ABSTRACTA class of psychoactive compounds known as benzodiazepines are usually given for illnesses including anxiety, depression and persistent pain. The usage and misuse of benzodiazepines are gradually increasing, and accurate detection procedures are required to keep track of patient usage and compliance. It is of tremendous interest to many scientists to determine the presence of benzodiazepines in biological specimen. The use of benzodiazepines as drugs and deadly or criminal behaviour while under their influence are becoming major global concerns. Benzodiazepines are also considered as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that has mostly impacted on aquatic environments. BZD drugs are mostly abused due to their toxic effects, widespread availability and the resistant to photodegradation and remain on the surface water for several months shows the environment concern so their trace amount of detection is important. Some of the methods used for benzodiazepine detection are gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry and electron capture (GC-MS) (GC-EC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoassay methods. These methods are widely used, producing reliable and accurate results. At the same time, they have the potential to seriously compromise workplace safety, are prone to cross-reactivities and are insufficient for highly selective conclusions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for some rapid and selective techniques for benzodiazepine detection. Benzodiazepines may be continually monitored with exceptional sensitivity as well as selectivity even at extremely minimal sample volumes using nanomaterial-based biosensors, which are excellent instruments for this purpose. This study concentrates on the status of benzodiazepine fast and real-time diagnostics. It also covers the potential development of several conventional approaches for quick detection at ultra-low levels, imparting knowledge about the future of sensor technology. Some of the classification, mechanism of action of benzodiazepines as well as various benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) are also discussed. Current developments in different nanosensors designed to analyse the most prevalent benzodiazepines and their metabolites are the main topic of this study.HIGHLIGHTS Status of fast, rapid and on-spot diagnosis of benzodiazepine drugs.Some of the conventional techniques used for benzodiazepines detection are discussed.Biosensing methods with their future development and possibilities are summarised in this review.KEYWORDS: Illicit drugbiosensorpoint of care devicesdiagnostics Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India [BT/PR31594/MED/32/738/2020].
{"title":"A review on advancement of biosensors for benzodiazepines detection","authors":"Yashomita Mehta, Shariq Suleman, Nigar Anzar, Rupali Sharma, Jagriti Narang","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2261008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2261008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTA class of psychoactive compounds known as benzodiazepines are usually given for illnesses including anxiety, depression and persistent pain. The usage and misuse of benzodiazepines are gradually increasing, and accurate detection procedures are required to keep track of patient usage and compliance. It is of tremendous interest to many scientists to determine the presence of benzodiazepines in biological specimen. The use of benzodiazepines as drugs and deadly or criminal behaviour while under their influence are becoming major global concerns. Benzodiazepines are also considered as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that has mostly impacted on aquatic environments. BZD drugs are mostly abused due to their toxic effects, widespread availability and the resistant to photodegradation and remain on the surface water for several months shows the environment concern so their trace amount of detection is important. Some of the methods used for benzodiazepine detection are gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry and electron capture (GC-MS) (GC-EC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoassay methods. These methods are widely used, producing reliable and accurate results. At the same time, they have the potential to seriously compromise workplace safety, are prone to cross-reactivities and are insufficient for highly selective conclusions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for some rapid and selective techniques for benzodiazepine detection. Benzodiazepines may be continually monitored with exceptional sensitivity as well as selectivity even at extremely minimal sample volumes using nanomaterial-based biosensors, which are excellent instruments for this purpose. This study concentrates on the status of benzodiazepine fast and real-time diagnostics. It also covers the potential development of several conventional approaches for quick detection at ultra-low levels, imparting knowledge about the future of sensor technology. Some of the classification, mechanism of action of benzodiazepines as well as various benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) are also discussed. Current developments in different nanosensors designed to analyse the most prevalent benzodiazepines and their metabolites are the main topic of this study.HIGHLIGHTS Status of fast, rapid and on-spot diagnosis of benzodiazepine drugs.Some of the conventional techniques used for benzodiazepines detection are discussed.Biosensing methods with their future development and possibilities are summarised in this review.KEYWORDS: Illicit drugbiosensorpoint of care devicesdiagnostics Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India [BT/PR31594/MED/32/738/2020].","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2023.2263383
C. Theresa Umeh, J. Kanayochukwu Nduka, O. Kingsley Iwuozor, O. Daniel Omokpariola, Kanika Dulta, S. Chisom Ezeh, R. Nkechi Emeka
