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The Shelf Life of Tomato Fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Treated with Extracts of Two Medicinal Plants: Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina 番茄果实的保质期两种药用植物:印楝和苦杏仁的提取物
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.3126/ije.v11i2.48653
J. C. Okolo, J. C. Igborgbor, E. Eze, G. Ogu, G. Jonah
Tomato remains one of the most nutritive edible berries but challenged by incessant attack and spoilage by fungi among others. The negative effects of synthetic preservatives have shifted attention to bio-preservatives. This study investigated the shelf-life of post-harvest tomato fruits treated with the two medicinal plants: Azadirachta indica (neem leaf) and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) extracts. Fresh tomato fruits and leaves of both plants were sourced from Lokoja. The leaves were air-dried, pulverized and extracted with distilled water and absolute ethanol. The extracts were analyzed phytochemically and graded concentrations (2.5 g/mL - 10.0 g/mL) were applied to the tomato samples in five replications each. Weight loss, appearance of fungal mycelia and deteriorations on the tomato samples were monitored for 30 days. Fungal isolates from the deteriorated samples were recovered and subjected to in vitro inhibitory activities. Alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids and tannins were present in both extracts, except for A. indica, where saponins was not detected. Both extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduce the weight loss (63.4 %) and extended the shelf life of the tomato fruits to 24 days at 10.0 g/mL. Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata were recovered from the spoilt tomatoes. The most and least susceptible isolates were R. stolonifera (84.56 %) and A. niger (71.45 %), respectively. The bioactivities of both extracts were not significantly different (p>0.05) from each other. These findings suggest that relatively higher concentrations of both plant extracts could be potential bio-preservatives to extend the shelf life of post-harvest tomatoes.
番茄仍然是最有营养的可食用浆果之一,但不断受到真菌等的攻击和腐败的挑战。合成防腐剂的负面影响已将人们的注意力转移到生物防腐剂上。研究了印楝叶和苦叶两种药用植物对番茄果实采后保质期的影响。两种植物的新鲜番茄果实和叶子都来自Lokoja。叶片风干,粉碎,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇提取。对提取液进行植物化学分析,并将提取液浓度(2.5 g/mL ~ 10.0 g/mL)分5次重复施用于番茄样品。对番茄样品的失重、真菌菌丝的出现和变质进行了30天的监测。从变质样品中回收真菌分离物并进行体外抑制活性研究。两种提取物中均含有生物碱、苷类、皂苷、黄酮类和单宁,但籼稻中未检出皂苷。两种提取物差异均显著(p0.05)。这些发现表明,相对较高浓度的这两种植物提取物可能是潜在的生物防腐剂,可以延长收获后番茄的保质期。
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引用次数: 2
Ecology of Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Western Bhutan 不丹西部波斯核桃(Juglans regia L.)生态学
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.3126/ije.v11i2.43844
L. Sagar, Jambay, Ngawang Gyeltshen, Bhakta Bdr. Ghalley, Sonam Yonten, Namkha Gyeltshen, Rupesh Subedi, R. Dorji
In Bhutan the Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is highly valued for its timber and is listed under special class in Royalty on Forest Products of Bhutan. Possessing high timber and other medicinal values, the ecology of the species in the country was poorly understood. The study aimed to understand the ecological requirements and habitat modeling of the species in Bhutan. A purposive non-probability sampling was adopted in natural habitats of the species in four districts (Gasa, Punakha, Wangdue Phodrang, and Dagana) of the country. Plot size of 20 m X 20 m (major plot) for tree and understory and 2 m X 2 m for ground cover were used to collect vegetation data. Soil samples were collected from the center of the major plot at a depth of 25 - 30 cm. A total of 163 plant species belonging to 74 families were recorded from the study plots. Pearson and Kendal correlation of CCA Ordination showed moderate influence of slope (r = .66) followed by altitude (r =.55). Annual mean temperature and rainfall showed moderately negative correlation with the growth and distribution of J. regia (r =. -54 and -.64) in the study area. Despite, scattered distribution of J. regia in the country an area of 7146.53 km2 which accounts for 18.61% of the country’s total area was found to be suitable for the growth and development of the species which can be used for protection and management of species in future.
