equipment cost, a modular refinery with 29 trays was used in this study, as light and medium sweet crude oil types were simulated in a modular refinery of various column trays prior to the desired tray. A topping plant with a 30,000 barrel per day capacity and a modified topping plant with 29 trays respectively were used to process different types of Nigerian crude oil. using Aspen Hysys to evaluate their products yield and tray compositions. The modified modular refinery with hydrocracker yielded more valuable from the residue of conventional modular refinery with minimal bottom fraction. Performance models for hydrocracker reactor was developed based on the nature of reaction, kinetic parameters estimated and results compared with experimental data with minimum deviations. The developed performance models predicted feedstock conversion and product yield along the hydrocracker reactor’s dimensionless length by solving a set of ordinary differential equation models. Thus, the hydrocracking process was simulated to evaluate the effects of catalyst effectiveness factor on feedstock conversion and products yield.","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83745340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.18178/ijcea.2022.13.4.796
A. A. Obisanya, Gloria O. Ajiboye, I. Ajiboshin, Olumide I. Ogunyemi
The drying kinetics of Clerodendrum Volubile leaves was investigated at different temperature of 50, 60 and 70⁰C in oven dryer. The weight loss with time was recorded and moisture ratio was computed and fitted into different eleven thin-layer drying models. The result showed that moisture ratio reduces with time for all drying temperatures. The drying rate was observed to increase with temperature peaking at 0.185, 0.117 and 0.059 g H2O/g dry solid.min at 70, 60 and 50⁰C respectively. Drying occurred in falling rate period and no constant rate period was observed. The approximation of diffusion model was observed to give the best fit model for the drying process with highest coefficient of determination (0.9985), lowest sum of square errors (0.0032), reduced chi square (0.00012) and root mean square error (0.0107) occurring at 50 ⁰C. The effective diffusivity for Marugbo drying increases with temperature from 3.65×10-12 to 1.28×10-11 m2/s. The Arrhenius equation also described the temperature dependence of diffusivity with activation energy of 57.74 kJ/mol.
在50、60和70⁰C的烘干机中，研究了毛叶的干燥动力学。记录了随时间变化的失重情况，计算了水分比，并将其拟合到11种不同的薄层干燥模型中。结果表明，在不同的干燥温度下，含水率随时间的延长而降低。在0.185、0.117和0.059 g H2O/g干固体时，干燥速率随温度的升高而增大。最低温度分别为70、60和50⁰C。干燥发生在降速期，未见恒速期。观察到扩散模型的近似为干燥过程提供了最佳拟合模型，在50⁰C时具有最高的决定系数(0.9985)，最低的平方误差(0.0032)，减少的卡方(0.00012)和均方根误差(0.0107)。Marugbo干燥的有效扩散系数随着温度的升高而增加，从3.65×10-12到1.28×10-11 m2/s。Arrhenius方程还描述了扩散系数与温度的关系，活化能为57.74 kJ/mol。
{"title":"Drying Kinetics and Thin Layer Modelling of Clerodendrum Volubile (Marugbo) Leaves","authors":"A. A. Obisanya, Gloria O. Ajiboye, I. Ajiboshin, Olumide I. Ogunyemi","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2022.13.4.796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2022.13.4.796","url":null,"abstract":"The drying kinetics of Clerodendrum Volubile leaves was investigated at different temperature of 50, 60 and 70⁰C in oven dryer. The weight loss with time was recorded and moisture ratio was computed and fitted into different eleven thin-layer drying models. The result showed that moisture ratio reduces with time for all drying temperatures. The drying rate was observed to increase with temperature peaking at 0.185, 0.117 and 0.059 g H2O/g dry solid.min at 70, 60 and 50⁰C respectively. Drying occurred in falling rate period and no constant rate period was observed. The approximation of diffusion model was observed to give the best fit model for the drying process with highest coefficient of determination (0.9985), lowest sum of square errors (0.0032), reduced chi square (0.00012) and root mean square error (0.0107) occurring at 50 ⁰C. The effective diffusivity for Marugbo drying increases with temperature from 3.65×10-12 to 1.28×10-11 m2/s. The Arrhenius equation also described the temperature dependence of diffusivity with activation energy of 57.74 kJ/mol.","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81768285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.18178/ijcea.2022.13.4.797
Zijian Wang
Nowadays, the physical and chemical qualities of the same type of plastic goods can vary significantly due to production conditions and manufacturing processes, making it difficult to categorize discarded plastic products and increasing the difficulty of recycling. In this paper, three thermoplastics: polypropylene (PP); polystyrene (PS); and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), are used to detect and analyze the pyrolysis properties of waste plastics using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and to calculate the kinetic parameters of thermoplastics in the pyrolysis reaction. It is found that the mixed pyrolysis of plastics facilitates the pyrolysis reaction, but the required activation energy of the reaction increases if the content of more stable HDPE gains. The optimum pyrolysis temperature range and activation energy of pyrolysis are discovered by modelling the real proportion of waste plastics and pyrolyzing them. And the results will predict and guide the engineering development for mass waste plastic pyrolysis.
{"title":"Pyrolysis Simulation of Plastic Wastes in Actual Situation","authors":"Zijian Wang","doi":"10.18178/ijcea.2022.13.4.797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2022.13.4.797","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the physical and chemical qualities of the same type of plastic goods can vary significantly due to production conditions and manufacturing processes, making it difficult to categorize discarded plastic products and increasing the difficulty of recycling. In this paper, three thermoplastics: polypropylene (PP); polystyrene (PS); and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), are used to detect and analyze the pyrolysis properties of waste plastics using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and to calculate the kinetic parameters of thermoplastics in the pyrolysis reaction. It is found that the mixed pyrolysis of plastics facilitates the pyrolysis reaction, but the required activation energy of the reaction increases if the content of more stable HDPE gains. The optimum pyrolysis temperature range and activation energy of pyrolysis are discovered by modelling the real proportion of waste plastics and pyrolyzing them. And the results will predict and guide the engineering development for mass waste plastic pyrolysis.","PeriodicalId":13949,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84063938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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