ABSTRACTThe removal of emergent contaminants like ciprofloxacin (CIP) from effluents discharged from pharmaceutical industries is important for water purification. An environmental and eco-friendly nitric acid modified adsorbent produced from corn cob containing cellulosic materials was used for the sequestration of ciprofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous media. The adsorbent was characterised using SEM, FTIR, BET, EDX, and TGA techniques. The results of the characterisations depicted enrichment of the adsorbent porosity, surface functional groups and surface area (156.39 m2/g) of the agro-waste precursor after pretreatment. The effects of various adsorption parameters, including adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, pH, contact time, and temperature, were investigated, with an optimal pH value of 7 being determined. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for the CIP drug was found to be 51.55 mg/g. The Freundlich isotherm successfully explained the generated experimental results indicating a heterogeneous surface for the physisorption process. The rate-determining step of the reaction was predominately dominated by intraparticle diffusion, and the kinetic models were represented by pseudo-second-order processes that suggested chemisorption. The analysis of thermodynamics revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic (∆Ho < 0), and spontaneous (∆Go < 0) with an increasing degree of randomness (∆So < 0). Finally, it should be noted that CIP loaded on the adsorbent could be easily desorbed with 0.1 mol L−1 HNO3 and the adsorbent showed good reusability for adsorption of the studied drug. Therefore, this study proposed the viability of acid-pretreated corn cob for economically effective treatment of ciprofloxacin in water or similar pharmaceutical-laden wastewater.KEYWORDS: Pretreated corn cobciprofloxacin antibioticadsorptionequilibrium modelsthermodynamics AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to thank the co-authors who contributed immensely to the success of the research.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
{"title":"Adsorption modelling on the removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous solution by acid-modified corn cob","authors":"C. Theresa Umeh, J. Kanayochukwu Nduka, O. Kingsley Iwuozor, O. Daniel Omokpariola, Kanika Dulta, S. Chisom Ezeh, R. Nkechi Emeka","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2263383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2263383","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe removal of emergent contaminants like ciprofloxacin (CIP) from effluents discharged from pharmaceutical industries is important for water purification. An environmental and eco-friendly nitric acid modified adsorbent produced from corn cob containing cellulosic materials was used for the sequestration of ciprofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous media. The adsorbent was characterised using SEM, FTIR, BET, EDX, and TGA techniques. The results of the characterisations depicted enrichment of the adsorbent porosity, surface functional groups and surface area (156.39 m2/g) of the agro-waste precursor after pretreatment. The effects of various adsorption parameters, including adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, pH, contact time, and temperature, were investigated, with an optimal pH value of 7 being determined. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for the CIP drug was found to be 51.55 mg/g. The Freundlich isotherm successfully explained the generated experimental results indicating a heterogeneous surface for the physisorption process. The rate-determining step of the reaction was predominately dominated by intraparticle diffusion, and the kinetic models were represented by pseudo-second-order processes that suggested chemisorption. The analysis of thermodynamics revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic (∆Ho < 0), and spontaneous (∆Go < 0) with an increasing degree of randomness (∆So < 0). Finally, it should be noted that CIP loaded on the adsorbent could be easily desorbed with 0.1 mol L−1 HNO3 and the adsorbent showed good reusability for adsorption of the studied drug. Therefore, this study proposed the viability of acid-pretreated corn cob for economically effective treatment of ciprofloxacin in water or similar pharmaceutical-laden wastewater.KEYWORDS: Pretreated corn cobciprofloxacin antibioticadsorptionequilibrium modelsthermodynamics AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to thank the co-authors who contributed immensely to the success of the research.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2023.2262394
Hanan Naser Hussein Al-Gburi, Mohammad Eftekhari, Mohammad Gheibi
ABSTRACTAn efficient, novel and green Graphene Oxide-Poly-L-Lysine (GO-PLL) adsorbent was successfully synthesised and used for solid-phase extraction of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in liquid milk samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with fluorescence detector (FLD). The synthesised adsorbent was characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Different parameters affecting the recovery percentage of AFM1 including pH of sample solution, amounts of adsorbent, contact time and desorbent solution (types and volume) were completely investigated and optimised. It was found that, with an enrichment factor of 15.2, the calibration curve is linear in the range of 0.05–4.00 ng ml−1 AFM1 and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.019 and 0.063 ng mL−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 4.5% to 5.7% and 4.2% to 6.7% for intra-day and inter-day variations, respectively. Finally, the proposed solid-phase extraction method was successfully applied for determination of trace levels of AFM1 in different milk samples.KEYWORDS: Aflatoxin M1Graphene Oxide-Poly-L-Lysine (GO-PLL) adsorbentHPLCmilk sample AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to thank the University of Neyshabur for the financial support of this project (grant number: 14703).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences [grant number:14703].