在不丹,波斯核桃(Juglans regia L.)因其木材而受到高度重视,在不丹森林产品皇室中被列为特殊类别。由于拥有很高的木材和其他药用价值,人们对该物种在该国的生态知之甚少。该研究旨在了解不丹物种的生态需求和栖息地模型。在全国4个区(加萨、普纳卡、旺度Phodrang和达加纳)的自然生境中采用了有目的的非概率抽样方法。树木和林下植被样地面积为20 m X 20 m(主样地),地被植被样地面积为2 m X 2 m(主样地)。土壤样品采集于主样地中心25 ~ 30 cm深度处。研究样地共记录到74科163种植物。CCA排序的Pearson和Kendal相关性显示坡度对CCA排序的影响中等(r = 0.66),其次是海拔(r = 0.55)。年平均气温和降雨量与王参的生长和分布呈中度负相关(r =。-54和- 0.64)。尽管如此,在7146.53 km2(占全国总面积的18.61%)的分布范围内,柽柳的生长发育十分适宜,可为今后的物种保护和管理提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Perception of local people and visitors towards ecotourism development in Jagadishpur reservoir 当地居民和游客对Jagadishpur水库生态旅游发展的看法
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.3126/ije.v11i2.44768
Bishal Aryal, V. Chhetri, Pramisha Khanal
Ecotourism promotes stewardship of natural and cultural resources. However, local people and tourists' opinions are necessary to promote ecotourism development. This study attempts to identify prospective ecotourism products and assess local and visitor perceptions towards ecotourism development in the Jagadishpur reservoir. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 50 local households, 65 visitors, and 7 key informants. We used Friedman's rank test to determine the preferences for ecotourism products, and Fisher's exact test to quantify locals and visitors' perceptions of ecotourism. The findings showed that lakes/scenic beauty, and bird watching are the highest rated ecotourism products by locals and visitors, respectively. Local people and visitors perceived picnic spots and view towers as additional ecotourism products for ecotourism development, respectively. The perceptions of locals and visitors showed no significant difference that the area is suitable for ecotourism, biodiversity conservation, and livelihood promotion of locals. However, a significant difference was found in the perception between locals and visitors of the culture and tradition. The study showed that local people and visitors both are positive for ecotourism development in terms of suitability, livelihood, and biodiversity conservation. Detailed understanding and prioritized ecotourism products can contribute to ecotourism promotion more effectively. Furthermore, more research on the feasibility of identified ecotourism products and the effectiveness of fund allocation for ecotourism products are urgently needed to develop wetland tourism in a sustainable way.
生态旅游促进对自然和文化资源的管理。然而,当地人和游客的意见是促进生态旅游发展的必要条件。本研究试图确定未来的生态旅游产品,并评估当地和游客对Jagadishpur水库生态旅游发展的看法。我们对50个当地家庭、65名访客和7名关键举报人进行了半结构化访谈。我们使用Friedman的秩检验来确定对生态旅游产品的偏好,使用Fisher的精确检验来量化当地人和游客对生态旅游的看法。调查结果显示,湖泊/风景观光和观鸟分别是当地人和游客评价最高的生态旅游产品。当地居民和游客分别将野餐场所和观景塔视为生态旅游开发的附加生态旅游产品。当地人和游客对该地区适合生态旅游、生物多样性保护和当地人生计促进的看法没有显着差异。然而,当地人和游客对文化和传统的看法存在显著差异。研究表明,当地居民和游客在适宜性、生计和生物多样性保护方面都对生态旅游发展持积极态度。对生态旅游产品进行详细的了解和优先排序,可以更有效地促进生态旅游的推广。此外,湿地旅游的可持续发展迫切需要对生态旅游产品识别的可行性和生态旅游产品资金分配的有效性进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of freshwater plant diversity and local difference in freshwater plant use knowledge in Punakha district, Bhutan 不丹Punakha地区淡水植物多样性评估和淡水植物利用知识的地方差异
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.3126/ije.v11i2.47619
T. Dema, Tshering Pem, Jambay, S. Tshomo, S. Tshering