摘要成功合成了一种高效、新型、绿色的氧化石墨烯-聚l -赖氨酸(GO-PLL)吸附剂，并采用荧光检测器(FLD)高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对液态奶样品中的黄曲霉毒素M1 (AFM1)进行固相萃取。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、能量色散x射线能谱(EDX)和x射线衍射(XRD)对合成的吸附剂进行了表征。对样品溶液pH、吸附剂用量、接触时间和脱附液(种类和体积)等影响AFM1回收率的参数进行了全面研究和优化。富集系数为15.2，在0.05 ~ 4.00 ng ml−1 AFM1范围内呈线性关系，检出限和定量限分别为0.019和0.063 ng ml−1。相对标准偏差(rsd)在日内和日内变化范围分别为4.5% ~ 5.7%和4.2% ~ 6.7%。最后，将所建立的固相萃取法成功地应用于不同牛奶样品中AFM1的痕量测定。关键词:黄曲霉毒素m1氧化石墨烯-聚l -赖氨酸(GO-PLL)吸附聚l -赖氨酸(GO-PLL)牛奶样品披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究由Neyshabur医学科学大学资助[批准号:14703]。
{"title":"Solid phase extraction of Aflatoxin M1 in milk samples by graphene oxide-poly-L-lysine nanocomposite followed by HPLC","authors":"Hanan Naser Hussein Al-Gburi, Mohammad Eftekhari, Mohammad Gheibi","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2262394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2262394","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAn efficient, novel and green Graphene Oxide-Poly-L-Lysine (GO-PLL) adsorbent was successfully synthesised and used for solid-phase extraction of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in liquid milk samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with fluorescence detector (FLD). The synthesised adsorbent was characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Different parameters affecting the recovery percentage of AFM1 including pH of sample solution, amounts of adsorbent, contact time and desorbent solution (types and volume) were completely investigated and optimised. It was found that, with an enrichment factor of 15.2, the calibration curve is linear in the range of 0.05–4.00 ng ml−1 AFM1 and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.019 and 0.063 ng mL−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 4.5% to 5.7% and 4.2% to 6.7% for intra-day and inter-day variations, respectively. Finally, the proposed solid-phase extraction method was successfully applied for determination of trace levels of AFM1 in different milk samples.KEYWORDS: Aflatoxin M1Graphene Oxide-Poly-L-Lysine (GO-PLL) adsorbentHPLCmilk sample AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to thank the University of Neyshabur for the financial support of this project (grant number: 14703).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences [grant number:14703].","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2023.2260987
Xuyen Nguyen Thi, Hung Nguyen Xuan, Dinh Binh Chu, Quang Minh Bui, Tien Dat Nguyen, Tuan Anh Le Hoang, Thuy Minh Le, Binh Minh Tu, Tri Manh Tran, Duc Nam Vu
ABSTRACTThis study developed a simple, economical and time-saving clean-up procedure based on an in-house packed column system for the determination of the most toxic-relevant 17 PCDD (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin) and PCDF (polychlorinated dibenzofuran) congeners in environmental samples following accelerated solvent extraction. The extract solution was cleaned up using a manually packed column system consisting of a multi-layer silica gel column and an activated carbon column. After clean-up, dioxins and furans were analysed by using gas chromatography in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Isotopic labelled spiking experiments investigated the recovery of all dioxin and furan congeners. Then, the clean-up procedure for environmental samples was validated by applying the analysis of both clean soil reference material (CRM EDF-5183) and heavily contaminated sediment reference material (CRM EDF-5184) samples, as well as participating in the proficiency test (PT) for sediment samples. The recovery efficiency of isotope-labelled standard compounds in certified reference material (CRM) samples and PT samples ranged from 35% to 101% and between 46.1% and 105%, respectively. The mass concentrations of 17 PCDD/Fs in CRM samples were in the acceptable range. The absolute z-score value for each PCDD/F congener in the PT samples was below 1, confirming the analytical procedure’s high accuracy. The applied clean-up procedure in this study has demonstrated accuracy, repeatability and a significant increase in sample extraction/preparation productivity by reducing the time for sample preparation.KEYWORDS: PCDDsPCDFsclean-up proceduremulti-layer silica gel clean-up columnenvironmental samples Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2260987.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by component 5: “Improving the quality of dioxin analysis laboratory to international standards”, code [TĐDIOX.05/22-24], under the key science and technology project of VAST: “Research on the risk of dioxin accumulation and derivatives arising from some socio-economic activities to the food production chain”, code: [TĐDIOX.00/22-24]. Nguyen Thi Xuyen was funded by Vingroup JSC and supported by the Master, PhD Scholarship Programme of Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF), Institute of Big Data, code [VINIF.2021.TS.124].