Freshwater plants play a paramount role in an aquatic ecosystem. However, only limited studies have been carried out on freshwater plants. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the diversity of freshwater plants in different freshwater bodies of Punakha District, the correlation of freshwater plant species with the environmental variables, and the local community difference in freshwater plant use knowledge in Punakha district. A total of 20 water bodies were selected using a stratified sampling method. Area-based surveys were employed to assess the plant species from a total of 80 plots, each with the quadrat of 5 m x 5 m. Environmental variables such as altitude, water depth, water velocity, temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration were measured. The study recorded a total of 72 freshwater plant species distributed among 57 genera and 37 families. Shannon-Weiner diversity index revealed high diversity of freshwater plants from ponds (H’ = 3.3) followed by ditches (H’ = 3.16), streams (H’ = 3.07) and lakes (H’ = 2.83). The study revealed the decrease of freshwater plant species with an increase in the water velocity, depth and altitude. There was a significant association between respondents’ freshwater plant use knowledge with gender (x2 (1) = 6.04, p = .014), age (x2 (1) = 13.21, p = .000) and education level (x2 (1) = 4.53, p = .003). Females and illiterate respondents with aged 31 years old and above had more knowledge on freshwater plant use compared to males and educated respondents with aged 30 years old and below.
淡水植物在水生生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。然而,对淡水植物的研究非常有限。因此,本研究旨在评估Punakha地区不同淡水水体中淡水植物的多样性、淡水植物种类与环境变量的相关性以及Punakha地区淡水植物利用知识的地方群落差异。采用分层抽样的方法,选取了20个水体。采用基于区域的调查方法对80个样地的植物种类进行了评估,每个样地的样方为5 m x 5 m。测量了海拔、水深、流速、温度、降水和蒸散等环境变量。本研究共记录到淡水植物72种,分布于37科57属。Shannon-Weiner多样性指数显示,池塘(H ' = 3.3)、沟渠(H ' = 3.16)、溪流(H ' = 3.07)和湖泊(H ' = 2.83)的淡水植物多样性较高。研究发现,淡水植物种类随着流速、深度和海拔的增加而减少。被调查者的淡水植物利用知识与性别(x2 (1) = 6.04, p = 0.014)、年龄(x2 (1) = 13.21, p = 0.000)和文化程度(x2 (1) = 4.53, p = 0.003)存在显著相关。31岁及以上的女性和文盲受访者对淡水植物使用的了解程度高于30岁及以下的男性和受过教育的受访者。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence of Elevated Nitrogenous and Phosphorus in Groundwater Sources Used in Unplanned Settlements, Dar Es Salaam - Tanzania 坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆,在未规划的定居点使用的地下水中氮和磷含量升高
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.3126/ije.v11i2.46304
Leopord Sibomana Leonard, Rubhera Ram Mato, M. Kaseva
Groundwater in unplanned settlements is stressed by multiple pollution sources threatening health of consumers. Elevated nitrogen and phosphorus affect the quality of groundwater as they leach through the soil to groundwater. This study aimed at establishing variations of nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds in 75 boreholes used in 8 unplanned settlements in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Laboratory analysis using Spectrophotometer DR/4000 was conducted at Ardhi University. Principal Component Analysis was conducted by using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) software, version 3.08 and statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results indicated that about 84% and 73.3% of sampled boreholes during wet and dry seasons, respectively had nitrate nitrogen greater than WHO recommendations for drinking water quality standards. Concentration of NO2-N showed that 12% and 14.7% of sampled boreholes during wet and dry seasons, respectively were greater than 0.9 mg/L TZS (574:2016) recommended guidelines. Phosphate concentration was greater than 2.2 mg/L TZS (574:2016) recommended guidelines in 49.3% and 12% of sampled boreholes during both wet and dry seasons, respectively. These results indicated that consuming such polluted water may be unsafe to infants and older people and therefore alternative drinking water source is recommended.
无计划住区的地下水受到多种污染源的压力,威胁着消费者的健康。氮和磷的升高会影响地下水的质量,因为它们会通过土壤渗入地下水。这项研究旨在确定坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆8个未规划住区使用的75个钻孔中氮和磷化合物的变化情况。在阿迪大学用DR/4000分光光度计进行实验室分析。采用Paleontological Statistics (PAST)软件进行主成分分析,软件版本为3.08,统计学显著性为p < 0.05。结果表明,在干湿季节,约84%和73.3%的采样钻孔的硝酸盐氮含量分别高于世界卫生组织建议的饮用水质量标准。在干湿季节,12%和14.7%的取样钻孔NO2-N浓度分别大于0.9 mg/L TZS(574:2016)推荐指南。在湿季和旱季,49.3%和12%的采样钻孔的磷酸盐浓度分别大于2.2 mg/L TZS(574:2016)推荐指南。这些结果表明,饮用这种受污染的水可能对婴儿和老年人不安全,因此建议使用其他饮用水源。
{"title":"Occurrence of Elevated Nitrogenous and Phosphorus in Groundwater Sources Used in Unplanned Settlements, Dar Es Salaam - Tanzania","authors":"Leopord Sibomana Leonard, Rubhera Ram Mato, M. Kaseva","doi":"10.3126/ije.v11i2.46304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v11i2.46304","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater in unplanned settlements is stressed by multiple pollution sources threatening health of consumers. Elevated nitrogen and phosphorus affect the quality of groundwater as they leach through the soil to groundwater. This study aimed at establishing variations of nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds in 75 boreholes used in 8 unplanned settlements in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Laboratory analysis using Spectrophotometer DR/4000 was conducted at Ardhi University. Principal Component Analysis was conducted by using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) software, version 3.08 and statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results indicated that about 84% and 73.3% of sampled boreholes during wet and dry seasons, respectively had nitrate nitrogen greater than WHO recommendations for drinking water quality standards. Concentration of NO2-N showed that 12% and 14.7% of sampled boreholes during wet and dry seasons, respectively were greater than 0.9 mg/L TZS (574:2016) recommended guidelines. Phosphate concentration was greater than 2.2 mg/L TZS (574:2016) recommended guidelines in 49.3% and 12% of sampled boreholes during both wet and dry seasons, respectively. These results indicated that consuming such polluted water may be unsafe to infants and older people and therefore alternative drinking water source is recommended.","PeriodicalId":14042,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76711551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimation of surface PM2.5 with MODIS Aerosol optical depth and source identification using trajectory analysis: A case of Hyderabad City, India 基于轨迹分析的MODIS气溶胶光学深度估算和地表PM2.5源识别——以印度海得拉巴市为例
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.3126/ije.v11i2.44538
Selvetikar Ashok, M. Sekhar, D. R. B. Reddy
Satellite measurements are important for quantifying the ground observations and atmosphere columnar properties like Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) especially in developing countries like India. In this study Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrieval’s AOD product has been used having 3 km and 10 km spatial resolution from terra and aqua satellites, The MODIS AOD data and meteorological parameters from May 2017 to May 2019 were used. The Multiple linear regression method is implemented in this study. The study concluded that there is a good agreement in the prediction of PM2.5 at Zoopark location, whereas in other monitoring locations the agreement between AOD and measured PM2.5 is relatively poor. The particulate matter (PM) concentrations are influenced by the local source regions and the long-range transport of pollutant through the wind, whereas the source regions identified based on the Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (CWT) and Cluster analysis indicate the dominant source regions. Results indicate that the Central India and East Indian regions are more dominating source regions at Hyderabad location in the winter season. It was found that the lower altitude layer showed the major source of local regions nearby receptor. The cluster analysis indicates that the high intensity from the East Indian regions. This paper not only demonstrates reasonable prediction accuracy but also provides the model uncertainties which lays foundation for further study.