{"title":"Analysis of PCDD/Fs in environmental samples by using gas chromatography in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry: optimization of sample preparation","authors":"Xuyen Nguyen Thi, Hung Nguyen Xuan, Dinh Binh Chu, Quang Minh Bui, Tien Dat Nguyen, Tuan Anh Le Hoang, Thuy Minh Le, Binh Minh Tu, Tri Manh Tran, Duc Nam Vu","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2260987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2260987","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study developed a simple, economical and time-saving clean-up procedure based on an in-house packed column system for the determination of the most toxic-relevant 17 PCDD (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin) and PCDF (polychlorinated dibenzofuran) congeners in environmental samples following accelerated solvent extraction. The extract solution was cleaned up using a manually packed column system consisting of a multi-layer silica gel column and an activated carbon column. After clean-up, dioxins and furans were analysed by using gas chromatography in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Isotopic labelled spiking experiments investigated the recovery of all dioxin and furan congeners. Then, the clean-up procedure for environmental samples was validated by applying the analysis of both clean soil reference material (CRM EDF-5183) and heavily contaminated sediment reference material (CRM EDF-5184) samples, as well as participating in the proficiency test (PT) for sediment samples. The recovery efficiency of isotope-labelled standard compounds in certified reference material (CRM) samples and PT samples ranged from 35% to 101% and between 46.1% and 105%, respectively. The mass concentrations of 17 PCDD/Fs in CRM samples were in the acceptable range. The absolute z-score value for each PCDD/F congener in the PT samples was below 1, confirming the analytical procedure’s high accuracy. The applied clean-up procedure in this study has demonstrated accuracy, repeatability and a significant increase in sample extraction/preparation productivity by reducing the time for sample preparation.KEYWORDS: PCDDsPCDFsclean-up proceduremulti-layer silica gel clean-up columnenvironmental samples Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2260987.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by component 5: “Improving the quality of dioxin analysis laboratory to international standards”, code [TĐDIOX.05/22-24], under the key science and technology project of VAST: “Research on the risk of dioxin accumulation and derivatives arising from some socio-economic activities to the food production chain”, code: [TĐDIOX.00/22-24]. Nguyen Thi Xuyen was funded by Vingroup JSC and supported by the Master, PhD Scholarship Programme of Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF), Institute of Big Data, code [VINIF.2021.TS.124].","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2023.2260767
Siamak Darvishali, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Mahdi Farzadkia, Majid Kermani, Yousef Abdossalami Asl, Jamal Mehralipour, Abbas Shahsavani
ABSTRACTFormaldehyde (FA) and acetaldehyde (AA) are known as the two major pollutants used at industrial processes. The BiOI@NH2-MIL-125 (Ti)@Zeolite heterostructures combined with UV-assisted peroxone process were investigated for oxidative degradation of the aldehydes in a continuous waste air stream. Different characterisation methods including XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDS, EDS elemental mapping, BET, TEM and XPS were used to characterise the photocatalyst. This study focuses on optimising the parameters selected for removal of FA and AA using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) technique. Therefore, the effects of operational parameters: air flow rate, ozone feeding rate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, relative humidity (RH), and initial concentrations on FA and AA removal efficiency were investigated and optimised using the OFAT procedure. The results showed the complete degradation of FA and AA were achieved at optimal conditions (air flow rate: 0.2 L/min, O3 dosage: 0.3 and 0.4 mg/min for FA and AA, respectively, H2O2 concentration: 150 and 200 ppm for FA and AA, respectively, RH of 35%, and an initial pollutant concentration of 5 ppm). In addition, kinetic models revealed that the FA and AA degradation process are fitted with first-order kinetic (R2 = 0.85). Mineralisation analysis revealed that the complete degradation of FA and AA were obtained at CO2 levels of 4.3 and 3.9 ppm, respectively. Overall, it could be concluded that the suggested treatment method has the capability to efficiently eliminate the aldehydes of interest from waste gases.KEYWORDS: Formaldehydeacetaldehydephotoperoxonemetal-organic frameworkswaste airDNPH AcknowledgmentsSpecial thanks goes to my supervisor Dr. Majid Kermani for raising the issue as well as his support and guidance throughout this work. I also appreciate Dr. Yousef Abdossalmi Asl whose advice and assistance were crucial to drive entire the project to completion.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Ethical ApprovalIR.IUMS.REC.1398.1175Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2260767Data availability statementAll data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article.Additional informationFundingWe acknowledge Iran University of Medical Sciences, for funding this research under grant No. [98-4-2-16909].