卫星测量对于量化地面观测和大气柱状特性(如气溶胶光学深度(AOD))非常重要,特别是在印度等发展中国家。本研究使用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)反演的陆地和海洋卫星3 km和10 km空间分辨率的AOD产品,使用2017年5月至2019年5月的MODIS AOD数据和气象参数。本研究采用多元线性回归方法。研究结果表明,在Zoopark地点对PM2.5的预测具有较好的一致性,而在其他监测地点AOD与实测PM2.5的一致性相对较差。颗粒物(PM)浓度受局地源区和污染物长距离风输运的影响,而基于潜在源贡献函数(PSCF)、浓度加权轨迹(CWT)和聚类分析确定的源区是主导源区。结果表明,冬季海得拉巴地区以印度中部和东印度地区为主。发现低空层是局部区域附近受体的主要来源。聚类分析表明,高强度来自东印度地区。本文不仅证明了合理的预测精度,而且提供了模型的不确定性,为进一步的研究奠定了基础。
{"title":"Estimation of surface PM2.5 with MODIS Aerosol optical depth and source identification using trajectory analysis: A case of Hyderabad City, India","authors":"Selvetikar Ashok, M. Sekhar, D. R. B. Reddy","doi":"10.3126/ije.v11i2.44538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v11i2.44538","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite measurements are important for quantifying the ground observations and atmosphere columnar properties like Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) especially in developing countries like India. In this study Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrieval’s AOD product has been used having 3 km and 10 km spatial resolution from terra and aqua satellites, The MODIS AOD data and meteorological parameters from May 2017 to May 2019 were used. The Multiple linear regression method is implemented in this study. The study concluded that there is a good agreement in the prediction of PM2.5 at Zoopark location, whereas in other monitoring locations the agreement between AOD and measured PM2.5 is relatively poor. The particulate matter (PM) concentrations are influenced by the local source regions and the long-range transport of pollutant through the wind, whereas the source regions identified based on the Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (CWT) and Cluster analysis indicate the dominant source regions. Results indicate that the Central India and East Indian regions are more dominating source regions at Hyderabad location in the winter season. It was found that the lower altitude layer showed the major source of local regions nearby receptor. The cluster analysis indicates that the high intensity from the East Indian regions. This paper not only demonstrates reasonable prediction accuracy but also provides the model uncertainties which lays foundation for further study.","PeriodicalId":14042,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85520529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the status of water quality of three swimming pools in Bujumbura city, Burundi 布隆迪布琼布拉市三个游泳池水质状况评价
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.3126/ije.v11i2.44652
Christophe Niyungeko, Jonas Ntirampeba, P. Bararunyeretse, Benjamin Makimilua Tiimub, M. Nihorimbere, Pierre Ntakiyiruta
Poor water quality is problematic for the health of public swimmers. This study focused on the water quality of three main swimming pools coded as MS, ES and HC in the city of Bujumbura, Burundi. Water samples were collected from June to the end of August 2020 and analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, nitrates, free chlorine and microbiological parameters (total coliforms and faecal coliforms). Our results indicated that 2/3 of the sampling days showed pH >7.8 and pH<7.2 in the MS and HC pools, respectively. All these pools exhibited high turbidity whereas ES manifested very high value (6.05NTU). Free chlorine appeared very low in the MS pool with contamination by total coliforms (<1MPN 1mL-1 and 1.17x107MPN 1mL-1, <1MPN 1mL-1 and 6.32x106MPN 1mL-1, and < 1MPN 1mL-1 and 5x102 MPN 1mL-1) for MS, ES, and HC respectively. Both MS and ES pools revealed higher thermotolerant coliforms contamination of (<1MPN 1mL-1 and 2.18x104MPN 1mL-1) in MS and (<1MPN 1mL-1 and 2.32x104MPN 1mL-1) in ES, but the HC pool showed a single contamination case with values of <1UFC 1mL-1 and 5UFC1mL-1 throughout the sampling period. Additionally, extreme concentrations of nitrates (104.89 mgL-1) were observed at the ES pool. The findings showed a non-compliance with WHO standards for all three swimming pools and therefore advocates for an urgent need to monitor and treat or change the water frequently for quality assurance of swimming pools.
水质差对公众游泳者的健康构成问题。本研究的重点是布隆迪布琼布拉市三个主要游泳池的水质,编号为MS、ES和HC。2020年6月至8月底采集水样,分析理化参数,如pH、浊度、电导率、硝酸盐、游离氯和微生物参数(总大肠菌群和粪便大肠菌群)。结果表明,MS池pH >7.8, HC池pH<7.2,占采样天数的2/3。这些池的浊度都很高,而ES值非常高(6.05NTU)。MS、ES和HC总大肠菌群污染的MS池中游离氯含量极低,分别为<1MPN 1mL-1和1.17 × 107MPN 1mL-1, <1MPN 1mL-1和6.32 × 106MPN 1mL-1, <1MPN 1mL-1和5 × 102 MPN 1mL-1。MS池和ES池均显示出较高的耐热大肠菌群污染(<1MPN 1mL-1和2.18x104MPN 1mL-1), ES池显示出较高的(<1MPN 1mL-1和2.32x104MPN 1mL-1),而HC池在整个采样期间均显示出<1UFC 1mL-1和5UFC1mL-1的污染病例。此外,在ES池中观察到硝酸盐的极端浓度(104.89 mg -1)。调查结果显示,所有三个游泳池都不符合世卫组织的标准,因此主张迫切需要经常监测和处理或更换水,以保证游泳池的质量。
{"title":"Evaluation of the status of water quality of three swimming pools in Bujumbura city, Burundi","authors":"Christophe Niyungeko, Jonas Ntirampeba, P. Bararunyeretse, Benjamin Makimilua Tiimub, M. Nihorimbere, Pierre Ntakiyiruta","doi":"10.3126/ije.v11i2.44652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v11i2.44652","url":null,"abstract":"Poor water quality is problematic for the health of public swimmers. This study focused on the water quality of three main swimming pools coded as MS, ES and HC in the city of Bujumbura, Burundi. Water samples were collected from June to the end of August 2020 and analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, nitrates, free chlorine and microbiological parameters (total coliforms and faecal coliforms). Our results indicated that 2/3 of the sampling days showed pH >7.8 and pH<7.2 in the MS and HC pools, respectively. All these pools exhibited high turbidity whereas ES manifested very high value (6.05NTU). Free chlorine appeared very low in the MS pool with contamination by total coliforms (<1MPN 1mL-1 and 1.17x107MPN 1mL-1, <1MPN 1mL-1 and 6.32x106MPN 1mL-1, and < 1MPN 1mL-1 and 5x102 MPN 1mL-1) for MS, ES, and HC respectively. Both MS and ES pools revealed higher thermotolerant coliforms contamination of (<1MPN 1mL-1 and 2.18x104MPN 1mL-1) in MS and (<1MPN 1mL-1 and 2.32x104MPN 1mL-1) in ES, but the HC pool showed a single contamination case with values of <1UFC 1mL-1 and 5UFC1mL-1 throughout the sampling period. Additionally, extreme concentrations of nitrates (104.89 mgL-1) were observed at the ES pool. The findings showed a non-compliance with WHO standards for all three swimming pools and therefore advocates for an urgent need to monitor and treat or change the water frequently for quality assurance of swimming pools.","PeriodicalId":14042,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78894169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adoption of Sustainability in Clothing and Textile Production Among Developing Countries 发展中国家在服装和纺织品生产中采用可持续性
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.55921/iijv6461
I. Diyaolu
Purpose –– This study examines the vital role manufacturing industries can play in the realization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by adopting sustainability that encompasses economic viability, environmental protection, and social equity. Among such industries is the clothing and textile industry, which supplies one of the basic human needs. The textile industry has a strong potential to increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and promote foreign direct investment (FDI).Methods –– The study employed a review approach for its methodology. Secondary data from textile firms, books, and journals were used as sources of information.Findings –– The study revealed that there was a poor track record for social and environmental concerns in textile production among developing countries. The cost of acquiring technology and the threat to indigenous firms were inhibiting factors. The use of obsolete technologies, lack of sustainability principles and policies, and little effort in technology transfer were other factors.Conclusion/Recommendation –– The study recommends that developing countries should adopt a sustainability policy in textile manufacturing by employing technology transfer from developed countries through exchanges and collaborations.