{"title":"Metal organic framework-based photocatalyst-assisted peroxone process for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde removal from waste air stream: intermediates and mineralization","authors":"Siamak Darvishali, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Mahdi Farzadkia, Majid Kermani, Yousef Abdossalami Asl, Jamal Mehralipour, Abbas Shahsavani","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2260767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2260767","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFormaldehyde (FA) and acetaldehyde (AA) are known as the two major pollutants used at industrial processes. The BiOI@NH2-MIL-125 (Ti)@Zeolite heterostructures combined with UV-assisted peroxone process were investigated for oxidative degradation of the aldehydes in a continuous waste air stream. Different characterisation methods including XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDS, EDS elemental mapping, BET, TEM and XPS were used to characterise the photocatalyst. This study focuses on optimising the parameters selected for removal of FA and AA using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) technique. Therefore, the effects of operational parameters: air flow rate, ozone feeding rate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, relative humidity (RH), and initial concentrations on FA and AA removal efficiency were investigated and optimised using the OFAT procedure. The results showed the complete degradation of FA and AA were achieved at optimal conditions (air flow rate: 0.2 L/min, O3 dosage: 0.3 and 0.4 mg/min for FA and AA, respectively, H2O2 concentration: 150 and 200 ppm for FA and AA, respectively, RH of 35%, and an initial pollutant concentration of 5 ppm). In addition, kinetic models revealed that the FA and AA degradation process are fitted with first-order kinetic (R2 = 0.85). Mineralisation analysis revealed that the complete degradation of FA and AA were obtained at CO2 levels of 4.3 and 3.9 ppm, respectively. Overall, it could be concluded that the suggested treatment method has the capability to efficiently eliminate the aldehydes of interest from waste gases.KEYWORDS: Formaldehydeacetaldehydephotoperoxonemetal-organic frameworkswaste airDNPH AcknowledgmentsSpecial thanks goes to my supervisor Dr. Majid Kermani for raising the issue as well as his support and guidance throughout this work. I also appreciate Dr. Yousef Abdossalmi Asl whose advice and assistance were crucial to drive entire the project to completion.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Ethical ApprovalIR.IUMS.REC.1398.1175Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2260767Data availability statementAll data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article.Additional informationFundingWe acknowledge Iran University of Medical Sciences, for funding this research under grant No. [98-4-2-16909].","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTThis investigation looks at the structural and optical properties of g-C3N4 (graphitic carbon nitride) and its doped analogs, indicated as x@g-C3N4 (where x indicates oxygen, potassium, and nitrogen). The study investigates the effect of these dopants on the material’s physicochemical properties, focusing on their applicability for photocatalytic applications. The alterations in crystallinity and shape caused by doping were shown by structural and functional analyses utilising XRD, FTIR, SEM, and XPS analysis. UV-DRS and PL measurements of optical characteristics revealed bandgap changes and charge recombination due to dopant inclusion. The photodegradation performance of organic pollutants under visible light was examined, indicating the improved photocatalytic activity of oxygen-doped g-C3N4 compared to the pristine and other doped materials. Adsorption capabilities and scavenger tests were explored to better understand reactive species’ role in the photocatalytic process. Furthermore, VB-XPS analysis, combined with UV-DRS and scavenger results, allowed us to propose a comprehensive photocatalytic mechanism. This research not only increases our understanding of the structural and optical impacts of doping on g-C3N4, but it also sheds light on the complexities of its photocatalytic behaviour, paving the road for its use in environmental remediation and sustainable energy conversion.KEYWORDS: Doped g-C3N4oxygendopingphotocatalytic degradationROS quantification Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Influence of doped elements (O, K, and N) on melamine derived g-C <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> : insights into optical properties and photoactivity","authors":"Soumya Ranjan Mishra, Vishal Gadore, Md. Ahmaruzzaman","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2260750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2260750","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis investigation looks at the structural and optical properties of g-C3N4 (graphitic carbon nitride) and its doped analogs, indicated as x@g-C3N4 (where x indicates oxygen, potassium, and nitrogen). The study investigates the effect of these dopants on the material’s physicochemical properties, focusing on their applicability for photocatalytic applications. The alterations in crystallinity and shape caused by doping were shown by structural and functional analyses utilising XRD, FTIR, SEM, and XPS analysis. UV-DRS and PL measurements of optical characteristics revealed