目的——本研究考察了制造业在实现可持续发展目标(SDG)中可以发挥的重要作用,通过采用包括经济可行性、环境保护和社会公平在内的可持续性。在这些行业中,服装和纺织行业提供了人类的基本需求之一。纺织工业在增加国内生产总值(GDP)和促进外国直接投资(FDI)方面具有强大的潜力。方法:本研究采用综述方法。来自纺织公司、书籍和期刊的二手数据被用作信息来源。研究结果——研究显示,发展中国家在纺织品生产中对社会和环境问题的关注记录不佳。获得技术的成本和对本土公司的威胁是抑制因素。使用过时的技术、缺乏可持续性原则和政策以及在技术转让方面努力不足是其他因素。结论/建议——研究建议,发展中国家应通过交流与合作,利用发达国家的技术转让,在纺织制造业中采取可持续性政策。
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引用次数: 1
Nutrient dynamics under unmanaged rubber, cocoa, and oil palm plantations in a sandy soil under humid lowland tropical climatic conditions 湿润低地热带气候条件下沙质土壤中无管理橡胶、可可和油棕种植园的营养动态
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.3126/ije.v11i1.45839
Joel Koni, P. S. Michael
Changes in land use are an important issue in many farms that affect soil biological, chemical, and physical properties temporarily under cropping cycles or when the land is permanently allocated to perennial tree crops, e.g., in agroforestry. This study investigated the changes in sandy soil chemistry induced by three perennial tree crops (rubber, cocoa, and oil palm) growing in 30-year-old unmanaged and abandoned plantations and the surrounding grasslands dominated by cogon grass. A disruptive approach was used to collect soil samples from the top 60 cm under all the tree crops and in the grassland soils. A 500-gram sample of each soil originating from under each tree crop and the grassland were carefully packed into pre-labeled paper bags in triplicate (n=3) and sent to the laboratory for analysis of a selected number of primary and secondary macronutrients, micronutrients, and other soil parameters. The results showed N, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, and S were generally deficient in the sandy soil. A tree crop-specific soil organic matter, organic carbon, carbon stock contents, and water holding capacity measured were high under rubber and cocoa only. The variation in pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, total porosity, and particle composition were generally similar except that the sand composition was lower in the soils under rubber and oil palm.