bandgap changes and charge recombination due to dopant inclusion. The photodegradation performance of organic pollutants under visible light was examined, indicating the improved photocatalytic activity of oxygen-doped g-C3N4 compared to the pristine and other doped materials. Adsorption capabilities and scavenger tests were explored to better understand reactive species’ role in the photocatalytic process. Furthermore, VB-XPS analysis, combined with UV-DRS and scavenger results, allowed us to propose a comprehensive photocatalytic mechanism. This research not only increases our understanding of the structural and optical impacts of doping on g-C3N4, but it also sheds light on the complexities of its photocatalytic behaviour, paving the road for its use in environmental remediation and sustainable energy conversion.KEYWORDS: Doped g-C3N4oxygendopingphotocatalytic degradationROS quantification Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2023.2258795
Muhammad Imran Din, Rida Khalid
ABSTRACTWater pollution, which is produced especially by pharmaceutical waste and organic dyes that are discharged into waterbodies without being properly treated, is now becoming a greater hazard to aquatic species and ecosystems. Various approaches have previously been used to degrade organic dyes and pharmaceutical waste. Advanced oxidation method, notably titanium dioxide doped with semiconductors like silver, has significant advantages over conventional systems. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism is briefly explored. The effectiveness of silver-doped titanium dioxide for the demineralisation of medicines as well as for different types of dyes has been reviewed along with various factors affecting photocatalytic reactions.KEYWORDS: Photocatalysispharmaceuticalsazo dyessemiconductorsdoping Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Photocatalysis of pharmaceuticals and organic dyes in the presence of silver-doped TiO <sub>2</sub> photocatalyst–A critical review","authors":"Muhammad Imran Din, Rida Khalid","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2258795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2258795","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWater pollution, which is produced especially by pharmaceutical waste and organic dyes that are discharged into waterbodies without being properly treated, is now becoming a greater hazard to aquatic species and ecosystems. Various approaches have previously been used to degrade organic dyes and pharmaceutical waste. Advanced oxidation method, notably titanium dioxide doped with semiconductors like silver, has significant advantages over conventional systems. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism is briefly explored. The effectiveness of silver-doped titanium dioxide for the demineralisation of medicines as well as for different types of dyes has been reviewed along with various factors affecting photocatalytic reactions.KEYWORDS: Photocatalysispharmaceuticalsazo dyessemiconductorsdoping Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTValsartan and Losartan are two angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs used to treat heart failure and high blood pressure. A straightforward and disposable hollow fibre-solid phase microextraction device was developed to extract these drugs from real water and urine samples. A green sorbent was synthesised by functionalised MWCNTs with chitosan through a chemical route method. Besides, a polyoxometalate (Ni-CoWO4 nanoparticles) was prepared as a modifier using the hydrothermal procedure. Using the sol-gel strategy, the sorbent and modifier were reinforced in the hollow fibre pores and lumen. The approach leads to an increase in the sorbent coating stability on/in hollow fibre. The influential factors were optimised with an experimental design, indicating that pH, extraction time, and desorption time significantly affect the Valsartan and Losartan extraction. The linearity of the method to determine Valsartan and Losartan was 3.4–1850 and 3.1–1800 ng mL−1, with R squared of 0.9929 and 0.9947, respectively. The detection and quantification limits were lower than 0.9 ng mL−1 and 3.4 ng mL−1, respectively. The pre-concentration factors for determining Valsartan and Losartan with a concentration of 20 ng mL−1 were 654.2 and 546.3, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were lower than 3.11% and 3.87% for measuring Valsartan and Losartan. The recoveries and RSDs for analysing spiked eal water and urine samples were between 91.8–97.8% and 3.16–4.10%, respectively.KEYWORDS: ValsartanLosartanhollow fibre-solid phase microextractionMWCNTsPolyoxometalateschitosan AcknowledgmentsThe authors express their appreciation to the Research Council of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran, for financial support.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Compliance with ethical standardsThe study has been carried out under the institutional and/or national research committee’s ethical standards and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable. Ethical standards.CRediT authorship contribution statementAref Ansari Mohseni: Conceptualization, Writing e original draft, Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Resources.Mahmoud Ebrahimi: Supervisor, Investigation, Writing e review & editing.Safarali Beyramabadi: Advisor, Investigation, Writing e review & editing.Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2253736.