在许多农场中,土地利用的变化是一个重要问题,它在种植周期内或当土地永久分配给多年生乔木作物时,例如在农林业中,会暂时影响土壤的生物、化学和物理性质。本研究研究了三种多年生乔木作物(橡胶、可可和油棕)在30年无管理和废弃人工林及其周围以贡草为主的草地上生长对沙质土壤化学的影响。采用破坏性方法对所有乔木作物下60 cm处和草地土壤进行取样。从每一种树木作物和草地下提取500克土壤样本,小心翼翼地装进预先贴上标签的纸袋,一式三份(n=3),送到实验室分析选定数量的初级和次级宏量营养素、微量营养素和其他土壤参数。结果表明,沙质土壤普遍缺乏N、K、Mg、Cu、Zn和S。土壤有机质、有机碳、碳储量和持水量在橡胶和可可两种树种下均较高。土壤pH、电导率、容重、总孔隙度和颗粒组成的变化基本相似,但橡胶和油棕土壤的沙粒组成较低。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of rooftop rainwater harvesting system as a source of drinking water 屋顶雨水收集系统作为饮用水源的性能
IF 1 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.3126/ije.v11i1.45841
Mamata Aryal, Prayon Joshi, S. Thakuri
Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHSs) are increasingly being used as an alternative or supplementary source of water to curb the water supply deficit in the Kathmandu valley. The harvested rainwater is primarily used for non-potable purposes like flushing toilets and irrigation, but the knowledge on the use of rainwater for potable purpose is remarkably sparse. This study assesses the suitability of rainwater in terms of quantity and quality in a public school that adopts Rooftop RWHS as the source of drinking water. In this study, we observed that the volume of rainwater being harvested is sufficient to address the current demand of drinking water, with a mean rainfall of 1664 mm on a catchment area of 372 m2. Storage capacity  needs to be expanded if the demand increases. Physico-chemical and microbial analyses of water samples (before and after a series of treatments) were carried out for the winter, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. The values of physico-chemical parameters of the water samples, in all the seasons, were well within both the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS, 2005) and the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2017) guidelines for drinking water, while fecal coliforms were detected in the storage tank, but were absent in tap water after the treatments. Based on the findings, we suggest that the harvested rainwater could be used for drinking purposes if properly treated. RWHS use at the institutional level, like in schools, on the one hand, curbs the increasing demand for water in water-deficit locations like Kathmandu, and on the other, encourages the adoption of such sustainable technologies for the water supply.
雨水收集系统(RWHSs)越来越多地被用作替代或补充水源,以遏制加德满都谷地的供水短缺。收集的雨水主要用于冲洗厕所和灌溉等非饮用目的,但关于将雨水用于饮用目的的知识却非常少。本研究评估了一所公立学校采用屋顶RWHS作为饮用水源的雨水在数量和质量上的适宜性。在本研究中,我们观察到收集的雨水量足以满足当前的饮用水需求,在372平方米的集水区平均降雨量为1664毫米。当需求增加时,需要扩容存储容量。在冬季、季风季节和季风后季节对水样(在一系列处理前后)进行了理化和微生物分析。在所有季节,水样的理化参数值均符合国家饮用水质量标准(NDWQS, 2005)和世界卫生组织(WHO, 2017)饮用水指南,而在储罐中检测到粪便大肠菌,但在处理后的自来水中没有检测到粪便大肠菌。基于研究结果,我们建议,如果处理得当,收集的雨水可以用于饮用目的。在学校等机构层面使用RWHS,一方面可以抑制加德满都等缺水地区对水日益增长的需求,另一方面,鼓励采用这种可持续的供水技术。
{"title":"Performance of rooftop rainwater harvesting system as a source of drinking water","authors":"Mamata Aryal, Prayon Joshi, S. Thakuri","doi":"10.3126/ije.v11i1.45841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v11i1.45841","url":null,"abstract":"Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHSs) are increasingly being used as an alternative or supplementary source of water to curb the water supply deficit in the Kathmandu valley. The harvested rainwater is primarily used for non-potable purposes like flushing toilets and irrigation, but the knowledge on the use of rainwater for potable purpose is remarkably sparse. This study assesses the suitability of rainwater in terms of quantity and quality in a public school that adopts Rooftop RWHS as the source of drinking water. In this study, we observed that the volume of rainwater being harvested is sufficient to address the current demand of drinking water, with a mean rainfall of 1664 mm on a catchment area of 372 m2. Storage capacity  needs to be expanded if the demand increases. Physico-chemical and microbial analyses of water samples (before and after a series of treatments) were carried out for the winter, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. The values of physico-chemical parameters of the water samples, in all the seasons, were well within both the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS, 2005) and the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2017) guidelines for drinking water, while fecal coliforms were detected in the storage tank, but were absent in tap water after the treatments. Based on the findings, we suggest that the harvested rainwater could be used for drinking purposes if properly treated. RWHS use at the institutional level, like in schools, on the one hand, curbs the increasing demand for water in water-deficit locations like Kathmandu, and on the other, encourages the adoption of such sustainable technologies for the water supply.","PeriodicalId":14042,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85397429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development
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