摘要缬沙坦和氯沙坦是两种用于治疗心力衰竭和高血压的血管紧张素受体阻滞剂。开发了一种简单、一次性的中空纤维固相微萃取装置，用于从真实的水和尿液样品中提取这些药物。以壳聚糖为原料，通过化学途径合成了功能化MWCNTs的绿色吸附剂。此外，采用水热法制备了多金属氧酸盐(Ni-CoWO4纳米颗粒)作为改性剂。采用溶胶-凝胶策略，将吸附剂和改性剂在中空纤维孔隙和管腔中进行增强。该方法提高了中空纤维表面/内部吸附剂涂层的稳定性。通过实验设计对影响因素进行优化，结果表明pH、提取时间和解吸时间对缬沙坦和氯沙坦的提取有显著影响。缬沙坦和氯沙坦测定的线性关系分别为3.4 ~ 1850和3.1 ~ 1800 ng mL−1,R²分别为0.9929和0.9947。检测限和定量限分别低于0.9 ng mL−1和3.4 ng mL−1。缬沙坦和氯沙坦浓度为20 ng mL−1时的预浓度因子分别为654.2和546.3。缬沙坦和氯沙坦测定的日内、日间rsd分别低于3.11%和3.87%。加标水和尿液的加标回收率和rsd分别为91.8 ~ 97.8%和3.16 ~ 4.10%。关键词:缬沙坦-氯沙坦中空纤维-固相微萃取- mwcnt聚金属氧酸盐壳聚糖感谢伊朗马什哈德伊斯兰阿扎德大学研究委员会的资助。披露声明作者声明，他们没有已知的竞争经济利益或个人关系，可能会影响本文所报道的工作。遵守伦理标准本研究是在机构和/或国家研究委员会的伦理标准下进行的，并遵循1964年赫尔辛基宣言及其后来的修正案或可比文件。道德标准。作者署名声明aref Ansari Mohseni:概念化，撰写原稿，调查，方法论，数据管理，形式分析，资源。马哈茂德·易卜拉希米:主管，调查，写作，审查和编辑。Safarali Beyramabadi:调查、写作、评论和编辑顾问。本文的补充数据可以在线访问https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2253736。
{"title":"Development of a disposable hollow fibre-solid phase microextraction device using chitosan functionalised MWCNTs and a polyoxometalate for the simultaneous extraction of angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs","authors":"Aref Ansari Mohseni, Mahmoud Ebrahimi, Safarali Beyramabadi","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2253736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2253736","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTValsartan and Losartan are two angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs used to treat heart failure and high blood pressure. A straightforward and disposable hollow fibre-solid phase microextraction device was developed to extract these drugs from real water and urine samples. A green sorbent was synthesised by functionalised MWCNTs with chitosan through a chemical route method. Besides, a polyoxometalate (Ni-CoWO4 nanoparticles) was prepared as a modifier using the hydrothermal procedure. Using the sol-gel strategy, the sorbent and modifier were reinforced in the hollow fibre pores and lumen. The approach leads to an increase in the sorbent coating stability on/in hollow fibre. The influential factors were optimised with an experimental design, indicating that pH, extraction time, and desorption time significantly affect the Valsartan and Losartan extraction. The linearity of the method to determine Valsartan and Losartan was 3.4–1850 and 3.1–1800 ng mL−1, with R squared of 0.9929 and 0.9947, respectively. The detection and quantification limits were lower than 0.9 ng mL−1 and 3.4 ng mL−1, respectively. The pre-concentration factors for determining Valsartan and Losartan with a concentration of 20 ng mL−1 were 654.2 and 546.3, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were lower than 3.11% and 3.87% for measuring Valsartan and Losartan. The recoveries and RSDs for analysing spiked eal water and urine samples were between 91.8–97.8% and 3.16–4.10%, respectively.KEYWORDS: ValsartanLosartanhollow fibre-solid phase microextractionMWCNTsPolyoxometalateschitosan AcknowledgmentsThe authors express their appreciation to the Research Council of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran, for financial support.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Compliance with ethical standardsThe study has been carried out under the institutional and/or national research committee’s ethical standards and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable. Ethical standards.CRediT authorship contribution statementAref Ansari Mohseni: Conceptualization, Writing e original draft, Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Resources.Mahmoud Ebrahimi: Supervisor, Investigation, Writing e review & editing.Safarali Beyramabadi: Advisor, Investigation, Writing e review & editing.Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2253736.","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTThis research aimed to develop a method for the speciation analysis of arsenic species, including As(III) and As(V) in environmental samples. Cotton fibres and thiol-ligands, including ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), L-cysteine, and diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDTC), were used as a simple solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by arsenic determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The separation parameters were thoroughly investigated, including pH, thiol-ligand concentration, cotton fibre amount, type of eluents, and flow rate. It was found that As(III) could be efficiently separated from As(V) by using a column containing 0.5 g cotton fibres and 0.1% APDC under pH 2. As(III) was then eluted using 5 mL of mixed solvents of 4 M HNO3, 4 M HCl, and 0.5 M H2O2 (1:1:1 v/v). The method was then used to perform a speciation analysis of arsenic in model solutions with As(III) and As(V) concentrations ranging from 10–1000 μg/L. The results showed good recoveries of both arsenic species at 80–120% with a satisfactory percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD). The developed method was subsequently applied for arsenic speciation analysis in the environmental samples, including natural and wastewater samples.KEYWORDS: Arsenicspeciation analysissolid phase extractioncotton fibresAPDC AcknowledgmentsThe success of this research can be attributed to the Environmental Analysis Research Unit (EARU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2258069.
摘要本研究旨在建立环境样品中砷的形态分析方法，包括As(III)和As(V)。采用棉纤维和硫醇配体，包括吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)、l-半胱氨酸和二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸(DDTC)作为简单固相萃取(SPE)，然后采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定砷。考察了pH、硫醇配体浓度、棉纤维用量、洗脱液种类、流速等分离参数。在pH值为2的条件下，采用含0.5 g棉纤维和0.1% APDC的色谱柱可有效分离As(III)和As(V)。然后用5 mL的混合溶剂4 M HNO3、4 M HCl和0.5 M H2O2 (1:1:1 v/v)洗脱As(III)。然后使用该方法对As(III)和As(V)浓度范围为10-1000 μg/L的模型溶液中的砷进行形态分析。结果表明，两种砷的回收率均在80 ~ 120%，相对标准偏差(%RSD)满意。该方法随后被应用于环境样品中砷的形态分析，包括自然和废水样品。关键词:砷形态分析固相萃取棉纤维apdc致谢本研究的成功应归功于朱拉隆功大学理学院化学系环境分析研究小组(EARU)。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。补充材料本文的补充数据可在https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2258069上在线获取。
{"title":"Speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic in water samples using thiol-ligand and cotton fibres followed by ICP-OES determination","authors":"Kavee Triteeyaprasert, Woravith Chansuvarn, Narong Praphairaksit, Apichat Imyim","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2258069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2258069","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis research aimed to develop a method for the speciation analysis of arsenic species, including As(III) and As(V) in environmental samples. Cotton fibres and thiol-ligands, including ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), L-cysteine, and diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDTC), were used as a simple solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by arsenic determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The separation parameters were thoroughly investigated, including pH, thiol-ligand concentration, cotton fibre amount, type of eluents, and flow rate. It was found that As(III) could be efficiently separated from As(V) by using a column containing 0.5 g cotton fibres and 0.1% APDC under pH 2. As(III) was then eluted using 5 mL of mixed solvents of 4 M HNO3, 4 M HCl, and 0.5 M H2O2 (1:1:1 v/v). The method was then used to perform a speciation analysis of arsenic in model solutions with As(III) and As(V) concentrations ranging from 10–1000 μg/L. The results showed good recoveries of both arsenic species at 80–120% with a satisfactory percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD). The developed method was subsequently applied for arsenic speciation analysis in the environmental samples, including natural and wastewater samples.KEYWORDS: Arsenicspeciation analysissolid phase extractioncotton fibresAPDC AcknowledgmentsThe success of this research can be attributed to the Environmental Analysis Research Unit (EARU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2258069.","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2023.2251418
Alka Banchhor, M. Pandey, P. Pandey
{"title":"Adsorption of hexavalent chromium by Simarouba glauca in a fixed-bed column: a full-factorial design and mathematical modelling","authors":"Alka Banchhor, M. Pandey, P. Pandey","doi":"10.1080/03067319.2023.2251418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2023.2251418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13973,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47526785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：